A Timeline of Poetry in English

ROMAN LEGIONS LEAVE BRITAIN

ANGLO-SAXONS INVADE BRITAIN

BATTLE OF CAMLAN: ARTHUR, A ROMANO-BRITON LEADER, KILLED

AUGUSTINE LEAVES ROME AS MISSIONARY TO BRITAIN

Caedmon, an uneducated herdsman, about this date discovers that he can extemporaneously utter poetry at the newly-founded monastery at Strenæshalc (Whitby) and makes verses on creation. He is the first known poet and this the first known poem in English. Inspired Denise Levertov's "Caedmon" (1987)

The Venerable Bede

Cynewulf writes and signs four Anglo-Saxon poems: Christ II, Elene, The Fates of the Apostles, and Juliana.

About this time runic extracts from The Dream of the Rood are carved on the Ruthwell Cross.

The Venerable Bede's "Death Song"

ALFRED, KING OF ENGLAND (-899)

Deor, a scop, writes a poem of consolation, probably in this century

The battle of Brunanburh, at which King Athelstan defeated the Scots, is celebrated in a poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

EDWY (-957)

Period of the making of the four great poetry manuscripts: the Junius MS, the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, and the Beowulf MS. The Beowulf can be dated as early as 680.

EDGAR (-975)

EDWARD THE MARTYR (-978)

ETHELRED (-1013)

"The Battle of Maldon," a poem on the fight between the English and the Danes in 991, translated by Emily Henrietta Hickey (1880)

SWEGN FORKBEARD (-1014)

EDMUND IRONSIDE (-1016); CNUT (-1035)

HAROLD HAREFOOT (-1040)

HARTHACNUT (-1042)

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR (-1066)

HAROLD GODWINSON (-1066); DEFEATED BY WILLIAM OF NORMANDY ON OCT. 14 (-1087)

WILLIAM II (-1100)

Layamon, late 12th cent. author of Brut, a 32,000-line poem.

HENRY I (-1135)

STEPHEN (-1154)

HENRY II (-1189)

Wace's Anglo-Norman Roman de Brut (?)

Period of Walter Map, Anglo-Latin poet

Thomas of Britain's Anglo-Norman Tristan

Wace's Anglo-Norman Roman de Rou (?)

RICHARD I (-1199)

JOHN (-1216)

HENRY III (-1272)

Guillaume de Lorris composed the first 4,000 lines of the Roman de la Rose

The Owl and the Nightingale, an amusing verse debate probably written by Nicholas of Guildford about this time

Dante Alighieri

EDWARD I (-1307)

Jean de Meun extends Roman de la Rose by over 17,500 lines

Dame Sirith (?)

Huchown

Two romances, Guy of Warwick and Bevis of Hampton, were composed about this time.

Richard Rolle (?)

Dante's Divina Commedia

EDWARD II (-1327)

ROBERT BRUCE DEFEATS EDWARD II AT BANNOCKBURN

Lyrics from British Library Harley 2253, including "Alysoun" and "Lenten ys come with love to toune."

Dante Alighieri

Cursor Mundi, a verse history of the world in about 24,000 lines.

EDWARD III (-1377)

John Gower(?); William Langland (ca. 1325); John Barbour (ca.).

Sir Orfeo, a romance (?)

Geoffrey Chaucer (early 1340s)

Richard Rolle

Boccaccio's Decameron

Andrew Wyntoun (Scotland) (ca.)

Wynnere and Wastoure

Henry Scogan (?)

ENGLISH REPLACES FRENCH IN PARLIAMENT AND LAW COURTS

Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess (ca. 1368-72, remembering the death of John of Gaunt's wife, Blanche)

Thomas Hoccleve (ca. 1367)

John Lydgate (ca.)

John Gower writes his Mirour de l'Omme, or Speculum Meditantis, about 1376-79.

John Barbour (Scotland) writes The Bruce, a verse chronicle of about 13,000 lines (1372-75).

RICHARD II (-1399)

A-text of Langland's Piers Plowman is written after 1370.

John Gower's Vox Clamantis is written about 1379-81.

Works of the so-called Gawain poet, containing Pearl, Patience, Cleanness, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight from British Library manuscript Cotton Nero A.x

John Wyclif translates the Bible (?), into English.

B-text of Langland's Piers Plowman about 1381

Wyclif

Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde" (ca. 1381-88)

C-text of Langland's Piers Plowman about 1385-86

Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

John Gower's Confessio Amantis is published at this time in its first version.

William Langland (ca.1390)

Sir John Clanvow, supposed author of The Book of Cupid, whose two characters are the cuckoo and the nightingale.

Charles d'Orleans; James I of Scotland

John Barbour

Pierce the Ploughmans Crede

HENRY IV (-1413)

The alliterative Morte Arthure (?)

Sir Launfal, by Thomas Chestre

Geoffrey Chaucer (Oct. 25)

James I of Scotland, while captured in England, writes "The Kingis Quair".

Henry Scogan

Henry Scogan's "Moral Balade" (ca. 1406-07)

John Gower

John Lydgate's Troy Book, written about 1412-20 (commissioned by Prince Henry Oct 31, 1412)

HENRY V (-1422)

John Lydgate's The Siege of Thebes, written about 1420-22

Andrew Wyntoun completed his Original Chronicle

HENRY VI (-1461, 1470-71; RPO)

Andrew Wyntoun (ca.)

John Lydgate's The Life of Our Lady (ca. 1421-22)

Robert Henryson (a master of arts by 1462)

John Lydgate's The Pilgrimage of the Life of Man, a translation of Guillaume de Deguileville's Pèleringe, written about 1426-28

Thomas Hoccleve

John Lydgate's The Fall of Princes, written about 1431-39, 36, 365 lines, based on Laurent de Premierfait's version (in French) of Boccaccio's De casibus virorum illustrium

James I of Scotland, killed

Henry the Minstrel, otherwise known as "Blind Hary" (Scotland).

John Lydgate (ca. 1449-50)

Sir Richard Holland's The Buke of the Howlat.

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, DEFEATS HENRY VI AT ST. ALBANS ON MAY 22, THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES

Walter Kennedy (ca.)

John Skelton (ca.); William Dunbar (ca.)

EDWARD IV (-1469, 1471-83), BATTLE OF TOWTON

Henry VI

BATTLES OF BARNET AND TEWKESBURY

CAXTON PRINTS THE FIRST BOOK IN ENGLAND

Stephen Hawes (ca.)

Peter Idley (?)

The Floure and the Leaf composed (?)

Gavin Douglas (ca.); Henry Parker Morley, lord

Thomas More

William Caxton prints Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (?)

Richard Holland (in or after)

EDWARD V (-1483); RICHARD III (-1485)

William Caxton prints John Gower's Confessio Amantis and Chaucer's House of Fame

William Caxton prints Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde

Alexander Barclay (ca.)

HENRY TUDOR DEFEATS RICHARD III ON BOSWORTH FIELD; HENRY VII (-1509)

Sir David Lindsay (Scotland) (ca.)

Blind Hary's The Actis and Deidis of the Illuster and Vailzeand Campioun Schir William Wallace by 1488

Henry Tudor, the future Henry VIII

COLUMBUS DISCOVERS SAN SALVADOR ON OCT. 12

"Blind Hary" (in or after)

Robert Henryson composed The Testament of Cresseid by this date when G. Myll refers to it

John Skelton made laureate by the University of Louvain (ca.)

JOHN CABOT DISCOVERS NEWFOUNDLAND

John Heywood (ca. 1496-97)

John Skelton's The Bowge of Courte composed (ca.)

The Assembly of the Gods (anon.; published)

Stephen Hawes' Example of Virtue written for Henry VII (1503-04)

William Dunbar's The Thrissill and the Rois composed

Henry, son of Henry VII, becomes the Prince of Wales

Sir Thomas Wyatt

Robert Henryson (before 1505)

Alexander Barclay's Castle of Labour (?)

William Dunbar's The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis, The Goldyn Targe, The Lament for the Makaris, and The Tretis of the Tua Mariit Wemen composed by this time.

William Dunbar's poems are published in Edinburgh

Walter Kennedy (?).

HENRY VIII (-1547)

Alexander Barclay's Ship of Fools

Stephen Hawes' Pastime of Pleasure published

Henry Tudor is married to Catherine of Aragon on June 11 and succeeds his father Henry VII on Aug. 21 as Henry VIII

Thomas Vaux, 2nd baron Vaux of Harrowden; William Gray of Reading

Stephen Hawes' Confort of Lovers composed (ca. 1510-11)

Gavin Douglas completes his translation of Eneados , Virgil's Æneid

William Dunbar (?), perhaps at Flodden Field

DEFEAT OF SCOTS AT THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN

Alexander Barclay's five eclogues (ca. 1513-14)

Dr. D. Cooper, active at the court of Henry VIII

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey (ca. 1516-17)

John Skelton wrote "Elynour Rummynge" about Alianora Romyng of Leatherhead, Surrey (ca.)

Nicholas Grimald (ca. 1519-20)

William Cecil (?); William Bullokar (ca.)

John Skelton's "Speke Parott" satirizes Cardinal Wolsey (ca.); and his "Collyn Clout" (ca. 1521-22)

Anne Askew (ca.)

John Skelton's "Why Come Ye Not to Court?" attacks Cardinal Wolsey (Nov.)

Gavin Douglas

John Skelton's The Garlande of Laurell published (Oct. 23)

Alexander Barclay's first Eclogue

Thomas Churchyard (?)

Thomas Whithorne (ca.)

Sir David Lindsay's "Dreme" (ca.)

John Skelton, on June 21; Stephen Hawes by 1529

George Puttenham (?)

Thomas Norton (ca. 1530-32)

Sir David Lindsay's "Complaynt" and "The Testament and Complaynt of our Soverane Lordis Papyngo"

Alexander Barclay's first three eclogues published in 1530

W. Thynne edits Chaucer's works and The Book of the Duchess and The Legend of Good Women for the first time.

Ariosto's Orlando Furioso

HENRY VIII SECRETLY MARRIES ANNE BOLEYN

Elizabeth Tudor, later Elizabeth I

George Gascoigne (ca. 1534-35)

Sir Thomas More, executed

Arthur Golding (ca. 1535-36)

Thomas Sackville, 1st earl of Dorset (ca.)

ANNE BOLEYN EXECUTED

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, develops blank verse 1537-46 in his translation of the Aeneid, Books 2-6

Barnabe Googe; Isabella Whitney

Hugh Rhodes

Sir Thomas Wyatt, on Oct. 11

William Byrd (ca. 1539-43); Sir Edward Dyer; George Turberville (ca. 1543-44)

John Heywood's verse proverbs

Giles Fletcher the elder (baptized)

Anne Askew, burned at Smithfield; William Thynne (Aug. 10)

EDWARD VI (-1553)

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, executed by Henry VIII by decapitation; Henry VIII

John Bale's Illustrium Majoris Britanniae Scriptorum Summarium, biographical entries on major British writers

John Bellenden or Bannatyne (ca. 1545-48)

R. Wever devises Lusty Juventus about 1549-53

Sir Thomas Wyatt's Certayne Psalmes, an English translation of part of the Biblical psalms.

Alexander Montgomerie (Scotland) (early 1550s)

Francis Seager

Thomas Churchyard's A Mirror for Man

Edmund Spenser (?)

Alexander Barclay

Gabriel Harvey (ca. 1552-53)

JANE (-1553); MARY I (-1558)

Gavin Douglas' translation of Virgil's Æneid, published posthumously

William Stevenson about this year wrote Gammer Gurton's Needle

Thomas Wilson's Art of Rhetoric

Fulke Greville, 1st baron Brooke; John Lyly (?); Sir Philip Sidney, on Nov. 30; Walter Ralegh (ca.); Stephen Gosson (baptized)

Henry Howard's translation of book IV of Virgil's Æneid published about this time.

John Heywood's Epigrams

Nicholas Breton (ca. 1554-55); Richard Carew of Anthony; Thomas Watson (ca. 1555-56)

Sir David Lindsay; Robert Smith

John Heywood's The Spider and the Fly

George Peele, baptized; Thomas Morley (ca. 1556-57)

Henry Parker Morley, lord; Thomas Vaux, 2nd baron Vaux of Harrowden (RPO)

Songes and Sonettes by...Lorde Henry Haward...and other (Richard Tottel's miscellany) including Nicholas Grimald's innovations in heroic couplets and blank verse

The translation by Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, of books II and IV of Virgil's Æneid is published.

Thomas Tusser's Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie

Tottel's Miscellany

William Gray of Reading is active about this time.

Sir Arthur Gorges (ca.)

ELIZABETH I (-1603)

Chidiock Tichborne (ca.); Thomas Lodge; William Warner (ca. 1558-59); Robert Greene (1558 baptized)

The Mirror of Magistrates, with 20 tragic tales; enlarged repeatedly until 1609

George Chapman

Anthony Munday, baptized; Sir John Harington (?), baptized

Julius Caesar Scaliger's poetics published in France

Mary Herbert, countess of Pembroke; Robert Southwell (?)

Henry Constable; Samuel Daniel; Nicholas Grimald

Nicholas Grimald (ca.); William Gray of Reading (ca.)

Barnabe Googe's Eglogs, Epytaphes, and Sonettes

Second edition of The Mirror of Magistrates, including Thomas Sackville's Induction and Complaint

John Dowland (ca.); Michael Drayton; Sir Robert Sidney (Philip's younger brother); Joshua Sylvester (?)

Thomas Newberry

Christopher Marlowe, baptized on Feb. 6; William Shakespeare, baptized on April 26 in Stratford upon Avon parish church

Arthur Golding's translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, books I-IV, published, completed in 1575

John Davies (ca. 1564-65); Francis Meres (ca. 1565-66)

John Hoskyns; James I of England (James VI of Scotland).

Isabella Whitney's The Copy of a Letter (1566-67)

Thomas Campion; Thomas Nashe

John Skelton's poems published

Sir Henry Wotton

Barnabe Barnes' sonnet sequence Parthenophil and Parthenophe

Sir John Davies; Emilia Lanyer, née Bassano

Sir Robert Aytoun (Scotland); Thomas Bateson (?); Thomas Dekker (?); Samuel Rowlands (?)

Martin Peerson (?)

Rauf Coilyear (late 15th cent. Scot.), published

John Donne; Ben Jonson (June 11)

George Gascoigne's A Hundreth Sundrie Flowres, reissued as Poesies in 1575

Isabella Whitney's A Sweet Nosegay

Richard Barnfield; Joseph Hall; John Wilbye

George Gascoigne's Certayne notes of instruction concerning the Making of verse or ryme in English names "Poulter's Measure," iambic couplets of 12- and 14-syllable lines

John Marston (?); Robert Hayman

Richard Edwards' compilation of Paradyse of Dainty Devises

George Gascoigne's The Steele glas; his Poesies was confiscated as scandalous

Thomas Weelkes (?)

Thomas Whethorne's Duos, or, Songs for Two Voices, composed by 1576

George Gascoigne on Nov. 15

Thomas Proctor's A Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions

George Sandys; John Taylor the "water poet" (?)

John Heywood (ca.)

Stephen Gosson's prose The School of Abuse attacks poets and players

Edmund Spenser's Shepheardes Calender, in which Hobbinol is Gabriel Harvey

John Fletcher

Thomas Churchyard's translation of Ovid's Tristia, I-III

Thomas Ford (?); Thomas Middleton (baptised); John Webster (ca. 1576-80)

John Heywood (?); Isabella Whitney (after); Thomas Tusser

Humphrey Gifford's A Posie of Gilloflowers

Sir Philip Sidney completes the Old Arcadia and writes his Defence of Poetry or An Apologie for Poetrie 1579-83 (published in 1595), in response to Stephen Gosson's School of Abuse

Stanyhurst's translation of Virgil's Aeneid, I-IV

Philip Sidney writes Astrophel and Stella about this time: 108 sonnets and 11 songs about his unrequited love for Penelope Rich

Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway on November 27

Richard Corbet (Corbett); Phineas Fletcher; Edward, lord Herbert of Cherbury (?)

Thomas Watson's Hekatompathia

Sir Philip Sidney completes the New Arcadia within two years

Orlando Gibbons baptized; Aurelian Townshend (ca.); Susanna Shakespeare (baptized May 26)

Francis Beaumont (ca.); Sir John Beaumont (ca.)

Thomas Norton; Thomas Proctor

James VI of Scotland writes Essays of a Prentice in the Arte of Poesie, using the poems of Alexander Montgomerie

William Drummond of Hawthornden; Giles Fletcher the younger; Judith and Hamnet Shakespeare (baptized February 2)

William Warner's Albions England

William Webbe's Discourse of English Poetrie

Sir Philip Sidney on Oct. 17, from a war wound; Chidiock Tichborne, hanged, castrated, and disemboweled for Treason

Robert Chester (ca.)

Lady Mary Sidney Wroth (?); Walter Porter (?)

William Byrd's Psalmes, Sonets, & Songs of sadnes and pietie

George Wither; John Wilson

William Byrd's Songs of Sundrie Natures

George Puttenham's The Arte of English Poesie

Humphrey Gifford (?)

Thomas Lodge's Rosalynde: Euphues golden legacie

George Peele's Polyhymnia

Thomas Watson's Italian Madrigals Englished

revised version of Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia published posthumously

Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene, Books I-III

William Browne

George Puttenham; William Bullokar (ca.)

Sir Philip Sidney's "You Gote-heard Gods" by Roseanna Warren's "Lena's House: Watercolor" (1993)

Sir John Harrington's translation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, 33, 000 lines

Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophel and Stella

Edmund Spenser's Daphnaida and Complaints

Robert Herrick (baptized)

William Webbe

Sir Philip Sidney's "With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the skies" by Philip Larkin's "Sad Steps" (1974)

Samuel Daniel's Delia. Contayning certayne sonnets: with the complaint of Rosamond

Joshua Sylvester's translation of The Divine Weeks and Works of Du Bartas, completed in 1608

Henry King; Francis Quarles

Thomas Watson; Robert Greene

John Donne writes the first two satires, most elegies, and some songs and sonnets while at Lincoln's Inn, 1592-94

Robert Greene attacks Shakespeare as "an upstart Crow," mocking a line in his 3 Henry VI

Henry Constable's sonnet sequence Diana

Michael Drayton: Idea: the Shepheards Garland

Thomas Morley's Canzonets

The Phoenix Nest, compiled by R. S.

Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis

Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia republished with the three books of the old version

George Herbert (April 3)

Christopher Marlowe on May 30, murdered, 29 years old

George Chapman's The Shadow of Night

Michael Drayton's Ideas Mirrour: Amours in Quatorzains

R. Carew's translation of Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata

Thomas Morley's Canzonets and Madrigalls

Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece

Barnabe Googe

Ben Jonson marries Anne Louis (November 14)

Shakespeare is a member of the Lord Chamberlain's men

Sir John Davies' Nosce teipsum

George Chapman's Ovid's Banquet of Sense

Samuel Daniel's Civil Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and York, completed in 8 books in 1609.

Michael Drayton's Endimion and Phoebe

Thomas Morley's Balletts and Canzonets

Sir Philip Sidney's Defence of Poesie and sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella posthumously published

Edmund Spenser's sonnet sequence "Amoretti," and his wedding poem "Epithalamion," both about Elizabeth Boyle

Thomas Carew

Robert Southwell, hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn (and canonized in 1970)

Robert Southwell's St. Peter's Complaint, with Other Poems

Sir John Davies' Orchestra or a Poeme of Dauncing

Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Books IV-VI, Fowre Hymnes, and Prothalamion

James Shirley; Benjamin, son of Ben Jonson

George Peele; George Whithorne; Hamnet Shakespeare (August 12)

Michael Drayton's Mortimeriados

Francis Bacon's Essays, first edition

John Dowland: The First Booke of Songes or Ayres

Joseph Hall's Virgidemiarum

Francis Mere's Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury, including a critical survey of English writers, such as Shakespeare, his "signed Sonnets among his private friends", and 12 plays

George Turberville (after this year)

Shakespeare bought New Place in Stratford upon Avon (May)

Michael Drayton's England's Heroicale Epistles

Richard Barnfield's Lady Pecunia

George Chapman's translation of Homer's Iliad, I-II, VII-XI

Christopher Marlowe's Hero and Leander, posthumously published, and completed by George Chapman

Alexander Montgomerie; William Cecil (?)

Shakespeare acts in Ben Jonson's Sejanus

Samuel Daniel's Musophilus

Sir John Davies, in Hymnes of Astraea, writes 26 acrostic poems dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.

The Passionate Pilgrim includes Shakespeare's sonnets 138 and 144

Edmund Spenser, on Jan. 16

Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love" by Sir Walter Ralegh's "The Nymph's Reply" (1600) and William Carlos Williams's "Raleigh was Right" (1950)

Englands Helicon, an anthology of poems, including Christopher Marlowe's "Come live with me and be my love"

Thomas Morley: First Booke of Ayres

Thomas Nashe: Summers Last Will and Testament (play)

John Dowland: Second Booke of Songs

Christopher Marlowe's translation of Lucan's Pharsalia posthumously published

Thomas Weelkes' Madrigals

Charles I; John Ogilby (Scots.)

Sir Walter Ralegh's "The Nymph's Reply" (1600), about Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love"

Robert Chester's Loues martyr: or, Rosalins complaint

John Donne secretly weds Ann More, niece of his employer, Sir Thomas Egerton

Thomas Morley: Madrigals

Thomas Nashe

Thomas Campion's A Booke of Ayres

William Strode

Thomas Campion's Observations in the Art of English Poesie

A Poetical Rapsody, compiled by Francis and Walter Davison

Robert Southwell's St. Peter's Complaint, with Other Poems

Edward Benlowes; Owen Felltham (?)

Thomas Morley (in or after)

Shakespeare living on Silver Street, Cripplegate, London (to 1604)

Shakespeare granted a coat of arms

JAMES I (-1625)

Samuel Daniel's Defence of Rhyme, a reply to Thomas Campion's Observations

John Dowland's Third and Last Booke of Songs

James VI of Scotland is crowned James I of England

Shackerley Marmion

Elizabeth I; Benjamin, son of Ben Jonson

Thomas Bateson's Cantus. The first set of English Madrigales

Thomas Churchyard; Robert Chester

Michael Drayton's Owle

James I becomes patron of Shakespeare's acting company

John Dowland's Lachrimæ

Bartas: his Devine weekes and workes, translated by Joshua Sylvester

William Habington; Thomas Randolph

Michael Drayton's Poemes Lyrick and Pastorall, including "The Ballad of Agincourt," "To the Virginian Voyage," and "To Cupid"

Sir William D'Avenant, on March 3; Edmund Waller

John Lyly

About this time John Donne wrote "The Sunne Rising" and "The Cannonization"

JAMESTOWN FOUNDED IN VIRGINIA

Thomas Ford's Musicke of sundrie kindes

Sir Edward Dyer; Edmund Shakespeare, William's younger brother, a player

John Hoskins' "on the fart in Parliament house"

John Milton on Dec. 9; Elizabeth Hall, Shakespeare's granddaughter

Thomas Sackville, 1st earl of Dorset

John Donne wrote his holy sonnets about 1608-09

Shakespeares sonnets (including "A Lover's Complaint") published by Thomas Thorpe

John Wilbye's The Second Set of Madrigales

Sir John Suckling

William Warner

A folio edition of Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene includes "Two cantos of Mutabilitie"

William Shakespeare's "Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments" by Robert Graves's "Beauty in Trouble" (1955)

William Shakespeare's "Th'expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame" by Karl Jay Shapiro's "Adult Bookstore" (1976), Wendy Cope's "The expense of spirits is a crying shame" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986), Dorothy Hickson's "129F. A Response to Shaxper's Sonnet 129" (1997), and W. D. Snodgrass's "Sonnet #129 -- de/composed from Shakespeare, A" and "Sonnet #129 -- de/composed from Shakespeare, B" (2001)

William Shakespeare's "Not from the stars do I my judgement pluck" by Wendy Cope's "Not from the stars do I my judgement pluck" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "My glass shall not persuade me I am old" by Wendy Cope's "My glass shall not persuade me I'm senescent" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments" by Wendy Cope's "Not only marble, but the plastic toys" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "How like a winter hath my absence been" by Wendy Cope's "How like a sprinter you have turned and run" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "Let me not to the marriage of true minds" by Wendy Cope's "Let me not to the marriage of true swine" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "Alas 'tis true, I have gone here and there" by Wendy Cope's "Indeed 'tis true. I travel here and there" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

William Shakespeare's "That time of year thou mayst in me behold" by Marilyn Hacker's "Did you love well what very soon you left?" (1986)

William Shakespeare's "When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes" by T. S. Eliot's "Ash Wednesday" (1930)

GALILEO SHOWS EARTH'S ROTATION AROUND THE SUN

Giles Fletcher the younger's Christs Victorie and Triumph

Lucius Cary, second Viscount, Falkland

John Davies' The Scourge of Folly

Shakespeare's The Phoenix and the Turtle published in Chester's Loves Martyr

Aemilia Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum

John Donne's "La Corona" sonnet sequence, written about this time; and An Anatomy of the World: The First Anniversary

King James' version of the Bible

Giles Fletcher the elder

William Byrd's Psalmes, Songs, and Sonnets

second edition of Francis Bacon's Essays

John Donne's The Second Anniversary: The Progress of the Soul

John Dowland's A Pilgrimes Solace

Michael Drayton's The Poly-Olbion, Part I (1612-13)

Orlando Gibbons's First Set of Madrigals and Mottets

Anne Bradstreet; James Graham, 5th earl and first marquis of Montrose (Scotland)

Sir John Harington

John Donne's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" by Adrienne Rich's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" (1971)

William Browne's Britannia's Pastorals, completed in 1616

Joshua Sylvester's Lachrymae Lachrymarum

George Wither's Abuses Stript and Whipt

Samuel Butler; John Cleveland; Richard Crashaw (?)

Henry Constable

Richard Carew of Anthony's "The Excellency of the English Tongue" (1614)

John Donne's "Goodfriday 1613: Riding Westward"

John Donne's "Good Friday, 1613, Riding Westward" by Elizabeth Spires's "Good Friday. Driving Westward" (1995)

Sir John Denham

George Chapman's translation of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and The Divine Poem of Musaeus (translation of the Greek Hero and Leander)

William Drummond's Poems

Ben Jonson's Works, including "On My First Son"

Joseph Beaumont; Richard Lovelace

Francis Beaumont; William Shakespeare (April 23)

Ben Jonson receives a royal pension, making him unofficially the first British Poet Laureate

Abraham Cowley

John Davies; Sir Walter Ralegh, executed; Joshua Sylvester

George Chapman's translation of Hesiod's Georgics

Thomas Bateson's Second Set of Madrigals

Michael Drayton's last edition of Idea, including "Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part"

Samuel Daniel

MAYFLOWER LANDS ON DEC. 22

Martin Peerson's Private Musicke

Francis Quarles' A Feast for Wormes

Alexander Brome

Thomas Campion; Richard Carew of Anthony; Richard Barnfield

George Sandys' verse translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Englished, books 1-5, completed on the voyage to Virginia and in the colony itself (1621-26)

Andrew Marvell; Henry Vaughan and Thomas Vaughan (twins)

Mary Herbert, countess of Pembroke, of smallpox

Mary Wroth's The Countess of Montgomery's Urania, the first romance by an Englishwoman; and "Pamphilia to Amphilanthus," the first sonnet sequence by an Englishwoman

Michael Drayton's Poly-Olbion, II

George Wither's Fair-virtue

William Drummond's Flowres of Sion

Shakespeare's fellow actors John Heminge and Henry Condell publish the first folio of his works

Margaret Cavendish, duchess of Newcastle (ca.); Samuel Crossman (?)

William Byrd; Giles Fletcher the younger; Thomas Weelkes

CHARLES I (-1649)

third edition of Francis Bacon's Essays

John Fletcher; Orlando Gibbons; Sir Arthur Gorges; James I of England; Thomas Lodge

Francis Bacon; Nicholas Breton (ca.); Sir John Davies; John Dowland (ca.); Sir Robert Sidney

Michael Drayton's The Battaile of Agincourt

Sir John Beaumont; Thomas Middleton; Sir John Suckling

George Wither's Britain's Remembrancer, about the 1625 London plague

John Bunyan (baptized)

Fulke Greville, baron Brooke; Samuel Rowlands

Anne Dudley marries Simon Bradstreet and sails to New England in 1630

Robert Hayman's Quodlibets Lately Come over from New Britaniola, Old Newfound-land, the first extant English poetry written in Canada

John Milton composes "On the Morning of Christ's Nativity" at Christmas

Robert Hayman

Michael Drayton's The Muses Elizium

Charles Cotton

Thomas Bateson; Stephen Gosson

John Milton writes a sonnet on Shakespeare, published in the 1632 folio

John Penkethman

John Dryden; John Phillips; Urian Oakes (US); Michael Wigglesworth (US)

John Donne; Michael Drayton; Gabriel Harvey

Walter Porter's Madrigales and ayres

Francis Quarles' Divine Fancies

Thomas Dekker

Katherine Philips; Nathaniel Crouch (?)

Certaine Learned and Elegant Works by Fulke Greville, lord Brooke, including Caelica

John Donne's Poems posthumously published

Phineas Fletcher's The Purple Island; or, The Isle of Man

George Herbert's The Temple

George Herbert, age 40; Anthony Munday

John Donne's "The Flea" (probably composed ca. 1600) by S. T. Coleridge's "On Donne's Poem 'To a Flea'" (1811)

John Milton's "Comus" performed in Ludlow

George Chapman; John Marston

Francis Quarles' Emblemes

George Wither's Emblems, Ancient and Moderne

Sir George Etherege (?); Thomas Sprat; Thomas Flatman

Richard Corbet (Corbett); Thomas Randolph

John Milton's Lycidas in memory of Edward King

Wentworth Dillon; Thomas Ken

Ben Jonson

Sir William D'Avenant made unofficial British Poet Laureate

Francis Quarles' Hieroglyphikes of the Life of Man

Thomas Randolph's Poems with the Muses looking-glasse

Sir John Suckling's Aglaura (revised)

Thomas Traherne

Sir Robert Aytoun (?); John Hoskyns; Shackerley Marmion; John Wilbye; John Webster (ca.)

Sir John Suckling's "Baleade upon a Wedding"

William Habington's posthumous Poems

Sir Charles Sedley (baptized)

Sir Henry Wotton

Thomas Carew's Workes

Ben Jonson's Timber, criticism on poets and poetry; and his translation of Horace's Ars Poetica

Aphra Behn (?); Thomas Shadwell (?)

Thomas Carew; Sir John Suckling (?)

About this time, John Milton drafts a tragedy named variously "Paradise Lost" and "Adam Unparadised"

The Bay Psalm Book, a verse translation by Richard Mather, John Eliot, and Thomas Weld (reputed to be the first book printed in North America)

first version of Sir John Denham's Cooper's Hill and The Sophy

Benjamin Tompson (US)

Lucius Cary, second Viscount Falkland; William Warner

Charles Sackville, earl of Dorset

Francis Quarles; George Sandys

Edward Taylor (?; US)

John Milton's Poems, including "L'Allegro" and "Il Penseroso"

Edmund Waller's Poems

William Browne; Emilia Lanyer; William Strode

Richard Crashaw's Steps to the Temple

Sir John Sucking's Fragmenta Aurea

Henry Vaughan's Poems

John Cleveland's The Character of a London-Diurnall: with Several Select Poems

Richard Corbett's Certain Elegant Poems

Abraham Cowley's The Mistresse

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester

Francis Meres

Robert Herrick's Hesperides, about 1400 poems

Edward, lord Herbert of Cherbury; Thomas Ford; Richard Crashaw

Elkanah Settle

Joseph Beaumont's Psyche, in 30,000 lines

Robert Herrick's "Upon Julia's Clothes" by Owen Seaman's "To Julia in Shooting Togs and a Herrickose Vein" (1896), E. V. Knox's "Upon Julia's Clothes" (1911), Tom Clark's "Julia's Under-garments Viewed as a Vision of H2O" (1987), and Helen Bevington's "Herrick's Julia" (2007)

NO KING; GOVERNMENT BY COUNCIL (-1653)

Richard Lovelace's Lucasta, including "To Althea, from Prison"

Charles I; William Drummond of Hawthornden; Aurelian Townshend (ca.)

Henry Vaughan's Silex Scintillans

Anne Bradstreet's The Tenth Muse: the first English woman to publish a volume of original poems

Phineas Fletcher; Martin Peerson

Andrew Marvell's "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland" (June)

Henry Vaughan's "The World" by Genevieve Taggard's "Remembering Vaughan in New England" (composed 1938)

Sir William Davenant's "Preface to Gondibert"

Lady Mary Sidney Wroth (or 1653)

John Cleveland's Poems

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (ca.) (Mexico; Academy of American Poets, US)

Edward Benlowe's Theophilia, or Love's Sacrifice

Richard Crashaw's Carmen Deo Nostro

Nahum Tate (ca.)

John Milton becomes permanently blind

John Milton's "When I Consider how my Light is Spent" (ca. 1652-55) by Phyllis McGinley's "View from a Suburban Window" (1960)

OLIVER CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR (-1658)

Margaret Cavendish's Poems and Fancies

Thomas D'Urfey (?); John Oldham

John Taylor the "water poet"

John Milton does verse translations of Psalmes 1-8

Sir Richard Blackmore

William Habington

John Cotgrave's The English Treasury of Literature and Language and Wits Interpreter: The English Parnassus

John Bunyan's Ebal and Gerizzim (ca.)

Abraham Cowley's Poems

Richard Crashaw's Carmen Del Nostro

Lady Mary Chudleigh

Joseph Hall

John Phillips' Sportive Wit, lampoons that were publicly burned

Henry King's Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes and Sonnets

John Dennis

Richard Lovelace

John Ogilby's translation of The Fables of Aesop

RICHARD CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR (-1659)

John Dennis

John Cleveland

John Milton writes "Methought I saw my Late Espoused Wife" for his late wife Katherine Woodcock

John Milton begins dictating Paradise Lost while blind

Richard Lovelace's Last Remains

Henry Purcell

Walter Porter

CHARLES II (-1685)

John Dryden's Astraea Redux, celebrating the restoration of the monarchy

Daniel Defoe (?); Anne Killigrew (?); John Danforth (US)

John Ogilby's translation of Homer's Iliad

John Milton briefly jailed in the fall, after copies of his books were burned by the public executioner (Aug. 27), but was pardoned in December

Anne Finch, countess of Winchilsea

Alexander Brome's Songs

Owen Felltham's "Lusoria"

John Bunyan's Profitable Meditations

Samuel Butler's Hudibras, Book I

John Smith

Michael Wigglesworth's The Day of Doom and God's Controversy with New England

Samuel Butler's Hudibras, Book II

Abraham Cowley's Verses lately written upon Several Occasions

William King

John Bunyan's Prison Meditations

John Milton finishes Paradise Lost

Cotton Mather (US)

NEWTON FORMULATES THE LAW OF GRAVITY

Matthew Prior

Katherine Philips, of smallpox

Charles Cotton's Scarronnides, books 1 and 4

Katherine Philips' Poems (unauthorized edition)

Edward Herbert, lord Herbert of Cherbury's Occasional Verses

James Shirley; Thomas Vaughan

John Milton completes Paradise Regained

Sarah Kemble Knight (US)

Katherine Philips' Poems (authorized edition)

John Dryden's Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, MDCLXVI

John Milton's Paradise Lost, published in ten books

Alicia D'Anvers, née Clarke; John Pomfret; John Reynolds; John Richardson; Jonathan Swift; Edward Ward

Abraham Cowley; George Wither

John Dryden's essay Of Dramatick Poesie

John Dryden made first official Poet Laureate of England

Thomas Sprat's "An Account of the Life and Writings of Mr. Abraham Cowley"

Sir William Davenant; Owen Felltham; Abraham Chear

Alicia D'Anvers (née Clarke)

Sir John Denham; Henry King; Richard Mather (US)

William Congreve; Sarah Fyge; Bernard Mandeville (baptized)

Michael Wigglesworth's Meat Out of the Eater

John Milton's Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes published

Colley Cibber; Sarah Dixon; Lewis Morris II (US)

Sir George Etherege's Poems

Joseph Addison

Anne Bradstreet

Sir Charles Sedley's "Love still has something of the sea" by Richard Howard's "Agreement with Sir Charles Sedley"

John Milton's Poems on Several Occasions, revised edn.

John Oldmixon; Ambrose Philips

Margaret Cavendish, duchess of Newcastle; Benjamin Colman (US)

John Milton's Paradise Lost (2nd edn.), published in 12 books

Thomas Rymer's translation of René Rapin's Reflections on Aristotle's Treatise of Poesie

Ambrose Philips; Nicholas Rowe; Isaac Watts; William Byrd II (US)

Edward Benlowes; Robert Herrick; John Milton (Nov. 9-10); Thomas Traherne

Thomas Flatman's Poems and Songs

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's A Satire against Mankind

William Somervile; Henry Dixon

Charles Cotton's Burlesque Upon Burlesque, or, The Scoffer Scoft

John Philips

John Ogilby; Edward Benlowes

Benjamin Tompson's "New England's Crisis" and "On a Fortification at Boston begun by Women"

Samuel Butler's "Hudibras", Book III

Anne Bradstreet's Poems, second edition, with additional lyrical poems, especially the marital love poems

Henry Vaughan's Thalia Rediviva

John Winstanley (?)

Andrew Marvell, of medical treatment; Mary Monck (?)

John Oldham writes "A letter from the country"

Anne Bradstreet's "In Reference to her Children, 23 June 1659" by John Berryman's Homage to Mistress Bradstreet, lines 121-168 (1956)

John Oldham's Satire against Virtue

Thomas Parnell (Ireland); Roger Wolcott (US)

Wentworth Dillon's translation, Horace's Art of Poetry

Samuel Butler's Hudibras, Part III

Wentworth Dillon, 4th earl of Roscommon, publishes a translation of Horace's Ars Poetica

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's Poems on several Occasions

Samuel Butler; John Wilmot, earl of Rochester

Ovid's Epistles, translated by John Dryden and Shiers

Aphra Behn's "The Disappointment" by John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's "The Imperfect Enjoyment" (1680)

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's "The Imperfect Enjoyment", about Aphra Behn's "The Disappointment"

John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's "A Ramble in Saint James's Park" by Gavin Ewart's "On Being Criticized for Categorizing Rochester's 'A Ramble in St James's Park' as Light Verse" (1991)

John Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel

Andrew Marvell's Miscellaneous Poems, posthumously published, including "To his Coy Mistress"

Charles Cotton's The Wonders of the Peake

John Oldham's Some New Pieces

Andrew Marvell's "The Garden" by Phyllis Webb's "Marvell's Garden" (1956)

Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" by D. J. Enright's "Fine and Private Place" (1962), Peter De Vries's "To his Importunate Mistress: Andrew Marvell Updated" (1986), Jo Shapcott's "Vegetable Love" (1992), and Annie's Finch's "Coy Mistress" (1997)

Urian Oakes (US)

John Dryden's Religio Laici, Macflecknoe, and "Absalom and Achitophel," II (of which all but 200 lines are by Nahum Tate)

Richardson Pack

Cotton Mather's poem to Urian Oakes

Edward Taylor's God's Determinations Touching his Elect (?)

Edward Young (baptized)

John Oldham, of smallpox

John Oldham's Poems and Translations

Wentworth Dillon's Essay on Translated Verse (a poem)

Allan Ramsay (Scotland)

Poems upon Several Occasions, with the poems of Aphra Behn

Cotton Mather's "Elegy" on Nathanael Collins

Samuel Crossman

JAMES II (-1688)

Aphra Behn's Miscellany, being a collection of poems by several hands

Edmund Waller's Divine Poems

John Dryden's Sylvae

George Berkeley; William Diaper; John Gay; William Harrison; Aaron Hill; Thomas Tickell; Mary Barber (ca.)

Wentworth Dillon; Anne Killigrew, from smallpox

Anne Killigrew's Poems, to which John Dryden contributed an ode in memory of Anne Killigrew

John Bunyan's A Book for Boys and Girls

Sarah Fyge's The Female Advocate

John Dryden's Song for St. Cecilia's Day and The Hind and the Panther

Matthew Prior's and Charles Montagu's Story of the Country-Mouse and the City-Mouse, a burlesque of Dryden's The Hind and the Panther

Henry Carey

Charles Cotton; Edmund Waller

John Dryden's Britannia Rediviva

Thomas Shadwell made British Poet Laureate

Laurence Eusden; Alexander Pope; Thomas Warton (?); Leonard Welsted; Mary Collier (?); Samuel Croxall (1688-89)

John Bunyan; Thomas Flatman

WILLIAM III (-1702) AND MARY II (-1694)

Charles Cotton's Poems on Several Occasions

Andrew Marvell's Poems on Affairs of State published posthumously

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, née Pierrepont

Aphra Behn

Henry Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, libretto by Nahum Tate

Michael Wigglesworth's Riddles Unriddled; or, Christian Paradoxes

Sir William Temple's essay "Of Poetry"

Henry Purcell's Dioclesian

Alicia D'Anvers' Academia, or The Humours of the University of Oxford

Sir George Etherege; Samuel Wesley

Charles Cotton's The Valiant Knights

Henry Purcell's King Arthur

Henry Purcell's The Fairy Queen

Nahum Tate made British Poet Laureate on Dec. 8 (after Thomas Shadwell's death)

John Byrom; Andrew Brice

Thomas Shadwell

Hildebrand Jacob

James Bramston (?); Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield; Elizabeth Tollet

Henry Purcell's The Indian Queen

Henry Purcell; Henry Vaughan; Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (ca.) (Mexico; Academy of American Poets, US)

Sir Richard Blackmore's Prince Arthur

John Milton's Paradise Lost republished, the first poem in England to receive scholarly annotations like a classical text

Thomas Foxton

Matthew Green; William Oldys

John Oldmixon's Poems

John Dryden's Alexander's Feast, or, the Power of Musique; and his translation of The Works of Virgil

Thomas Edwards; Richard Savage (?); Hetty Wright

Aphra Behn's Poetical Remains

Henry Baker; Edward Chicken; Edward Littleton (baptized); John Ellis

Thomas Traherne's A Serious and Pathetical Contemplation of the Mercies of God

Robert Blair; Leonard Howard (?); Christopher Pitt; Alexander Ross (Scotland); Thomas Edwards; John Dyer (Wales); Richard Lewis (?; US)

Joseph Beaumont

John Pomfret's Miscellany Poems on Several Decisions

Benjamin Tompson's "To Lord Bellamont"

John Dryden's Fables Ancient and Modern and The Secular Masque

John Dyer (Wales); James Thomson (Scotland)

John Dryden (May 1)

Daniel Defoe's A True-born Englishman

John Dennis' The Advancement and Reformation of Modern Poetry

John Philips' The Splendid Shilling

Sir Charles Sedley

David Mallet (1701-02)

Cotton Mather's Consolations

ANNE (-1714)

Sir Charles Sedley's Miscellaneous Works, published posthumously

Philip Doddridge; Kenrick Prescot; Francis Williams (Jamaica)

John Pomfret

Henry Brooke's "The New Metamorphosis"

Lady Mary Chudleigh's Poems upon Several Occasions

Sarah Fyge's Poems on Several Occasions

Henry Brooke (?); John Wesley

Lawrence Spooner's A Looking-Glass for Smokers

John Oldmixon's Amores Britannici: Epistles Historical and Gallant

Lawrence Spooner

Henry Brooke's "A Discours upon Je'sting"

John Dennis' The Grounds of Criticism in Poetry

Moses Browne; William Hamilton of Bangour (Scotland); Soame Jenyns; Robert Dodsley; Jean Adams (Scotland)

Joseph Addison's The Campaign, celebrating the Battle of Blenheim

Sir Richard Blackmore's Eliza

Poems by Sarah Kemble Knight (US) in her Journal of Madam Knight

John Philips' Blenheim

Stephen Duck; Archibald Home (US); Nathaniel Cotton

Bernard Mandeville's The Grumbling Hive

Michael Wigglesworth (US)

Isaac Hawkins Browne; William Dunkin

Isaac Watts' Horae Lyricae

Charles Sackville, 6th earl of Dorset; John Phillips (ca.)

Thomas Tickell's Oxford

Daniel Defoe's Britannia

John Philips' Cerealia

Joseph Green (US)

Isaac Watts' Hymns and Spiritual Songs

Charles Wesley

Benjamin Colman's "A Poem on Elijah's Translation"

John Wright (-1727)

John Philips' Cyder

John Collier; Sir Charles Hanbury Williams; George Webb (US); Jane Colman Turell (US)

William King's The Art of Cookery and The Art of Love

Benjamin Tompson's "The Grammarian's Funeral"

Ebenezer Cook's The Sot-Weed Factor (US)

First copyright law in England.

Alexander Pope's Pastorals

Matthew Prior's Poems on Several Occasions

Jonathan Swift's "Description of a City Shower" and "Description of the Morning"

John Armstrong; John Banks; John Dalton; Sneyd Davies; Samuel Johnson; Robert Nugent, earl Nugent

John Philips

Ambrose Philips' "Winter Piece"

George Alexander Stevens; Paul Whitehead; Martha Wadsworth Brewster (US);

Lady Mary Chudleigh

Alexander Pope's Essay on Criticism

John Gambold; Jupiter Hammon (US); Henry Taylor

Sir Richard Blackstone's The Nature of Man

Thomas Ken

Sir Richard Blackmore's Creation: a philosophical poem

Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock published in Lintot's Miscellanies, and enlarged in 1714

Richard Glover; Josiah Relph

William King

Thomas Tickell's The Prospect of Peace

William Diaper's Nereides, or, Sea-Eclogues, Callipaedia, and Dryades

Grace Smith's The Dying Mother's Legacy (US)

William Ronksley

Anne Finch, countess of Winchelsea's Miscellany Poems

Alison Cockburn (Scotland), née Rutherford (?); Thomas Gilbert; George Smith

William Harrison; Thomas Sprat

Edward Young's A Poem on the Last Day

John Gay's Rural Sports

Henry Carey's Poems on Several Occasions

Alexander Pope's Windsor Forest

GEORGE I (-1727)

John Gay's The Shepherd's Week, The Fan, and Letter to a Lady

The Scriblerus Club met January-July, a group including John Gay, Thomas Parnell, Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift

William Shenstone

Bernard Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees (part II in 1729)

John Danforth's poem on Maria Mather

Benjamin Tompson (US)

Alexander Pope's translation of Homer's Iliad, Book I, followed by Books II in 1716, III in 1717, IV in 1718, and V-VI in 1720.

Nicholas Rowe made British Poet Laureate

Isaac Watts' Divine Songs for the Use of Children, including "How doth the little busy Bee"

John Brown; Richard Jago; Richard Graves; William Whitehead

Mary Monck; Nahum Tate

Isaac Watt's "Against Idleness and Mischief" by Lewis Carroll's "How Doth the Little Crocodile" (1866)

John Gay's Trivia or the Art of Walking the Streets of London and Court Poems

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Court Eclogues

Thomas Gray; Donncha Rua Mac Conmara (ca; Canada)

Henry Carey's Sally in our Alley

Alexander Pope's Collected Works, including Eloisa to Abelard

Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford

William Diaper; David Garrick; John Smith

Thomas Tickell's From a Lady in England to a Gentleman at Avignon

Aaron Hill's The Northern Star

Laurence Eusden made British Poet Laureate

Thomas Parnell; Nicholas Rowe

Allan Ramsay's Christ's Kirk on the Green (1716-18) and Scots Songs

John Gay's libretto for Händel's Acis and Galatea

Thomas D'Urfey's Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melancholy (-1720)

Isaac Watts' Psalms of David

James Cawthorn; James Eyre Weeks (?)

Joseph Addison

William Byrd II's Tunbridgalia

John Gay's Poems on Several Occasions and Epistle to Burlington

Francis Fawkes (baptized); Gilbert White; Thomas Mozeen (ca.); Charles Woodmason (?; US)

Anne Finch, countess of Winchilsea

John Ellis' The South Sea Dream

Henry Carey's Poems on Several Occasions

Jonathan Swift's Letter of Advice to a Young Poet

Mark Akenside; William Collins; James Dance; Tobias Smollett; William Wilkie (Scotland)

Matthew Prior

John Gay's Panegyrical Epistle to Mr Thomas Snow

Joseph Addison's Works, in 4 volumes

Thomas Parnell's Poems on Several Occasions, including A Night-Piece on Death

Mary Leapor; Christopher Smart; Joseph Warton (baptized)

Thomas Tickell's Kensington Garden

Allan Ramsay's Fables and Tales and A Tale of Three Bonnets

Thomas D'Urfey; Sarah Fyge

Sir Richard Blackmore's Alfred

David Mallet's "William and Margaret"

Allan Ramsay's Fair Assembly and the 4 volume Tea-Table Miscellany: a Collection of Scots Songs (1723, 1726-27, 1737)

William Livingston (US)

Christopher Anstey; Frances Brooke (baptized); James Grainger (Scotland)

Elkanah Settle

Elizabeth Tollet's Poems on Several Occasions

Daniel Defoe's A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain

Orpheus Caledonius: or a Collection of the Best Scotch Songs, compiled by William Thomson

Alexander Pope's translation of Homer's Odyssey, Books I-III (with William Broome and Elijah Fenton), books IV-V to follow in 1726

Edward Young's Love of Fame, the Universal Passion (1725, 1728)

John Newton; William Mason

Alicia D'Anvers; Nathaniel Crouch (?)

Allan Ramsay's The Gentle Shepherd

Leonard Welsted's Oikographia

Roger Wolcott's Poetical Meditations

Henry Carey's Namby Pamby, including fragments of many still-popular nursery rhymes, such as "London Bridge is broken down"

James Thomson's Winter

Richard Savage's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations

Samuel Bowders (-1771)

GEORGE II (-1760)

John Gay's Fables, I, to be followed by II in 1738, but completed only in 1750.

Alexander Pope's Peri Bathous, or the Art of Sinking in Poetry, a parody of Longinus's treatise on the sublime

James Thomson's Summer

Francis Hawling

William Oldys' A Collection of Epigrams

Henry Baker's The Universe

William Smith (US)

Sarah Kemble Knight (US)

John Gay's Beggar's Opera

Alexander Pope's "The Dunciad, Books I-III, followed by Book IV (the New Dunciad) in 1742, and completed in 1743

James Thomson's Spring

Deborah How Cottnam ("Portia"; US / Canada); Lady Dorothea Du Bois (Ireland); Oliver Goldsmith (?; Ireland); Mercy Otis Warren (US); Thomas Warton the younger

Richardson Pack; Cotton Mather (US)

Richard Savage's The Bastard

Alexander Pope's The Dunciad Variorum

John Cunningham (?); George Keate; Thomas Percy

Sir Richard Blackmore; William Congreve; Edward Taylor

Edward Chicken's The Collier's Wedding

Henry Carey's Poems on Several Occasions

Richard Savage's The Wanderer: A Vision

James Thomson's Britannia

Robert Dodsley's Servitude

Colley Cibber made British Poet Laureate (December 4)

Stephen Duck's Poems

Aaron Hill's The Progress of Wit

James Thomson's The Seasons, including Autumn

John Scott; Nathaniel Weekes (Barbados)

Laurence Eusden; Alexander Pennecuik; John Danforth (US)

Allan Ramsay's A Collection of Thirty Fables

"The Braes of Yarrow" by William Hamilton of Bangour

Edward Young's Tura Epistles to Mr. Pope: Concerning the Authors of the Age

Alexander Pope's Of Taste and four Moral Essays (1731-35)

Jacob Bailey (Canada); Samuel Bishop; William Cowper; Erasmus Darwin; John Freeth; Francis Grose (baptized)

Daniel Defoe; Edward Ward

Samuel Wesley's Maggots

George Webb's Batchelors Hall

John Carr; William Falconer; Thomas Morris; Charles Churchill; William Woty

John Gay; Samuel Jones; George Webb (US)

Jonathan Swift's "The Lady's Dressing Room" by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's "The Dean's Provocation for Writing the Dressing-Room" (1734)

Richard Lewis' Carmen Seculare

Alexander Pope's Imitations of Horace (1733-38)

Paul Whitehead's The State Dunces

Isaac Bickerstaff; Robert Lloyd; Benjamin Youngs Prime (US)

Bernard Mandeville; Edward Littleton

George Farewell

Mercy Wheeler's An Address to Young People

Joseph Green's "The Poet's Lamentation for the Loss of his Cat, which he used to call his muse"

Lewis Morris II's "The Mock Monarchy, or Kingdom of Apes"

Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man (1734-35)

Mary Barber's Poems on Several Occasions

John Maclaurin, Lord Dreghorn; Evan Lloyd (Wales)

John Dennis

Robert Tatersal

Jean Adams' "There's nae Luck about the house" (about this time)

Robert Dodsley's An Epistle to Mr. Pope, Occasion'd by his Essay on Man

William Dunkin's The Poet's Prayer

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's "The Dean's Provocation for Writing the Dressing-Room", about Jonathan Swift's "The Lady's Dressing Room" (1732)

Richard Lewis (US)

Alexander Pope's Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot (January)

William Somervile's The Chace

James Thomson's Liberty, parts I-III ("Italy," "Greece," and "Rome"), followed in 1736 by parts IV-V ("Britain" and "The Prospect")

James Beattie; John Langhorne; William Julius Mickle; James Woodhouse (baptized)

Richard Savage's The Progress of a Divine

Henry Brooke's Universal Beauty

Jane Colman Turell's poems in her Memoirs (US)

Henry Brooke (US); Jane Colman Turell (US)

Isaac Hawkins Browne's A Pipe of Tobacco (parodies)

Charles Jenner; James Macpherson (Scotland)

John Armstrong's Economy of Love, an "explicit sex manual" (James Sambrook)

Alexander Pope's "Imitations of Horace

William Shenstone's Poems upon Various Occasions, including "The School-Mistress"

Jonathan Swift's Poems on Several Occasions

John Wesley's Psalms and Poems

Joseph Mather; Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson (?; US); Francis Hopkinson (US); Jonathan Odell (Canada)

Matthew Green

Richard Glover's Leonides

Matthew Green's The Spleen

Samuel Johnson's London (May 13)

Jonathan Swift's The Beasts' Confession (written 1732)

Mary Darwall; Annis Bourdinot Stockton (US); Edward Thompson (?); Roger Viets (Canada); John Wolcot ('Peter Pindar')

John Banks' Miscellaneous Works in Verse and Prose

E. Dower

Jonathan Swift's Verses on the Death of Dr Swift

John Wesley and Charles Wesley's Hymns and Sacred Poems

Hildebrand Jacob; Samuel Wesley

Richard Glover's London: or, The Progress of Commerce

Mary Collier's The Woman's Labour

John Maylem (?; US)

John Dyer's The Ruins of Rome

James Thomson's Alfred, including "Ode in Honour of Great Britain," that is, "Rule Britannia"

Samuel Henley; Milcah Martha Moore (US); Thomas Moss (?); George Ogilvie (?; US); Joseph Stansbury (US / Canada); Augustus Montagu Toplady

Thomas Tickell; Thomas Foxton

James Dance's Cricket

Christopher Pitt's translation of Virgil's Aeneid

Sarah Dixon's Poems

About this time Thomas Seaton established the Seatonian Prize at Cambridge University for the best poem in English on a religious theme

William Whitehead's The Danger of Writing Verse

Mary Alcock (?)

William Collins' Persian Eclogues

Edward Young's The Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality (1742-46)

Anne Hunter (Scotland); Thomas Penrose; Anna Seward; William Combe ("Doctor Syntax"); Nathaniel Evans (US)

John Oldmixon; William Somervile

Nicholas James

William Somervile's Field Sports

Thomas Gray's "Ode on the Spring," "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College," and "Ode to Adversity" composed

Robert Blair's The Grave

Alexander Pope's The New Dunciad

Anna Laetitia Barbauld; Hannah Cowley; Thomas Jefferson (US); John Huddlestone Wynne

James Bramston; Henry Carey; Josiah Relph; Richard Savage

James Bramston's The Crooked Sixpence

Mark Akenside's Pleasures of Imagination, revised 1757

Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, with "Baa, baa, black sheep"

Joseph Warton's The Enthusiast

John Wesley and Charles Wesley's A Collection of Psalms and Hymns

Alexander Pope; Archibald Home (US)

Paul Whitehead's The Gymnasiad or Boxing Match

Revision of The Seasons by James Thomson

John Armstrong's The Art of Preserving Health

Archibald Home's posthumous Poems

Mather Byles' Poems on Several Occasions

Mark Akenside's Odes on Several Subjects

John Brown's An Essay on Satire

William Crowe; Charles Dibdin; William Hayley; Thomas Holcroft; Hannah More; Charles Morris; Henry James Pye

Jonathan Richardson; Jonathan Swift; Thomas Warton the elder

Andrew Brice's The Play-house-church, known for its neologisms or "Briticisms"

William Collins' Odes on Several Descriptive and Allegoric Subjects (dated 1747)

John Warton's Odes on Various Subjects

Michael Bruce; William Jones

Robert Blair; Edward Chicken; Mary Leapor, from measles; William Byrd II (US); Lewis Morris II (US)

Tobias Smollett's Advice

John Collier's A View of the Lancashire Dialect

John Dobson

Thomas Gray's Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College published (May 30), and "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat" composed

Thomas Warton Jr's The Pleasures of Melancholy

Susanna Blamire (Scotland); John O'Keeffe; John Aikin

Leonard Welsted; Benjamin Colman (US)

Tobias Smollett's Reproof

James Cawthorn's Abelard to Eloisa

Robert Andrews

William Livingston's Philosophic Solitude; or, the Choice of a Rural Life

Robert Dodsley's edition of A Collection of Poems, 1848-58

Mary Leapor's Poems upon Several Occasions (1748-51), posthumously published

James Thomson's The Castle of Indolence

Henry Alline (Canada); Major Henry Livingston, Jr. (US); Hugh Henry Brackenridge (US); John Oakman (?)

Christopher Pitt; James Thomson; Isaac Watts

Poems on Several Occasions by William Hamilton of Bangour (1748-49)

Ambrose Philips' Pastorals

Samuel Johnson's Vanity of Human Wishes

James Graeme; Samuel Jackson Pratt; Charlotte Smith

Ambrose Philips ("Namby-Pamby")

James Thomson's posthumous Poems on Several Occasions

Lady Anne Barnard, née Lindsay (Scotland); Robert Fergusson (Scotland); John Taylor; John Trumbull (US); Catherine Ann Dorset (?)

Aaron Hill; John Winstanley; Hetty Wright

James Kirkpatrick's The Sea-Piece

Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard published

Henrietta Battier (?); Thomas Cary (Canada); Judith Sargent Murray (US)

John Banks; Philip Doddridge

Newmarket, a Satire, by Thomas Warton the younger

Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", by John Duncombe's "An Evening Contemplation in a College" (1753) and Thomas Hood's "The Beadle's Annual Address" (1839)

John Marchant

Moses Browne's The Works and Rest of Creation

Christopher Smart's Poems on Several Occasions

Thomas Chatterton; Philip Morin Freneau (US); Edmund Gardner (?); Joseph Ritson; Samuel Croxall; Ann Eliza Bleecker (US); Timothy Dwight (US); David Humphreys (US)

George Berkeley's A Miscellany

John Wesley and Charles Wesley's Hymns and Spiritual Songs

John Frederick Bryant; George Ellis; William Roscoe; Phillis Wheatley (US) about this time; Sophia Burrell; Ann Yearsley; Richard Snowden (US)

George Berkeley

John Duncombe's "An Evening Contemplation in a College", about Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" (1751)

Christopher Smart's Hilliad

John Duncombe's "An Evening Contemplation in a College", about Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" (1751)

William Smith's Indian Songs of Peace

Thomas Gray's The Progress of Poesy

John Codrington Bampfylde; Joel Barlow (US); George Crabbe; Thomas Maurice; John Williams; Jane Cave (ca.)

Elizabeth Tollet; William Hamilton, of Bangour; James Eyre Weeks; Thomas Mathison

John Gambold's A Collection of Hymns

George Alexander Stevens' The Birth-Day of Folly

James Dance's Poems

George Dyer; George Galloway; Robert Merry ("Della Crusca"); Dorothy Kilner

Philip Doddridge's Hymns

John Dalton's Descriptive Poem

Mary Barber

Joseph Warton's Essay on the Writings and Genius of Pope

Edward Rushton

Stephen Duck, by suicide

Edmund Burke's Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful

John Dyer's The Fleece

Odes by Mr. Gray, including "The Bard"

William Whitehead made British Poet Laureate after Thomas Gray refuses it

William Blake; William Sotheby; Andrew Macdonald (?)

Colley Cibber; Thomas Edwards; Martha Wadsworth Brewster (ca.); John Dyer;

William Wilkie's Epigoniad

Martha Wadsworth Brewster's Poems (New London, Connecticut)

Charles Woodmason's "Indico"

Mark Akenside's Ode to the Country Gentlemen of England

Christopher Smart writes Jubilate Agno (about 1758-63), only published in 1939

Joseph Fawcett (?); William Parsons (?); Mary Robinson (ca.)

Allan Ramsay

John Taylor's poem on marriage, "Paradise Regain'd"

William Whitehead's Verses to the People of England

Horace Walpole's Fugitive Pieces

John Maylem's The Conquest of Louisburg and Gallic Perfidy

ENGLISH UNDER WOLFE WIN QUEBEC

Edward Young's Conjectures on Original Composition (criticism)

Robert Burns; Sarah Wentworth Morton (US)

William Collins; Sir Charles Hanbury Williams

George Alexander Stevens' Collection of New Comic Songs

Christopher Smart's "Jubilate Agno" (ca. 1759-63) by Gavin Ewart's "Jubilate Matteo" (1982) and Wendy Cope's "My Lover" (1986)

GEORGE II (-1820)

James Macpherson's Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in the Highlands

The Famous Tommy Thumb's Little Story-book, with "Little Boy Blue"

Richard Polwhele

Isaac Hawkins Browne; Henry Dixon

Jupiter Hammon's "An Evening Thought," the first published poem by an African American (1761), a slave owned by a man in Long Island, America

James Beattie's Original Poems

George Keate's Ancient and Modern Rome

William Woty's The Shrubs of Parnassus

Mary Darwall's Original Poems (as Mary Whateley)

Charles Churchill's The Rosciad and The Apology

James Cawthorn; William Oldys

Soames Jenyns' Miscellaneous Pieces

Francis Fawkes' Original Poems and Translations

William Woty's Campanalogia: A Poem in Praise of Ringing

William Whitehead's A Charge to the Poets

Charles Churchill's "The Ghost, Books I-III, followed by Book IV in 1763

William Falconer's The Shipwreck, revised in 1764 and 1769

James Macpherson's Fingal, an Ancient Epic Poem

Joanna Baillie; James Bisset (?); William Lisle Bowles; Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges; George Colman the younger; Thomas Russell; Susanna Rowson (US)

Mary Collier; Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, of breast cancer

Mary Collier's Poems on Several Occasions

Isaac Bickerstaff's song "The Miller of Dee" is his libretto for Love in a Village

Robert Lloyd's Poems

Hugh Blair's A Critical Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian

James Macpherson's Temora

Christopher Smart's Song to David

John Hurdis; James Hurdis; Samuel Rogers

John Byrom; John Dalton; William Shenstone

Charles Hanbury Williams' A Collection of Poems

William Woty's The Blossoms of Helicon

George Keate's The Alps

Charles Churchill's The Author

Elizabeth Cobbold; John Thelwall; Joseph Brown Ladd (US); Mather Byles; Mary Lamb

Charles Churchill; Robert Dodsley; Robert Lloyd

Oliver Goldsmith's The Traveller

James Grainger's The Sugar Cane

George Keate's The Ruins of Netley Abbey

William Shenstone's Works in Verse and Prose

Lady Dorothea Du Bois' Poems

James Woodhouse's Poems

Benjamin Youngs Prime's The Patriotic Muse

Samuel Johnson's Preface to Shakespeare's Plays

James Macpherson's Works of Ossian

Mother Goose's Melody, including "Hush-a-bye, baby, on the tree top" and "Ding, dong, bell"

Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, in 3 volumes

Christopher Smart's translation of The Psalms of David; and Smart's Hymns

Manoah Bodman (US); William Taylor

Jean Adams; William Dunkin; David Mallet; Edward Young; Sarah Dixon (US)

Alison Cockburn's "Flowers of the Forest"

George Cockings' War

Nathaniel Weekes (Barbados)

Isaac D'Israeli's The Literary Character

Laurence Hynes Halloran (US); Isaac D'Israeli (US)

Robert Andrews; John Brown; Thomas Gilbert

Oliver Goldsmith's "When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly" by Phoebe Cary's "When Lovely Woman" (1854)

Christopher Anstey's The New Bath Guide

Evan Lloyd's The Powers of the Pen

John Cunningham's Poems

Oliver Goldsmith's novel The Vicor of Wakefield, with the poems "Edwin and Angelina," "An Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog," and "When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly"

Frederick Forrest; Charles Newton

John Wesley and Charles Wesley's Hymns for the Use of Families

John Quincy Adams (US), 6th President of the United States

Michael Bruce; Leonard Howard; James Grainger (Scotland); Roger Wolcott; Nathaniel Evans

Edward Thompson's A Sailor's Letters

Richard Jago's Edge Hill or the Rural Prospect

John Singleton's A Description of the West Indies

Thomas Gray's Poems, including "The Fatal Sisters" and "The Descent of Odin"

Lady Mary Montagu's Poetical Works

William Shepherd; Sarah Catherine Martin

Thomas Mozeen

George Keate's Ferney: an epistle to Monsr. de Voltaire

Alexander Ross' The Fortunate Shepherdess

Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson's The Dream of the Patriotic Philosophical Farmer

Milcah Martha Moore's "The Female Patriots"

Annis Boudinot Stockton's "To the Visitant, from a Circle of Ladies"

John Freeth wrote popular occasional songs to be sung at his coffee house (the Leicester Arm), Birmingham

Isaac Bickerstaff's song "Dear heart, what a terrible life I have led" in The Padlock

DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA

Ann Batten Cristall; John Hookham Frere; Amelia Opie

Sneyd Davies

Thomas Moss' Poems, with "Beggar's Petition"

John Gerrard

Oliver Goldsmith's The Deserted Village

George Canning; Joseph Cottle; James Hogg; William Wordsworth

Mark Akenside; Thomas Chatterton, by accidental overdose of arsenic and opium; William Falconer; James Kirkpatrick; Francis Williams (ca.; Jamaica)

George Smith's Six Pastorals

Michael Bruce's Poems

James Beattie's The Minstrel; or, The Progress of Genius, Book I, followed in 1774 by Book II

Thomas John Dibdin; James Montgomery (Scotland); Sir Walter Scott; Sydney Smith; Dorothy Wordsworth

Samuel Bowden; John Gambold; Thomas Gray; Christopher Smart; Tobias Smollett

Lady Anne Barnarb's "Auld Robin Gray"

Hugh Henry Brackenridge's and Philip Freneau's "A Poem on the Rising Glory of America"

William Jones' Poems...from the Asiatick Languages

John Trumbull's The Progress of Dulness (1772-73)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Oct. 21)

James Graeme; William Wilkie

William Mason's The English Garden, in 4 volumes 1772-81

Charles Jenner's Town Eclogues

Nathaniel Evans' Poems

Anna Laetitia Barbauld's Poems

Phillis Wheatley's Poems, the first book of poetry by an Afro-American slave, including "On Being Brought from Africa to America"

Robert Treat Paine (US); David Hitchcock (US)

Andrew Brice; John Cunningham; Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield

Robert Fergusson's Poems and Auld Reekie

John Byrom's Miscellaneous Poems

William Mason's Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers

John Collier's Human Passions Delineated

History of English Poetry by Thomas Warton, the younger, in 3 vols., 1774-1781

Oliver Goldsmith's Retaliation; a poem

Robert Southey

Henry Baker; James Dance; Lady Dorothea Du Bois; Robert Fergusson; Oliver Goldsmith; Charles Jenner; Paul Whitehead

James Langhorne's County Justice

Charles Lamb; Walter Savage Landor; Matthew Gregory Lewis (Monk Lewis); John Leyden; Joseph Blanco White; Mary Balfour; Elizabeth Turner (?); Richard Scrafton Sharpe (ca.)

Philip Freneau's "The Political Litany"

John Trumbull's M'Fingal

AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (JULY 4)

Evan Lloyd; George Smith; Charles Woodmason (?)

"The Ballad of Nathan Hale" (anon.)

George Ogilvie's Carolina; or, The Planter

Augustus Montague Toplady's "Rock of Ages"

Richard Graves' Euphrosyne

Jonathan Richardson's Morning Thoughts

Adelaide O'Keeffe

Thomas Chatterton's Poems, supposed to have been Written at Bristol by Thomas Rowley, edited by Thomas Tyrwhitt

Thomas Campbell (Scotland)

Francis Fawkes

William Combe's The Diaboliad

Collected Poems by Thomas Warton the younger

Jamaica (anon.)

Sir Humphry Davy; William Hazlitt; John Kirke Paulding (US); Lady Morgan, née Sydney Owenson (?); Anna Maria Porter

Augustus Montagu Toplady

Timothy Dwight's "Columbia"

Francis Hopkinson's "The Battle of the Kegs"

Samuel Johnson's The Works of the English Poets (1779-81), 52 critical biographies

Washington Allston (US); Francis Scott Key (US); Clement Clarke Moore (US); Thomas Moore

John Armstrong; David Garrick; John Langhorne; Thomas Penrose; Kenrick Prescot

John Newton's "Amazing Grace" by Neil Curry's "Voyages. II of Mr John Newton" (1988)

Olney Hymns by William Cowper and John Newton

J. Wilde

George Crabbe's The Candidate

George Croly

David Humphreys' A Poem, Addressed to the Armies of the United States of America

Anna Seward's "Elegy on Captain Cook"

Joseph Green

Jonathan Odell's The American Times

George Crabbe's The Library

Ebenezer Elliott; Lucy Aikin

Richard Jago

William Hayley's Triumphs of Temper

Thomas Penrose's Poems

William Cowper's Poems

Ann Taylor

Lyric Odes to the Royal Academicians for 1782 by John Wolcot ('Peter Pindar')

Henry Alline's Hymns and Spiritual Songs (vol. II, 1786)

PEACE OF VERSAILLES: ENGLAND RECOGNIZES USA

William Blake's Poetical Sketches

Jane Cave's Poems on Various Subjects

George Crabbe's The Village

Orlando Furioso, translated by John Hoole

Reginald Heber; Washington Irving (US); Jane Taylor

Henry Brooke; John Scott; Ann Eliza Bleecker (US)

Poems, on subjects arising in England at the West Indies, by the Rector of St. John's at Nevis

Poems, on subjects arising in England at the West Indies, by the Rector of St. John's at Nevis

Leigh Hunt; Bernard Barton; Samuel Woodworth (US)

Henry Alline (Canada); Samuel Johnson; Alexander Ross; George Alexander Stevens; Phillis Wheatley

Sir William Jones' Odes to Hindu Deities (-1788)

Hannah More's The Bas Bleu or Conversation

Henry James Pye's Shooting and Aerophorion

Charlotte Smith's Elegiac Sonnets

William Cowper's The Task in 6 Books

Thomas Warton the younger made British Poet Laureate

Lady Caroline Lamb; Thomas Love Peacock; John Pierpont (US)

Richard Glover; Henry Taylor; William Whitehead

Ann Yearsley's Poems, On Several Occasions

John Wolcot's Lousiad ('Peter Pindar')

Timothy Dwight's The Conquest of Canaan

William Parsons

Jacob Bailey's "The Adventures of Jack Ramble, the Methodist Preacher"

Robert Burns' Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (2nd edition 1787); and "To a Haggis"

Philip Morin Freneau's Poems

Barron Field (Australia)

Anne Hecht (Canada)

John Collier; Edward Thompson; Joseph Brown Ladd (US)

Joseph Brown Ladd's The Poems of Arouet

The Anarchiad (-1787)

Hannah Cowley's The Scottish Village or Pitcairn Green

Thomas Morris' Songs

Richard Henry Dana (US); Margaret Davidson (US); Mary Russell Mitford; Bryan Waller Procter (Barry Cornwall; Brit.)

Moses Browne; Soame Jenyns

Ann Yearsley's Poems, on Various Subjects

Joseph Mather's song "Watkinson and his Thirteens"

Scots Musical Museum, edited by Robert Burns (-1803)

Joel Barlow's The Vision of Columbus

Henry James Pye's Poems

Edward Rushton's The West Indian Eclogues

L. Ker

John Wilcot's Poetical Works ('Peter Pindar')

R. H. Barham; George Gordon, Lord Byron; Sarah Josepha Hale (US); Theodore Hook

William Julius Mickle; Robert Nugent, lord Nugent; Thomas Russell; Charles Wesley; Nathaniel Cotton; John Huddlestone Wynne

William Crowe's Lewesdon Hill

Hannah More's Slavery

Samuel Jackson Pratt's Sympathy

James Hurdis' The Village Curate

Philip Morin Freneau's "The Indian Burial Ground"

Roger Viets's Anapolis Royal

GEORGE WASHINGTON BECOMES PRESIDENT OF USA

William Blake's Songs of Innocence and The Book of Thel

Erasmus Darwin's The Loves of the Plants, republished in 1791 as The Botanic Garden, part II

Charlotte Elliott; William Knox (Scotland); Thomas Pringle (South Africa); Richard Henry Wilde (US); Hannah Gould (US)

Frances Brooke; Frances Greville

Thomas Jefferson's "Thoughts on English Prosody" (essay)

William Lisle Bowles' Fourteen Sonnets

John Williams' Poems, 2 volumes ("Anthony Pasquin")

Thomas Russell's Sonnets

Thomas Cary's Abram's Plains

William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

Henry James Pye made British Poet Laureate

Literary Fund Society established by David Williams (by 1818 the Royal Literary Fund) to aid indigent authors

Fitz-Greene Halleck (US)

Andrew Macdonald; Thomas Warton the younger, by a stroke

Thomas Morris' The Busy Bee

Sarah Wentworth Morton's Ouabi; or the Virtues of Nature

John Freeth's songs in The Political Songster

Joanna Baillie's Poems

Mercy Otis Warren's Poems

Anna Laetitia Barbauld's Eighteen Hundred and Eleven

William Blake's The French Revolution

Robert Burns' Tam o'Shanter

Erasmus Darwin's The Botanic Garden, part I ("The Economy of Vegetation")

Mother Goose's Melodies (originally published about 1781)

John Howard Payne (US); Lydia Huntley Sigourney (US); Charles Wolfe (Ireland)

John Frederick Bryant; John Ellis; Francis Grose; John Wesley; William Woty; Benjamin Youngs Prime (US); John Singleton (US); Francis Hopkinson (US)

Mary Robinson's Poems (-1794)

William Cowper's translation of Homer's Iliad

Henrietta Battier's The Protected Fugitives

John Learmont

William Blake's Song of Liberty

Samuel Rogers' The Pleasures of Memory

John Frederick William Herschel; Percy Bysshe Shelley; William Howitt

William Blake's Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America, A Prophecy

Robert Burns' Poems

William Wordsworth's An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches

John Clare; Felicia Dorothea Hemans; Henry Francis Lyte; John Neal (US); Standish O'Grady (Canada) about this year

Gilbert White; John Oakman

Elihu Hubbard Smith's American Poems (first native anthology)

Sophia Burrell's Poems in 2 vols.

Joel Barlow's The Hasty-Pudding

Ann Eliza Bleecker's Posthumous Works

John Parrish

William Blake's Songs of Experience, with "The Tyger," the "most anthologized text" in English [Robert N. Essick], Europe, A Prophecy, and The First Book of Urizen

Maria Gowen Brooks (?; US); William Cullen Bryant (US); Oliver Goldsmith (Canada); John Hamilton Reynolds; Carlos Wilcox (US)

Susanna Blamire; Alison Cockburn

William Blake's "The Tyger" by Basil Bunting's "13. Fearful Symmetry" (1965) and A. K. Ramanujan's "Zoo Gardens Revisited" (1986)

Mary Darwall's Poems

Timothy Dwight's Greenfield Hill

William Blake's The Book of Los, The Book of Ahania, The Song of Los, and The Songs of Innocence and Experience

Philip Morin Freneau's Poems

Robin Hood: A Collection of all the Ancient Poems, edited by Joseph Ritson

Thomas Carlyle; George Darley; Joseph Rodman Drake (US); John Keats; James Gates Percival; Janet Thomson (Scotland); Daniel Bryan (US)

Samuel Bishop; John MacLaurin, lord Dreghorn

Ann Batten Cristall's Poetical Sketches

Joseph Cottle's Poems

Robert Treat Paine's The Invention of Letters

Richard Snowden's The Columbiad; or, a Poem on the American War

James Kennedy

Joel Barlow's The Hasty Pudding

S. T. Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects

John Gardiner Calkins Brainard (US); Hartley Coleridge; Eliza Dunlop (Australia)

Robert Burns, at 37 from rheumatic heart disease; Thomas Cole; John Maclaurin, lord Dreghorn; James Macpherson, buried in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey; John Codrington Bampfylde

Robert Burns composed "Comin thro' the Rye", parodied by James Clerk Maxwell's "In Memory of Edward Wilson" (1882)

Thomas Morris' Quashy or the coal-black Maid

Samuel Bishop's Poetical Works

Anna Seward's Llangollen Vale

William Blake illustrates Edward Young's Night Thoughts

S. T. Coleridge composes "Kubla Khan" in an opium-induced dream and writes down only a fragment of it on waking; and an enlarged Poems

Robert Southey's Poems

Thomas Haynes Bayley; George Moses Horton (US), about this time; William Motherwell (Scotland); James W. Eastburn (US)

George Keate; William Mason; Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford

Robert Burns's "For a' That and a' That" by Shirley Brooks's "For a' That and a' That" (1868)

Gebir by Walter Savage Landor

My Nightgown and Slippers by George Colman the younger

The Anti-Jacobin (-1798), with verse parodier by George Canning

J. Mackay's Quebec Hill

Prime Minister George Canning and J. H. Frere parody Erasmus Darwin's The Loves of the Plants in their "The Loves of the Triangles"

first edition of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (with Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner), revised in 1800 and 1802

Macdonald Clarke (US); Samuel Henry Dickson (US); David Macbeth Moir (Scotland)

Mary Alcock; Edmund Gardner; Robert Merry

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" (composed this year) by Stevie Smith's "Thoughts about the Person from Porlock" (1962)

Blank Verse by Charles Lamb and Charles Lloyd, including Lamb's "The Old-Familiar Faces"

Sarah Wentworth Morton's Beacon Hill

Robert Treat Paine's The Ruling Passion

Thomas Campbell's The Pleasures of Hope

A. Bronson Alcott (US); Thomas Hood; Mary Howitt; John Dunmore Lang (Australia)

Robert Southey's "The Old Man's Complaints" by Lewis Carroll's "You are Old, Father William" (1866)

Mary Alcock's Poems

William Julius Mickle's Poetical Works

Anna Seward's Original Sonnets

Robert Burns' The Jolly Beggars

Thomas Campbell's The Pleasures of Hope

Walter Savage Landor's Poems from the Arabic and Persian

the life and works of Robert Burns published

Thomas Babington Macaulay; Maria Jane Jewsbury; Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (US)

William Cowper; Mary Robinson; Joseph Warton

William Wordsworth's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways" by Hartley Coleridge's "He lived amidst th' untrodden ways" (1869), Phoebe Cary's "Jacob" (1854), and W. D. Snodgrass's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways -- de/composed from Wordsworth" (2001)

James Hurdis' The Favourite Village

Mary Robinson's Lyrical Tales

THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRESIDENT OF USA

Thomas Moore's Poetical Works by the Late Thomas Little

Robert Southey's Thalaba the Destroyer

William Barnes; Thomas Cole (US); John Henry Newman; Caroline Clive; William Hosack (Scotland)

James Hurdis; Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson; Annis Boudinot Stockton; George Ogilvie

Hugh Henry Brackenridge's "Scots Poems"

John Thelwall's Poems Chiefly Written in Retirement

Ancient English Metrical Romances, edited by Joseph Ritson

S. T. Coleridge's "Dejection: An Ode"

Walter Savage Landor's Poetry by the Author of Gebir

Amelia Opie's Poems

Sir Walter Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802-03), an anthology of ballads, in two volumes

Lydia Maria Child (US); Sara Coleridge (daughter of S.T.C.); Letitia Elizabeth Landon ("L.E.L."); George Pope Morris (US); Edward Coote Pinkney (US); Winthrop Mackworth Praed; Isaac Williams; Henry Horne (Australia)

Erasmus Darwin; Sophia Burrell; George Cockings (US); Mather Byles

Broad Grins by George Colman the younger

Anne Hunter's Poems

Adam Kidd's The Huron Chief

Thomas Lovell Beddoes; Ralph Waldo Emerson (US); Robert Stephen Hawker; William E. Hickson; James Clarence Mangan (Ireland); Susanna Moodie (Canada); Griselda Tonge (Canada); Sarah Helen Whitman (US)

James Beattie; Joseph Ritson; William Smith

Charles Dibdin's Professional Life, 4 vols. with 600 sing lyrics

Erasmus Darwin's The Temple of Nature, or, The Origin of Society

William Blake's Jerusalem, completed in 1820 and his Milton, completed in 1808 ( printed in 1810-11), including "And did those feet in ancient time"

Ann Taylor and Jane Taylor's Original Poems for Infant Minds

William Wordsworth's "Daffodils"

Nathaniel Hawthorne (US); Joseph Howe (Canada); Francis Sylvester Mahony, aka Father Prout; Charles Whitehead

Joseph Fawcett; Richard Graves; Joseph Mather

James Woodhouse's Love Letters to my Wife in Verse (written 1789)

David Humphreys' Poem on the Industry of the United States of America

Susanna Rowson's Miscellaneous Poems

Thomas Moore's "The Canadian Boat Song"

H. F. Cary's translation of Dante's Inferno

The Comic Adventures of Old Mother Hubbard and her Dog

Sir Roger Newdigate founds the Newdigate Prize for English Poetry at Oxford

Sir Walter Scott's "The Lay of the Last Minstrel"

Robert Southey's Madoc

William Wordsworth finishes a first version of "The Prelude: or, Growth of a Poet's Mind in 13 Books

Sarah Fuller Flower, née Adams (Representative Poetry Online)

Christopher Anstey (with a monument in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey); Sophia Burrell

Lord Byron's Fugitive Pieces

Walter Savage Landor's Simonidea

Thomas Moore's Epistles, Odes, and Other Poems

Sir Walter Scott's Ballads and Lyrical Pieces

Jane Taylor's and Ann Taylor's Rhymes for the Nursery, including "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"

Elizabeth Barrett, later Browning; William Gilmore Simms (US); Nathaniel Parker Willis (US); Elizabeth Oakes Smith (US); Sarah Mapps Douglass ("Ella") (US); Maria W. Chapman (US)

Deborah How Cottnam ("Portia"; US / Canada); Jupiter Hammon (before this year); Thomas Morris (?); Charlotte Smith; Ann Yearsley

Ann and Jane Taylor's "The Star" by Lewis Carroll's "Twinkle, twinkle, little bat" (1866)

James Montgomery's The Wanderer of Switzerland

Edward Rushton's Will Clewline

David Hitchcock's Poetical Works

William Roscoe's The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast, a children's classic

Joel Barlow's The Columbiad

Lord Byron's Hours of Idleness and Poems on Various Occasions

George Crabbe's Poems and "The Parish Register"

Thomas Moore's Irish Melodies

William Wordsworth's Poems in Two Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations of Immortality"

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (India); Henry Wadsworth Longfellow; John Greenleaf Whittier (US); Thomas Miller; Eliza Earle (US); Elizabeth Margarat Chandler (US)

John Carr; John Newton

William Wordsworth's "The Solitary Reaper" by Lorna Goodison's "To Mr. William Wordsworth, Distributor of Stamps for Westmoreland" (1999)

William Wordsworth's "Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland" by James Kenneth Stephen's "A Sonnet" (1891)

Charlotte Smith's Beachy Head

James Hogg's The Mountain Bard

Sir Walter Scott's Marmion, A Tale of Flodden Field

Lucretia Maria Davidson; Evan MacColl (Canada); Mary E. Hewitt (US)

Jacob Bailey (Canada); Isaac Bickerstaffe (after); John Freeth; Thomas Moss

William Blake's "And did those feet in ancient time" by David Wojahn's "Till we have built Jerusalem (Guyana, 1976)" (1997) and David Herbert Lawrence's "Dark Satanic Mills" (1932)

Thomas Moore's Irish Melodies (-1834)

Felicia Dorothea Hemans' Poems

William Cullen Bryant's The Embargo; or, Sketches of the Times

Donncha Rua Mac Conmara (Canada)

Lord Byron's "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers; Byron spent the next two years abroad, notably in Greece

T. Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Friend 1809-10

Charles Lamb's and Mary Lamb's Poetry for Children

John Barr (New Zealand); David Bates (US); Thomas Holley Chivers (US); Edward FitzGerald; Kasiprasad Ghose (India); Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (US); Abraham Lincoln (US); Monckton Milnes; Edgar Allan Poe (US); Alfred Lord Tennyson; Park Benjamin (US); Heinrich Hoffman; Frances Anne Butler Kemble (US)

Hannah Cowley; Thomas Holcroft; Anna Seward; Joseph Stansbury (Canada)

Thomas Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming

Philip Freneau's Poems Written and Published during the American Revolution

William Blake's engravings for Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

Gammer Gurton's Garland or the Nursery Parnassus, including "Little Bo-peep has lost her sheep"

George Crabbe's The Borough in 24 epistles, including one on "Peter Grimes, a poem based on Aldeburgh

Sir Walter Scott's "The Lady of the Lake

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire and Zastrozzi

Margaret Fuller (US); William Miller (Scotland); Edmund Hamilton Sears (US); Martin Farquhar Tupper

Robert Southey's The Curse of Kehama

Walter Scott edits Anna Seward's poetical works

Jane Taylor's Hymns for Infant Minds

Sir Walter Scott's The Vision of Don Roderick

Oxford University expells Percy Bysshe Shelley

Arthur Hallam; William Makepeace Thackeray; Jane Euphemia Browne (Aunt Effie); Francis Macnamara ('Frank the Poet') (Australia); Frances Sargent Locke Osgood (US)

John Leyden; Robert Treat Paine (US); Thomas Percy; Roger Viets (Canada)

S. T. Coleridge's "On Donne's Poem `To a Flea'", about John Donne's "The Flea" (1633; probably composed ca. 1600)

Anna Maria Porter's Ballad Romances

Joseph Mather's Songs

Hugh Henry Brackenridge's Epistle to Walter Scott

Lord Byron's Childe Harold, Parts I-II, and The Curse of Minerva

H. F. Cary's translation of Dante's Purgatorio and Paradiso

Robert Southey's and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Omniana (prose)

Robert Browning; Charles Dickens; Rebekah Gumpert Hyneman (US); Edward Lear; W. J. Linton (US)

Joel Barlow

Anna Laetitia Barbauld's Eighteen Hundred and Eleven

William Combe's comic The Tour of Doctor Syntax

Matthew Gregory (Monk) Lewis' Poems

James Montgomery's The World before the Flood

Lord Byron's The Bride of Abydos and The Giaour

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Remorse

Sir Walter Scott's Rokeby and The Bride of Triermain

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Queen Mab

Robert Southey made British Poet Laureate

William Edmondstone Aytoun (Scotland); Charles Timothy Brooks (US); Christopher Pearse Cranch (US); Epes Sargent (US); Jones Very (US); Charles Harpur (Australia)

Henrietta Battier; Jane Cave; Henry James Pye

James Hogg's The Queen's Wake (-1814)

Elizabeth Cobbold's Cliff Valentines (-1814)

Thomas Whitaker first edits Piers Plowman (C-text)

Thomas John Dibdin's Metrical History

Daniel Bryan's The Mountain Muse

James Kirke Paulding's The Lay of the Scotch Fiddle

Lord Byron's The Corsair, "Lara, and Ode to Napoleon

Augusta Gordon bore her half-brother Lord Byron's daughter

Francis Scott Key on Sept. 14 writes "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the British attack on Baltimore, Maryland

Robert Southey's Roderick, the Last of the Goths

William Wordsworth's The Excursion

Sarah Tittle Bolton, née Barrett; Charlotte Eliza Dixon (fl.-1830); James Joseph Sylvester; Aubrey Thomas De Vere; Sarah Louisa Forten ("Ada") (US)

Charles Dibdin; Samuel Jackson Pratt; Edward Rushton; Mercy Otis Warren (US)

Lord Byron's Hebrew Melodies, including "The Destruction of Sennacherib"; also his Parisina and The Siege of Corinth

Marriage of Lord Byron to Annabella Milbanke

Philip Morin Freneau's Poems on American Affairs

Leigh Hunt was jailed (1815-17) for criticizing the Prince Regent in The Examiner

Sir Walter Scott's The Lord of the Isles

William Wordsworth's Poems

Daniel Decatur Emmett (US)

George Ellis; Samuel Henley

The Burns Mausoleum is built in St. Michael's Churchyard, Dumfries

Lydia Sigourney's Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse

James Kirke Paulding's The United States and England

Lord Byron's The Prisoner of Chillon and other Poems, Childe Harold, Part III; he leaves England permanently for Geneva

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Christabel and Other Poems, including "Kubla Khan"

Leigh Hunt publishes an essay on Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats in The Examiner, and The Story of Rimini

John Keats is certified as an apothecary and publishes "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer"

Percy Bysshe Shelley marries Mary Woolstonecraft Godwin

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Alastor and Other Poems; he writes "Hymn to Intellectual Beauty" and "Mont Blanc"

Robert Southey's A Poet's Pilgrimage to Waterloo

Philip James Bailey; Charlotte Brontë; Shirley Brooks; Frances Brown (Browne); Josiah D. Canning (US); Philip Pendleton Cooke (US); Charles Heavysege (Canada); Douglas Huyghue ("Eugene"; Canada)

Hugh Henry Brackenridge (US)

John Hamilton Reynolds' The Naiad

Charles Wolfe composes "The Burial of Sir John Moore" (published 1817)

James Hogg's book of parodies, The Poetic Mirror

Lord Byron's Manfred and The Lament of Tasso

S. T. Coleridge's Biographia Literaria, Vol. I

John Keats' Poems

John Gibson Lockhart in the October Blackwood's Magazine vilifies the "Cockney School of Poetry," said to include Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, John Keats and others

Thomas Moore's Lalla Rookh

Sir Walter Scott's Harold the Dauntless

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Laon and Cythna

William Kirby (Canada); Cornelius Mathews (US); John McPherson (Canada); Henry David Thoreau (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Ann Batten Cristall (this year or after); Catherine Ann Dorset (?); Timothy Dwight

George Croly's Paris in 1815

William Cullen Bryant's "Thanatopsis"

Lord Byron's "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Book IV, and Beppo

John Wilson Croker's anonymous review attacks John Keats' Endymion in the Quarterly Review

William Hazlitt's Lectures on the English Poets

Leigh Hunt's Foliage

John Keats' Endymion published; he falls in love with Fanny Brawne (1800-65) and writes his great odes this year and the next

Thomas Love Peacock's Rhododaphne

Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Revolt of Islam, originally Laon and Cythna (1817); he leaves England.

Cecil Frances Alexander, née Humphreys; Emily Brontë; William Ellery Channing (US); Eliza Cook; George Copway (Kah-Ge-Ga-Gah-Bowh; Canada); Elizabeth F. Ellet (US); James Edward Fitzgerald (New Zealand); Alexander McLachlan (Canada); John Mason Neale

David Humphreys; Matthew Gregory Lewis; Thomas Morris (?); Jonathan Odell (Canada); John Williams

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ozymandias" by Richard Watson Gilder's "Shelley's 'Ozymandias'" (1908) and Adrian Henri's "From an Antique Land" (1994)

Isaac D'Israeli's The Literary Character (-1828)

James Kirke Paulding's The Backwoodsman

Lord Byron's Mazeppa and "Don Juan, I and II

John Keats falls sick and his writing ceases after "To Autumn" in September

Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Cenci and Rosalind and Helen; he writes "Ode to the West Wind" on October 1819 in a wood by the Arno River near Florence

William Wordsworth's Peter Bell and The Waggoner

A. H. Clough; Thomas Dunn English (US); Mary Ann Evans (pseud. "George Eliot"); Josiah Gilbert Holland (US); Julia Ward Howe (US); Charles Kingsley; James Russell Lowell (US); Herman Melville (US); Joseph Medlicott Scriven; William Wetmore Story (US); Walt Whitman (US); Mary Balfour; Caroline Carleton (Australia)

John Wolcot ('Peter Pindar'); James W. Eastburn (US)

William Wordsworth's "Peter Bell" by Hartley Coleridge's "Peter Bell"

Hartley Coleridge's "Peter Bell" about William Wordsworth's "Peter Bell" (1819)

George Crabbe's Tales of the Hall

Samuel Rogers' Human Life

Barron Field's First Fruits of Australian Poetry

John Leyden's Poetical Works

John Hamilton Reynolds' Peter Bell

Lady Caroline Lamb's parody of Byron's Don Juan, A New Canto

Fitz-Greene Halleck and Joseph Rodman Drake, Poems

John Neal's Otho

Richard Henry Wilde's "Lament of the Captive"

GEORGE III (-1830)

Elizabeth Barrett's The Battle of Marathon

John Clare's Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery and The Village Minstrel

Introduction of the limerick in The History of Sixteen Wonderful Old Women

John Keats' Lamia, The Eve of St. Agnes, Hyperion, and Other Poems

Thomas Love Peacock's The Four Ages of Poetry, which sparked Shelley to write his Defence of Poetry

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Prometheus Unbound and Other Poems, and his essay on a philosophical view of reform (published in 1920)

William Wordsworth's The River Duddon and Vaudracour and Julia

formation of the Apostles, a Cambridge intellectual society

Anne Brontë; Henry Howard Brownell (US); Alice Patty Lee Cary (US); John Harris (Cornwall); John Henry Hopkins, Jr. (US); Jean Ingelow; William J. Macquorn Rankine (Scotland); Menella Bute Smedley; Ann Plato (?; US); Margaret Junkin Preston (US)

Joseph Rodman Drake (US); William Hayley; James Woodhouse; Judith Sargent Murray (US)

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" by Louis Ginsberg's "Special Delivery Letter to Shelley" (1937)

John Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" by Edna St. Vincent Millay's "VI Over the Hollow Land" (1939) and Tom Clark's "Fate Taint" (1994)

John Keats's "La Belle Dame sans Merci" by Edwin Muir's "The Enchanted Knight" (1937), Charles Reznikoff's "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (1989), and Mimi Khalvati's "La Belle Dame" (1991)

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, act II, scene v, by Phoebe Cary's "The Annoyer" (1854)

James W. Eastburn's Yamoden, A Tale of the Wars of King Philip

Maria Gowen Brooks' Judith, Esther, and Other Poems

Bernard Barton's Poems

William Cullen Bryant's Poems

John Clare's The Village Minstrel

John Hamilton Reynolds' The Garden of Florence

Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes Epipsychidion and Adonais (on the death of John Keats) and writes his Defence of Poetry

Robert Southey's A Vision of Judgement

Charles Baudelaire (France; Academy of American Poets Web site; US) Isabella Banks, née Varley; Frederick Locker Lampson; Maria White Lowell (US); Frederick Goddard Tuckerman (US)

Anne Hunter; John Keats (Feb., in Rome), of tuberculosis

Byron's Sardanapalus, The Two Foscari, and Cain

Joanna Baillie's Metrical Legends

James Gates Percival's Poems

Lady Caroline Lamb's Gordon: A Tale

James Hillhouse's The Judgment, a Vision

Lord Byron's Werner and his review of Robert Southey's "The Vision of Judgement" in The Liberal

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Hellas"

Matthew Arnold; Thomas Buchanan Read (US); Charles Sangster (Canada); James Monroe Whitfield (US); Elizabeth Anna Hart

Percy Bysshe Shelley, in August, by drowning; John Aikin

James Hogg's Poetical Works, 4 vols.

William Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Sketches

James Gates Percival's Prometheus

Lord Byron's Don Juan, VI-XIV, and Vision of Judgement

"An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas" (attributed Major Henry Livingston, Jr.)

John H. Payne's "Home Sweet Home" written, the theme song of Sir Henry Rowley Bishop's opera Clari

George Henry Boker (US); William Johnson Cory; Margaret Miller Davidson (US); James Mathewes Legaré; Coventry Patmore; William Brighty Rands; Anna Letitia Waring; Elizabeth Drew Stoddard (US); Julia A. Carney; Sara Jane Clarke Lippincott (Grace Greenwood) (US)

Thomas Cary (Canada); William Combe ('Doctor Syntax'); Charles Wolfe

Sarah J. Hale's The Genius of Oblivion

Lord Byron's Don Juan, XV-XVI, and The Deformed Transformed

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "The Triumph of Life"

William Allingham (Ireland); Sabine Baring-Gould; Phoebe Cary (US); Sydney Thompson Dobell; Charles Godfrey Leland (US); George MacDonald (Scotland); George Boyer Vashon (US); Lucy Larcom (US); Adeline D. T. Whitney (US)

Lord Byron, by fever in Greece; Elizabeth Cobbold; Thomas Maurice; Jane Taylor; Susanna Rowson (US)

Wilham Knox's The Songs of Israel, including "Mortality"

Letitia Landon's The Improvisatrice

George Longmore's The Charivari

Peter John Allan (Canada); John Askham; Caroline Cheseborough (US); Henrietta Anne Huxley; Thomas Henry Huxley; Thomas D'Arcy McGee (Canada); Albert Midlane; Adelaide Anne Procter; Bayard Taylor (US); Frances Ellen Watkins (US)

Lady Anne Barnard; Anna Laetitia Barbauld; Mary Darwall; Lucretia Maria Davidson; William Knox (Scotland); Richard Snowden (US); Pamelia Vining Yule (Canada)

Thomas Hood's Odes and Addresses

Robert Southey's A Tale of Paraguay

Joseph Blanco White's sonnet "Night and Death," described by S. T. Coleridge as "the finest" in English

John Brainard's Occasional Pieces of Poetry

Maria Gowen Brooks' Zophiël, Canto 1

Edward Coote Pinkney's Poems

Letitia Landon's The Troubadour

The Rising Village by Oliver Goldsmith's namesake and grandnephew, "the first Canadian-born published poet" (quotation by John A. Dussinger)

Elizabeth Barrett's An Essay on Mind and Other Poems

Dinah Maria Mulock Craik; Stephen Foster (US); Robert Lowry (US); William Charles Hodgson (New Zealand)

Reginald Heber; John Taylor; Thomas Jefferson (US); Sarah Catherine Martin

Felicia Dorothea Hemans's "Casabianca" by Elizabeth Bishop's "Casabianca" (1946)

Thomas Hood's "I Remember, I Remember" by Phoebe Cary's "I Remember, I Remember" (1854)

Thomas Hood's Whims and Oddities (-1827)

Samuel Woodworth's "The Old Oaken Bucket"

John Clare's The Shepherd's Calendar

Edgar Allan Poe's Tamerlane and Other Poems

Rose Terry Cooke (US); Francis Miles Finch (US); James McIntyre, poet of the mammoth cheese (Canada); John Hollin Ridge (US); John Townsend Trowbridge (US); Septimus Winner; Ethelinda Eliot Beers (Ethel Lynn) (US)

William Blake; George Canning; Carlos Wilcox

William Wordsworth's "To a Skylark" by Gilbert Keith Chesterton's "The Skylark Replies to Wordsworth"

Reginald Heber's Hymns, including "Brightest and best of the sons of morning," "Holy, holy, holy," and "God that madest earth and heaven"

James Montgomery's The Pelican Island

Lydia Sigourney's Poems

Richard Henry Dana, Sr.'s The Buccaneer

Letitia Landon's The Golden Violet

Felicia Dorothea Hemans' Records of Women, with Other Poems

John Gibson Lockhart's Life of Robert Burns

George Meredith; Arthur Joseph Munby; Dante Gabriel Rossetti; Henry Timrod (US); Rosa Vertner Johnson Jeffrey (US)

John Gardiner Calkins Brainard; Lady Caroline Lamb; Edward Coote Pinkney; William Parsons

Thomas Hood's The Dream of Eugene Aram

Edgar Allan Poe's Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Other Poems

Samuel Kettell's Specimens of American Poetry

Rosanna Eleanor (Mullins) Leprohon (Canada); Elizabeth Siddall; D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

William Crowe; Sir Humphry Davy; Milcah Martha Moore

"The Canadian Boat Song" appears anonymously in Blackwood's Magazine

Letitia Landon's The Venetian Bracelet

George Moses Horton's Hope of Liberty

WILLIAM IV (-1837)

Ebenezer Elliott's Corn Law Rhymes

Sarah Josepha Hale's Poems for our Children, including "Mary's Lamb"

Alfred Tennyson's Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, including "The Kraken"

Charlotte Alington Barnard; Thomas Edward Brown; Emily Dickinson (US); Paul Hamilton Hayne (US); Helen Hunt Jackson (US); William McGonagall (ca; Scotland); Christina Rossetti; Alexander Smith (?); James M. Whitfield (US); Charlotte Eliza Dixon; Horatio Nelson Huggins (Trinidad); Robert Tennant; L. Virginia French (US)

William Hazlitt

George Gordon, lord Byron's "So We'll Go No More a Roving" by William Ernest Henley's "We'll Go No More A-Roving" (1875) and Gavin Ewart's "So We'll Go No More A-roving" (1989)

Charles Lamb's Album Verses

Walter Savage Landor's Gebir, Count Julian

Edgar Allan Poe's Poems

Charles Stuart Calverley; Isa Craig (Scotland); Edward Robert Bulwer Lytton; James Clerk Maxwell; David Mills (Canada); Charles R. Thatcher (Australia); Anna White (US)

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (India); Laurence Hynes Halloran; William Roscoe; John Trumbull (US); William Jones

James Hogg's Songs by the Ettrick Shepherd

Ebenezer Elliott's Corn Law Rhymes (-1834)

John Greenleaf Whittier's Legends of New England

Alfred Tennyson's Poems (dated 1833), including "The Lady of Shalott" and "The Lotos-Eaters"

Elizabeth Akers Allen (US); Sir Edwin Arnold; Benjamin Paul Blood (US); Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson); Joseph Skipsey; Henry Clay Work (US)

James Bisset; George Crabbe; Philip Morin Freneau; James Plumptre; Anna Maria Porter; Sir Walter Scott

James Hogg's A Queer Book

Barry Cornwall's English Songs

William Motherwell's Poems

John Quincy Adams' Dermot MacMorrogh

John Greenleaf Whittier's Moll Pitcher

Robert Browning's Pauline

Hartley Coleridge's Poems, Songs and Sonnets

J. S. Mill's "Thoughts on Poetry and its Variants"

Richard Watson Dixon; Adam Lindsay Gordon (Australia); Edmund Clarence Stedman (US)

Arthur Hallam, in whose memory Alfred lord Tennyson will write In Memoriam; Hannah More; John O'Keeffe; William Sotheby; Maria Jane Jewsbury

Henry Francis Lyte's Poems

Thomas John Dibdin's Last Lays of the Last of the Three Dibdins

Park Benjamin's The Harbinger

Maria Gowen Brooks' Zophiël

Richard Henry Dana, Sr., Poems

Thomas Moore's Irish Melodies

Thomas Pringle's African Sketches

George Arnold (US); William Morris; Roden Berkely Wriothesley Noel; James Thomson (Scotland); Annie Fields (US)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (July 25); Charles Lamb; Thomas Pringle; John Thelwall; Elizabeth Margarat Chandler (US)

Sara Coleridge's Pretty Lessons in Verse for Small Children

Amelia Opie's Lays for the Dead

Felicia Dorothea Hemans' Scenes and Hymns of Life

Robert Browning's Paracelsus

John Clare's The Rural Muse

William Wordsworth's Yarrow Revisited and Other Poems

Alfred Austin; Isodore Gordon Ascher (Canada); Augusta Cooper Bristol (US); Phillips Brooks (US); Samuel Langhorne Clemens, i.e., Mark Twain (US); Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (India); Adah Isaacs Menken (US); John James Platt (US); Celia Thaxter (US); James Byrne Leicester Warren, baron de Tabley; Susan Coolidge (Sarah Chauncey Woolsey); James Brunton Stephens (Australia); Harriet Prescott Spofford (US); Louise Chandler Moulton (US); Lillie Devereux Blake (US)

Felicia Dorothea Hemans; James Hogg; William Motherwell

Joseph Rodman Drake's The Culprit Fay

George Darley's Nepenthe

Lydia Sigourney's Zinzendorff

Lyra Apostolica, religious poems by several authors, including John Newman

Thomas Bailey Aldrich (US); Harriet Maxwell Converse (US); W. S. Gilbert; Bret Harte (US); Charles Mair (Canada); Sarah Morgan Piatt (US); Annie Louisa Walker (Canada); Susan Nugent Wood (Australia)

George Colman the younger; Dorothy Kilner

John Greenleaf Whittier's Mogg Megone

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Poems

VICTORIA I (1819-1901)

Richard H. Barham's Ingoldsby Legends (-1847)

The Civil List Act provides for pensions for needy authors in England.

John Clare is institutionalized as insane.

Eliza Cook's "The Old Arm Chair"

George Moses Horton's Hope of Liberty -- Poems by a Slave (2nd edn.; first published as early as 1829)

Thomas Love Peacock's The Paper Money Lyrics

William Dean Howells (US); Agnes Maule Machar ("Fidelis"; Canada); Joaquin Miller (US); Algernon Charles Swinburne; Julia Augusta Webster; Forceythe Willson (US)

Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges

Richard Henry Wilde's Hesperia

Elizabeth Barrett's The Seraphim

Leigh Hunt publishes "Abou Ben Adhem" and "Rondeau" ("Jenny Kissed Me")

William Wordsworth's Sonnets

Henry Adams (US); Sarah Elizabeth Carmichael (US); John Hay (US); William Reed Huntington (US); Charles Mair (Canada); Abram Joseph Ryan (US); Margaret E. Sangster; Alice Cunningham Fletcher (US)

Margaret Miller Davidson; Letitia Elizabeth Landon, likely by suicide; Charles Morris; Richard Polwhele

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "A Psalm of Life" by Phoebe Cary's "A Psalm of Life: What the Heart of the Young Woman Said to the Old Maid" (1854), Franklin Pierce Adams's "A Psalm of Freudian Life" (1924), and Adrian Mitchell's "Nostalgia---Now Threepence Off" (1997)

John Greenleaf Whittier's Poems Written during the Progress of the Abolition Question

James Hillhouse's Sachem's-Wood

Isaac Williams' The Cathedral

Walter Pater; James Ryder Randall (US); John Todhunter; Henry Kendall (Australia)

Thomas Haynes Bayley; Winthrop Mackworth Praed

Thomas Hood's "The Beadle's Annual Address", about Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" (1751)

Charlotte Elliott's Hymns for a Week

Henry Wadworth Longfellow's Voices of the Night

Jones Very's Essays and Poems

Robert Browning's Sordello

Percy Bysshe Shelley's Defence of Poetry, posthumously published

Wilfred Scawen Blunt; Henry Austin Dobson; Thomas Hardy; William Cosmo Monkhouse; M. Ethelind Sawtell (Canada); John Addington Symonds; Constance Fenimore Woolson (US)

John Quincy Adams' "The Wants of Man"

Caroline Clive's IX Poems by V

Robert Browning's Pippa Passes

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Ballads and other Poems, including "The Wreck of the Hesperus"

Mathilde Blind; Robert Williams Buchanan; Charles Edward Carryl (US); Chief K'hhalserten Sepass (Canada); Ina Coolbrith (US); Juliana Horatia Ewing; Joaquin Miller (US); Edward Rowland Sill (US)

Thomas John Dibdin; George Dyer; Standish O'Grady; Joseph Blanco White; Theodore Hook; Jane Johnston Schoolcraft (US)

Sarah Fuller Adams's "Nearer, my God, to Thee" by Hugh MacDiarmid's "Nearer, my God, to Thee" (1994)

James Russell Lowell's A Year's Life

Lydia Sigourney's Poems and Pocahontas

Standish O'Grady's The Emigrant

Robert Browning's Dramatic Lyrics, including "My Last Duchess" and "The Pied Piper of Hamelin"

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Poems on Slavery

Thomas Babington Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome, including "Horatius"

Alfred Tennyson's Poems, including "Locksley Hall," "Morte d'Arthur," and "Ulysses"

William Wordsworth's Poems Chiefly of Early and Late Years

Ambrose Bierce (US); Ina Donna Coolbrith (US); William John Courthorpe; Sidney Lanier (US); John Arthur Phillips (Canada); Henry Duff Traill; James Anderson (Canada); Charles Henry Ross (ca.); James Ferguson; Helen Burrell D'Apery (US)

Thomas Arnold; Macdonald Clarke; Samuel Woodworth

Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess" by Jon Stallworthy's "From the Life [My Last Mistress]" and Richard Howard's "Nikolaus Mardruz to his Master Ferdinand, Count of Tyrol, 1565" (1995)

Susanna Blamire's Works

Henry Wadworth Longfellow's Poems on Slavery

William Cullen Bryant's The Fountain

Thomas Hood's "The Song of the Shirt" (Punch)

William Wordsworth is made British Poet Laureate

Charles Montagu Doughty; Violet Fane aka Mary Montgomerie Lamb; Michael McTurk (Guyana); Thomas Bracken (Ireland); Joseph Furphy ('Tom Collins') (Australia)

Washington Allston; Francis Scott Key; Robert Southey

William Ellery Channing's Poems

James Gates Percival's The Dream of a Day

Elizabeth Oakes Smith's The Sinless Child

John Greenleaf Whittier's Lays of my Home

Isabella Banks' Ivy Leaves, including "Neglected Wife"

William Barnes' Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect

Elizabeth Barrett's Poems

Robert Bridges; George Washington Cable (US); Ada Cambridge, later Cross; Richard Watson Gilder (US); Gerard Manley Hopkins; Andrew Lang (Scotland); Caroline Lindsay; Ernest Myers; John Boyle O'Reilly (US); Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy; Arabella Eugenia Smith (US), about this time Paul Verlaine (France; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (US)

Thomas Campbell; Margaret Davidson

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Day is Done" by Phoebe Cary's "The Day is Done" (1854)

Thomas Hood's Whimsicalities

Nathaniel Thomas Haynes' Songs

Frances Kemble's Poems

Christopher Pearse Cranch's Poems

James Russell Lowell's Poems

Epes Sargent's The Light of the Lighthouse

Robert Browning's Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, including "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"

George Moses Horton's Poetical Works

Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven and Other Poems, including "The Raven"

Louisa Sarah Bevington (US); William Carleton (US); John Banister Tabb (US); Thomas E. Spencer (Australia); Henrietta R. Eliot (US)

R. H. Barham; Maria Gowen Brooks (US); Thomas Hood; John McPherson; Sydney Smith

Robert Browning's "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix" by W. J. Linton's "How they Brought the News to a Gent" (1892), Owen Seaman's "'The Guineas': Or, How they brought the Good News from Newmarket to Girton" (1908), and Walter Carruthers Sellar and Robert Julian Yeatman's "How I Brought the Good News from Aix to Ghent, or Vice Versa" (1933)

Henry Wadworth Longfellow's The Belfry of Bruges

Lydia Sigourney's Poetry for Seamen

William Gilmore Simms' Grouped Thoughts and Scattered Fancies

Henry Wadworth Longfellow's Poems

Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning are married in Sept. and elope to Italy, where they settle in Casa Guidi in Florence

Robert Browning's Bells and Pomegranates

Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, and Anne Brontë's Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, edited by Charlotte Brontë

Edward Lear's Book of Nonsense, revised in 1861 and 1863

Alexander MacGregor Rose (Scotland-Canada); George Thomas Lanigan ; Marcus Clarke (Australia); Mary Hannay Foott (Australia); Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (US)

George Darley; Barron Field (Australia); John Hookham Frere; Sarah Wentworth Morton (US); Elizabeth Turner; Eliza Earle (US)

William Barnes' Poems, Partly of Rural Life

Frances Ellen Watkins Harper's Forest Leaves

Lydia Sigourney's The Voice of Flowers

John Greenleaf Whittier's Voices of Freedom

Ralph Waldo Emerson's Poems

Walter Savage Landor's The Hellenics

Henry Francis Lyte composes "Abide with Me"

Alfred Tennyson's The Princess, including "Tears, idle Tears," which he adds to up to 1850

Alice Meynell, née Thompson; Alfred Scott Gatty

Mary Lamb; Henry Francis Lyte; George William Gillespie (Canada); William Shepherd; Richard Henry Wilde

Caroline Clive's The Queen's Ball

Henry Wadworth Longfellow's Evangeline

Epes Sargent's Songs of the Sea

Lydia Sigourney's The Weeping Willow

James Russell Lowell's A Fable for Critics, Poems: Second Series, Bigelow Papers; and The Vision of Sir Launfal

pre-Raphaelite brotherhood in London, lasting until about 1880, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Elizabeth Siddall, and others

Romesh Chunder Dutt (India); Anne Glenny Wilson née Adams (New Zealand); Lilla Cabot Perry (US)

John Quincy Adams; Emily Brontë; Thomas Cole; Sarah Fuller Flower, née Adams; Isaac D'Israeli; Ann Batten Cristall

Cecil Frances Alexander's "Maker of Heaven and Earth" by Amelia Blossom Pegram's "Burials" (1995)

Lydia Sigourney's Waterdrops

Charles Timothy Brooks' Aquidneck

John Quincy Adams' Poems of Religion and Society

Edgar Allan Poe's Eureka: A Prose Poem

Matthew Arnold's The Strayed Reveller and Other Poems

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Seaside and the Fireside

Edmund Gosse; William Ernest Henley; Sarah Orne Jewett (US); Emma Lazarus (US); James Whitcomb Riley (US); Henrietta Cordelia Ray (US); Grace Denio Litchfield (US)

Bernard Barton; Thomas Lovell Beddoes; Anne Brontë; Hartley Coleridge; Ebenezer Elliott; Edgar Allan Poe; James Clarence Mangan, of malnutrition; David Hitchcock (US)

David Bates's "Speak Gently" by Lewis Carroll's "Speak Roughly to Your Little Boy" (1866) and T. D. Sullivan's "Speak Gently" (1887)

Poems by Washington Allston

Poems by Alice and Phoebe Cary

Thomas Lowell Beddoes' Death's Jest-book, published posthumously

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Poems with "Sonnets from the Portuguese," including How do I love thee? Let me count the ways

Robert Browning's Christmas Eve and Easter Day

Stephen Foster's "De Camptown Races"

Leigh Hunt's Autobiography

D. G. Rossetti's The Blessed Damozel, published in The Gem

Alfred Tennyson publishes In Memoriam and is made British Poet Laureate.

William Wordsworth's The Prelude, published posthumously in 14 Books.

Isabella Valency Crawford (Canada); Eugene Field (US); William Larminie (US); Robert Louis Stevenson; Rose Hartwick Thorpe (US); Albery A. Whitmann (US); Ella Wheeler Wilcox (US); Laura E. Richards; Florence Earle Coates (US)

Manoah Bodman; William Lisle Bowles; Philip Pendleton Cooke; Margaret Fuller (US); William Wordsworth; Frances Sargent Locke Osgood (US)

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "How Do I Love Thee?" by Wilfred Owen's "How do I Love Thee?" (1983) and Rafael Campo's "IX. Sonnet for the Portuguese" (1996)

William Barnes' Hwomely Rhymes

John Greenleaf Whittier's Songs of Labor

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Casa Guidi Windows

Stephen Foster's "Old Folks at Home"

George Meredith's Poems, including "Love in the Valley"

James Lister Cuthbertson (Australia); Arthur Clement Hilton; John Wilson Bengough; Rose Hawthorne Lathrop ("Mother Alphonsa") (US); Arthur Patchett Martin (Australia); Albery Allson Whitman (US)

Joanna Baillie; David Macbeth Moir; M. Ethelind Sawtell (Canada)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Golden Legend

Matthew Arnold's Empedocles on Etna and Other Poems

Edmund Hamilton Sears' "It Came upon a Midnight Clear"

Francis Coutts; Emma Maria Caillard; Edwin Markham (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Henry Van Dyke (US); Alfred T. Chandler ('Spinifex') (Australia); Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (US)

Sara Coleridge (daughter of S.T.C.); Thomas Moore; John Howard Payne; Thomas Moore; John Hamilton Reynolds; Richard Scrafton Sharpe

Alice Cary's Lyra

David Macbeth Moir's Poetical Works

Lydia Sigourney's Olive Leaves

Matthew Arnold's Poems, including "Sobrab and Rustum" and "The Scholar-Gipsy"

Martha Browne's [Mattie Griffith's] Poems

Ernest Fenollosa (US); Thomas Nelson Page (US); Lillian H. Shuey (US)

Joseph Cottle; Maria White Lowell; Amelia Opie

Charles Timothy Brooks' Songs of Field and Flood

William Gilmore Simms' Poems

James Whitfield's America

John Greenleaf Whittier's The Chapel of the Hermits

Julia Ward Howe's Passion Flowers

Coventry Patmore's The Angel in the House, Part I (Part II in 1856, Part III in 1860; and Part IV in 1863)

Alfred Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade," published in The Examiner on Dec. 9

James A. Bland (US); George Frederick Cameron (Canada); William Henry Drummond (Canada); Oscar Wilde; George Frederick Cameron (Canada); James Montgomery (Scotland); Edith M. Thomas (US); Fanny Parnell (US)

James Montgomery (Scotland)

Phoebe Cary's "When Lovely Woman" (Poems and Parodies 1854) about Oliver Goldsmith's "When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly" (1766)

Phoebe Cary's "The Day is Done" (Poems and Parodies 1854) about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Day is Done" (1844)

Phoebe Cary's "Jacob" (Poems and Parodies 1854) about William Wordsworth's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways" (1800)

Alfred Lord Tennyson's "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Rudyard Kipling's "The Last of the Light Brigade" (1890)

Phoebe Cary's "A Psalm of Life: What the Heart of the Young Woman Said to the Old Maid" about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "A Psalm of Life" (1838)

Phoebe Cary's "The Annoyer" about Percy Bysshe Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, act II, scene v (1820)

Phoebe Cary's "I Remember, I Remember" about Thomas Hood's "I Remember, I Remember" (1826)

Phoebe Cary's Poems and Parodies

Frances Harper's Poems

Lydia Sigourney's The Western Home

Matthew Arnold's Poems, Second Series

Robert Browning's Men and Women, including "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came"

Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky"

Caroline Hayward (Canada) active about this time

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Song of Hiawatha

Alfred lord Tennyson's Maud and Other Poems

Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, regularly amplified (2nd edn., 1856; final author's edition, 1891-92)

Jones Bannerman (Canada); Henry Cuyler Bunner (US); Frances Gertrude E. H. Bustill (US); Armistead Churchill Gordon (US); Thomas Thornely; Woodrow Wilson (US); Alexander Young (Scotland)

Charlotte Brontë; Mary Russell Mitford; Samuel Rogers; Dorothy Wordsworth; Adelaide O'Keeffe

Robert Browning's "'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came'" by Carl Sandburg's "Manitoba Childe Roland" (1918), Stevie Smith's "Childe Rolandine" (1957) and "A Soldier Dear to Us" (1975), and Jon Stallworthy's "The Thread" (1995)

Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky" by Shirley Brooks's "Waggawocky" (1872)

Alice Cary's The Maiden of Tiascala

Maria White Lowell's Poems

Lydia Sigourney's Sayings of the Little Ones and Poems for their Mothers

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh (post-dated 1857), a verse novel in 11,000 lines about a woman writer

Sydney Dobell's England in Time of War

Coventry Patmore's The Espousals

Toru Dutt (India); Alfred Denis Godley; Lizette Woodworth Reese (US)

James Gates Percival

John Greenleaf Whittier's The Panorama

Charles Sangster's The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay

Frederick Locker Lampson's London Lyrics (12 re-editions to 1893)

Jane Barlow (Ireland); Hubert N. W. Church (Australia); Edward Cordle (Barbados); John Davidson (Scotland); Margaret Deland (US); Benjamin Franklin King (US); Agnes Ethelwyn Wetherald (Canada)

Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Brahma" by Andrew Lang's "Brahma" (1905)

Julia Ward Howe's Words for the Hour

William Barnes' Hwomely Rhymes: A second collection of poems of rural life in the Dorset Dialect

William Johnson Cory's Ionica

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Courtship of Miles Standish

William Morris' The Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems

Adelaide Anne Procter's Legends and Lyrics (1858-61), including "A Lost Chord"

Edith Nesbit; Dollie Radford; Sir William Watson; Victor Daley (Australia); Milicent W. Shinn (US)

Thomas Holley Chivers

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., "The Chambered Nautilus" and "The Deacon's Masterpiece"

Walter Savage Landor's Dry Sticks

D'Arcy McGee's Canadian Ballads and Occasional Verses

CHARLES DARWIN'S ORIGIN OF SPECIES

Daniel Decatur Emmett's "Dixie's Land"

Edmund Fitzgerald's The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, revised up to 1879

Alfred lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King, including "Enid," "Vivien," "Elaine," and "Guinevere"

Katharine Lee Bates (US); Kenneth Grahame; William Herbert Carruth (US); Perceval Gibbon (South Africa); Susan Francis Harrison ("Seranus"; Canada); A. E. Housman; Egbert Martin ('Leo') (Guyana); Ernest Rhys; Ruth Huntington Sessions (US); James Kenneth Stephen; Francis Thompson; Lucy E. Tilley (US)

Leigh Hunt; Washington Irving; James Mathews Legaré; Thomas Babington Macaulay, buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, early in 1860; Lady Morgan, née Sydney Owenson

Edward Fitzgerald's "RubÃ¡iyÃ¡t of Omar KhayyÃ¡m" by Gelett Burgess's "The Rubaiyat of Omar Cayenne" (1904), Wendy Cope's "From Strugnell's Rubáiyát" (1986), Edwin Morgan's "Variations on Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (1988), and Frank Kuppner's "In a Persian Garden" (1994)

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF USA

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Poems before Congress

Coventry Patmore's Faithful for Ever

William Wilfred Campbell (?) (Canada); Helena Jane Coleman (Canada); Hamlin Garland (US); Harriet Monroe (US); Charles G. D. Roberts (Canada); Clinton Scollard (US); Harry Dacre; Charlotte Perkins Gilman (US); James S. Martinez (ca.; Belize); William Satchell (New Zealand); Jack Moses (Australia); Mary L. Ritter (US)

George Croly; James Kirke Paulding

Rose Terry Cooke's Poems

Joseph Rodman Drake's and Fitz-Greene Halleck's "The Croakers" (collected edition)

Henry Timrod's Poems

Frederick Goddard Tuckerman's Poems

John Greenleaf Whittier's Home Ballads

William Kirby's "U.E."

Charles Sangster's Hesperus

Alexander McLachlan's The Emigrant

CONFEDERATE STATES TAKE FORT SUMTER ON APRIL 12: AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Last Poems, posthumously published

Julia Ward Howe composes "Battle Hymn of the Republic"

Francis Turner Palgrave's The Golden Treasury, a poetic anthology revised in 1897 and since then by others

Annie Louisa Walker's Leaves from the Backwoods

Elizabeth Barrett Browning; A. H. Clough; Oliver Goldsmith (Canada)

"Go Down Moses" in National Anti-Slavery Standard

Bliss Carman (Canada); Mary Elizabeth Coleridge; Walter Alexander Raleigh; Louise Imogen Guiney (US); Maurice Henry Hewlett; Katharine Hinkson, aka Katharine Tynan (Ireland); Pauline Johnson, aka Tekahionwake (Canada); Archibald Lampman (Canada); Amy Levy; Frederick George Scott (Canada) Rabindranath Tagore (India); Henry Cust; Minnie Hallowell Bowen (Canada); J. A. Philp (Australia); Sophie Jewett (US)

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's posthumous Last Poems, edited by Robert Browning

Charles Calverley's Verses and Translations

A. H. Clough's Last Poems, posthumously published

George Meredith's Modern Love and Poems of the Roadside

Coventry Patmore's Victories of Love

Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market and Other Poems

in February Dante Gabriel Rossetti places a sheaf of poems (a few years later retrieved) in the coffin of his wife Elizabeth Siddall

John Kendrick Bangs (US); Arthur Christopher Benson; Jean Blewett (Canada); John Jay Chapman (US); Edith Emma Cooper (half of "Michael Field"); Sir Henry John Newbolt; George Santayana (US); Duncan Campbell Scott (Canada); Edith Wharton (US); Jack Judge; W. T. Goodge (Australia); Ella Higginson (US); John Bernard O'Hara (Australia)

Elizabeth Siddall, of opium overdose; Henry David Thoreau, of tuberculosis; (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Songs in many keys

Emily Dickinson's "Safe in their Alabaster Chambers" published

Lydia Sigourney's The Man of Uz

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn, including "Paul Revere's Ride"

Reuben Butchart (Canada); C. P. Cavafy (Egypt; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elaine Goodale Eastman (US); George Essex Evans (Australia); Mary Gilmore (Australia); Winifred Howells (US); Mary Austin Low (Canada); Robert Fuller Murray; Stuart Merrill (US); Edward Abbott Parry; George Santayana; Ernest Lawrence Thayer (US)

Gamaliel Bradford (US); Clement Clarke Moore (US); William Makepeace Thackeray

William Barnes' Third Collection of Poems in Dorset Dialect

Walter Savage Landor's Heroic Idyls

Robert Browning's Dramatis Personae, including "Rabbi Ben Ezra" and "Caliban upon Setebos"

Robert Lowry's "Beautiful River"

William Brighty Rands' Lilliput Levee, for children

Alfred lord Tennyson's Enoch Arden

Miguel de Unamuno (Spain; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Hovey (US); Marie Joussage (Canada); Andrew Barton ("Banjo") Paterson (Australia); Jessie Mackay (New Zealand); Harry Morant ('The Breaker') (Australia); Julie M. Lippmann (US); Charles Souter ('Dr. Nil') (Australia); Virna Woods (US)

John Clare; Stephen Foster; Nathaniel Hawthorne; Walter Savage Landor; George Pope Morris; Adelaide Anne Procter; Lucy Aikin; Park Benjamin (US)

John Greenfield Whittier's In War-Time

LINCOLN ASSASSINATED; CIVIL WAR ENDS; SLAVERY ABOLISHED DEC. 18

Matthew Arnold's Essays in Criticism, 1st series, including "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time"

Robert Williams Buchanan's "The Session of the Poets," an attack on Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in Spectator

George Moses Horton's Naked Genius

John Newman's The Dream of Gerontius

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Atalanta in Calydon

Walt Whitman's "When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom'd," on the assassination of Abraham Lincoln; and Drum-Taps

Henry Clay Work's "Marching through Georgia"

Laurence Alma-Tadema (ca.); Arthur A. D. Bayldon (Australia); Grace Blackburn (Canada); Madison Cawein (US); Adela Florence Nicolson Cory (pseud. "Lawrence Hope"); Thomas William Hodgson Crosland; Edward Dyson (Australia); William Gay (Australia); Rudyard Kipling (UK); William Butler Yeats

George Arnold; William Edmondstone Aytoun; Abraham Lincoln (US); Lydia Huntley Sigourney (US); Isaac Williams; M. J. Chapman (Barbados); Hannah Gould (US)

Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Sarah Elizabeth Carmichael's Poems

Christina Rossetti's The Prince's Progress

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Poems and Ballads, 1st series, including "Dolores"

John Greenleaf Whittier's Snow-Bound

Barcroft Boake (Australia); Katharine Harris Bradley (half of "Michael Field"); Gelett Burgess (US); Edmund Vance Cooke (US); Sophia Almon Hensley (US); E. W. Hornung (Australia); Bernard O'Dowd (Australia)

Richard Le Gallienne; Francis Sylvester Mahony; Thomas Love Peacock; Ann Taylor; Daniel Bryan (US); Robert Nugent Dunbar (UK); Dora Read Goodale (US)

Lewis Carroll's "You are Old, Father William" about Robert Southey's "The Old Man's Complaints" (1799)

Lewis Carroll's "Speak Roughly to Your Little Boy" about David Bates's "Speak Gently" (1849)

Algernon Charles Swinburne's "Dolores" by Arthur Clement Hilton's "Octopus" (1872), Owen Seaman's "A Song of Renunciation (After A. C. S.)" (1896), and Gilbert Keith Chesterton's "Dolores Replies to Swinburne" in "Answers to the Poets" (Collected Poems 1932)

Lewis Carroll's "How Doth the Little Crocodile" about Isaac Watt's "Against Idleness and Mischief" (1715)

Lewis Carroll's "Twinkle, twinkle, little bat" about Ann and Jane Taylor's "The Star" (1806)

Alice Cary's Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns

Sir John Frederick William Herschel's translation of Homer's Iliad into hexameter verse

Herman Melville's Battle-pieces

Emily Dickinson's "A narrow fellow in the grass" published

DOMINION OF CANADA ESTABLISHED ON JULY 1

Matthew Arnold's New Poems, including "Dover Beach"

Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark

Ralph Waldo Emerson's May-Day

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Song of Italy

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's translation of Dante's Divine Comedy

Elizabeth Clayton Cardozo (US); Frances Densmore (US); Ernest Christopher Dowson; Lionel Pigot Johnson; Henry Lawson (Australia); Tom MacInnes (Canada); Roderic Quinn (Australia); George William Russell ("Æ"; Ireland); David McKee Wright (New Zealand)

Charles Baudelaire (France; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Fitz-Greene Halleck (US); John Hollin Ridge; Alexander Smith; Henry Timrod; Nathaniel Parker Willis; Forceythe Willson

Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" by Anthony Hecht's "The Dover Bitch" (1967), Kenneth Patchen's "The Queer Client and the Forest-Inn" (1968), Lawrence Ferlinghetti's "The Sea is Calm Tonight" (1993), and Tom Clark's "Dover Beach" (1987)

Augusta Webster's "If? by "Arabella Eugenia Smith's "If I Should Die To-night" (1873) and Benjamin Franklin King's "If I Should Die" (by 1894)

Emma Lazarus' Poems and Translations

Richard Henry Wilde's Hesperia

John Greenleaf Whittier's The Tent on the Beach

W. W. Skeat published the A-text of Piers Plowman (and the B- and C- texts in 1869 and 1873)

Robert Browning's The Ring and the Book, in 12 Books and over 21,000 lines (1868-69)

Frederick James Furnivall founds the Chaucer Society

William Morris' The Earthly Paradise, I, completed in 1870

Mary Austin (US); W.E.B. Du Bois (US); Mary Fullerton (Australia); Mary Hunter Austin (US); Edgar Lee Masters (?) (US)

Charles Harpur (Australia); Thomas D'Arcy McGee (Canada); Adah Isaacs Menken (US)

Shirley Brooks's "For a' That and a' That" about Robert Burns's "For a' That and a' That" (1797)

Phoebe Cary's Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love

Adah Isaacs Menken's Infelicia

Julia Ward Howe's Later Lyrics

William Barnes' Poems of Rural Life in Common English

Charles Mair's Dreamland

W. S. Gilbert's Bab Ballads

Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems

Alfred lord Tennyson's The Holy Grail and Other Poems, with "The Coming of Arthur," "The Holy Grail," "Pelleas and Ettarre," and "The Passing of Arthur"

Laurence Binyon; E. J. Brady (Australia); Olivia Bush, née Ward, later Banks (US); Arthur Sheerly Cripps (Rhodesia); Stephen Leacock; Charlotte Mary Mew; William Vaughn Moody (US); Will H. Ogilvie (Australia); Edwin Arlington Robinson (US); George Sterling (US); Clara Ann Thompson; Arnold Wall (New Zealand); David McKee Wright (New Zealand)

Charlotte Alington Barnard; George Copway (Kah-Ge-Ga-Gah-Bowh; Canada)

Hartley Coleridge's "He lived amidst th' untrodden ways" about William Wordsworth's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways" (1800)

Alfred Lord Tennyson's "The Higher Pantheism" by Algernon Charles Swinburne's "The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell" (1880)

Alfred Lord Tennyson's "The Higher Pantheism" by Algernon Charles Swinburne's "The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell" (1880)

Frances Harper's Moses

Lucy Larcom's Poems

John Greenleaf Whittier's Among the Hills

Adam Lindsay Gordon's Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes

Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems, including "Jenny" and a fragment of "The House of Life"

mathematician James Joseph Sylvester publishes his The Laws of Verse

Hilaire Belloc (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Christopher John Brennan (Australia); Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas; Eva Selena Gore-Booth (Ireland); Thomas Sturge Moore; Lena Guilbert Ford; Thomas MacDermot ('Tom Redcam') (Jamaica); Blanche (B. E.) Baughan (New Zealand)

David Bates; Charles Dickens; Adam Lindsay Gordon (Australia); William Gilmore Simms; James M. Whitfield; William E. Hickson

Helen Hunt Jackson's Verses

James Russell Lowell's The Cathedral

John Greenleaf Whittier's Ballads of New England

Christine Rutledge

Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass, including "Jabberwocky"

Edward Lear's Nonsense Songs, including "The Owl and the Pussy-Cat"

Thomas Maitland (i.e., Robert Williams Buchanan) attacks Dante Gabriel Rossetti in "The Fleshly School of Poetry" in Contemporary Review (Oct.); and Rossetti replies in "The Stealthy School of Criticism" in Athenaeum (Dec.)

Joaquin Miller's Songs of the Sierras

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Songs before Sunrise

Alfred lord Tennyson's "The Last Tournament"

Walt Whitman's Passage to India

Edwin Ford Aper (US); John Le Gay Brereton (Australia); Stephen Crane (US); Arthur Guiterman (US); William Henry Davies; Ralph Edwin Hodgson; James Weldon Johnson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Francis Joseph Sherman (Canada); John Millington Synge (Ireland); Joseph Tishler ('Bellrive'; Australia); Paul Valéry (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Alice Patty Lee Cary and Phoebe Cary (US); Charlotte Elliott; John Frederick William Herschel; Thomas Buchanan Read; James Monroe Whitfield

John Greenleaf Whittier's Miriam

Frances Harper's Poems

Emma Lazarus' Admetus

Edward Lear's More Nonsense, Rhymes

William Morris' Love is Enough

Christina Rossetti's Sing-Song, a Nursery Rhyme Book

Alfred lord Tennyson's "Gareth and Lynette"

Paul Laurence Dunbar (US); Dr. John McCrae (Canada); John Shaw Nielson (Australia); Leonora Speyer (US); Jesse Edgar Middleton; Jean Blewett (Canada); Hiram Alfred Cody (Canada); Arthur H. Adams (New Zealand); Alice Katherine Fallows (US)

Henry Howard Brownell; Samuel Henry Dickson; Helena Mabel Forrest (Australia); William J. Macquorn Rankine (Scotland); William Miller (Scotland)

Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass

Arthur Clement Hilton's "Octopus" about Algernon Charles Swinburne's "Dolores" (1866)

Shirley Brooks's "Waggawocky" about Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky" (1855)

Lewis Carroll's "The Walrus and the Carpenter" by Arthur Clement Hilton's "The Vulture and the Husbandman" (1872)

Arthur Clement Hilton's "The Vulture and the Husbandman" (1872) about Lewis Carroll's "The Walrus and the Carpenter"

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Three Books of Songs and Christus

Ella Wheeler Wilcox's Drops of Water

William Morris's Love is Enough

Gilbert E. Brooke (Singapore); George Herbert Clarke (Canada); Walter De La Mare; Ellen Glasgow (US); William Christopher Handy (US); George Cabot Lodge (US); Maude Caldwell Perry (US); Alexander L. Posey (US); Lola Ridge (US)

Caroline Clive; Kasiprasad Ghose (India); Janet Hamilton; Joseph Howe; Janet Thomson; Frederick Goddard Tuckerman; Caroline Cheseborough (US)

Arabella Eugenia Smith's "If I Should Die To-night" about Augusta Webster's "If?" (1867)

Lucy Larcom's Childhood Songs

Henry Timrod's Poems

J. Thomson's "The City of Dreadful Night," published in National Reformer, and later in 1880

Maurice Baring; Mary Ursula Bethell (New Zealand); Gordon Bottomley; Lillie A. Brooks (Canada); A. H. Reginald Buller; Gilbert Keith Chesterton; Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven (US); Robert Frost (US); J. W. Gordon ('Jim Grahame') (Australia); Stanley de Vere Alexander Julius; Amy Lowell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lucy Maud Montgomery (Canada); Josephine Peabody (US); Robert William Service (Canada); Gertrude Stein (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Trumbull Stickney (US); Winifred Tennant (Australia)

Shirley Brooks; Sydney Thompson Dobell; Bryan Waller Procter (Barry Cornwall); Thomas Miller; Caroline Carleton (Australia)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Hanging of the Crane

Joseph Howe's Poems and Essays

Robert Browning's Aristophane's Apology

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Masque of Pandora

William Talbot Allison (Canada); Edmund Clerihew Bentley; Anna Hempstead Branch (US); Alice Dunbar-Nelson (US; wife of Paul L. Dunbar); Rainer Maria Rilke (Prague; Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Robert Stephen Hawker; Charles Kingsley; Rebekah Gumpert Hyneman (US)

William Ernest Henley's "We'll Go No More A-Roving" about George Gordon, lord Byron's "So We'll Go No More a Roving" (1830)

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Songs of Many Seasons

John Greenleaf Whittier's Hazel Blossoms

Robert Browning's Pacchiarotto and How He Worked in Distemper

Dr. Brewster Higley's "Home on the Range"

William Morris' The Story of Sigurd the Volsung, and the Fall of the Niblungs

Sherwood Anderson (US); Gertrude Bartlett; Sarah N. Cleghorn (US); C. J. Dennis (Australia); William Ellery Leonard (US); Hugh McCrae (Australia)

Charles Heavysege; John Neal; Edmund Hamilton Sears

Ralph Waldo Emerson's Selected Poems

Emma Lazarus' The Spagnoletto

Herman Melville's Clarel

Ella Wheeler Wilcox's Poems of Passions

Coventry Patmore's The Unknown Eros and Other Odes

Edward Lear's Laughable Lyrics

Toru Dutt (India), of pulmonary tuberculosis; Menella Bute Smedley; Elizabeth F. Ellet (US)

Rose Fyleman; Marsden Hartley (US)

Gerard Manley Hopkins's "God's Grandeur" (composing date) by Maxime Kumin's "Almost Spring, Driving Home, Reciting Hopkins" (1996)

Sidney Lanier's Poems

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Poems and Ballads, 2nd series

Walter Conrad Arensberg (US); Frank Oliver Call (Canada); George M. Cohan (US); Adelaide Crapsey (US); Wilfrid Wilson Gibson; Oliver Joseph St John Gogarty (Ireland); Don Marquis (US); John Masefield; Carl August Sandburg (US); Edward Thomas;

William Cullen Bryant; John Dunmore Lang (Australia); Bayard Taylor; George Boyer Vashon; Sarah Helen Whitman

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Keramos

John Greenleaf Whittier's The Vision of Echard

Elizabeth T. Corbett

THOMAS EDISON PATENTS THE ELECTRIC LIGHTBULB

Robert Browning's Dramatic Idyls, including "Ivàn Ivànovitch"

Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta The Pirates of Penzance

Alfred lord Tennyson's Ballads and Other Poems

Joseph Campbell (Ireland); P. J. Hartigan ('John O'Brien') (Australia); Joe Hill (US); Vachel Lindsay (US); Dorothy Frances McCrae (Australia); Harold Edward Munro; Wallace Stevens (US)

Frances Brown (Browne); James Branch Cabell (US); Richard Henry Dana; Sarah Josepha Hale; Rosanna Eleanor (Mullins) Leprohon; James Clerk Maxwell; William Howitt; Robert Tennant; Ethelinda Eliot Beers (Ethel Lynn) (US)

W. S. Gilbert's "When a felon's not engaged in his employment" (The Pirates of Penzance, 1879) by Wendy Cope's "A Policeman's Lot" (1986)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Ultima Thule

Algernon Charles Swinburne's The Heptalogia

Seven Balliol College Oxford members led by H. C. Beeching and J. W. Mackail publish The Masque of B-ll--l, which is immediately suppressed by authorities

Guillaume Apollinaire (Wilhelm-Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky) (Academy of American Poets Web site; Italy); Joseph Warren Beach (US); Alfred Cruickshank (ca.; Trinidad); Angelina Weld Grimké (US); Radclyffe Hall; Wilson MacDonald (Canada); Alfred Noyes (UK; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); George Henry Powell

Lydia Maria Child; Eliza Dunlop; Mary Ann Evans (pseud. "George Eliot"); George Moses Horton; Epes Sargent; Jones Very; Francis Macnamara ('Frank the Poet') (Australia); Susan Nugent Wood (Australia)

Emily Henrietta Hickey's translation (Verse-tales, Lyrics and Translations 1880) of "The Battle of Maldon" (1000)

Algernon Charles Swinburne's "The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell" about Alfred Lord Tennyson's "The Higher Pantheism" (1869)

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., The Iron Gate

Sidney Lanier's The Science of English Verse

Juana Manwell

Charles G. D. Roberts' Orion

Frederick James Furnivall founds the Browning Society

Christina Rossetti's A Pageant, and other Poems

Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Ballads and Sonnets, with "The House of Life" complete, and Poems

Oscar Wilde's Poems

Franklin Pierce Adams (US); Lascelles Abercrombie; Clive Bell; Witter Bynner (US); Padraic Colum (Ireland); Abbie Huston Evans (US); Eleanor Farjeon; Edgar Guest (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elizabeth Madox Roberts (US); Furnley Maurice (Frank Wilmot; Australia); John G. Neihardt (US)

Thomas Carlyle; Edgar Albert Guest; Josiah Gilbert Holland; Sidney Lanier; Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy; Marcus Clarke (Australia); L. Virginia French (US)

Sydney Dayre

F. J. Child's edition of English and Scottish Popular Ballads, in 5 vols. (1882-98): multiple versions of 305 ballads

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's In the Harbor

Martin Donisthorpe Armstrong; John Drinkwater; James Joyce (Ireland); Mina Loy; A. A. Milne; E.J. Pratt (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Anne Spencer (US); James Stephens (Ireland); Louise Morey Bowman (Canada); Thomas S. Jones, Jr.; Enid Derham (Australia)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (US); Henry Wadsworth Longfellow; William Brighty Rands; Dante Gabriel Rossetti; James Thomson; Henry Kendall (Australia); Brian Vrepont (Benjamin Arthur Truebridge) (Australia); Charles R. Thatcher (Australia); Sarah Mapps Douglass ("Ella") (US); Fanny Parnell (US)

James Clerk Maxwell's "In Memory of Edward Wilson" about Robert Burns's "Comin thro' the Rye" (composed 1796)

Emma Lazarus' Songs of a Semite

Robert Browning's Jocoseria

Emma Lazarus writes "The New Colossus" in aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund (for the New York "Statue of Liberty")

George Meredith's Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth

Algernon Charles Swinburne's A Century of Roundels

Ella (Wheeler) Wilcox's Poems of Passion

William Baylebridge (Australia); Charles Badger Clark Jr. (US); Max Eastman (US); Arthur Davison Ficke (US); Thomas Ernest Hulme; Geoffrey Anketell Studdert Kennedy; Alfred Kreymborg (US); Marjorie Pickthall (Canada); William Carlos Williams (US)

Charles Timothy Brooks; Edward Fitzgerald; George Moses Horton (US); William Hosack (Scotland); Sarah Louisa Forten ("Ada") (US)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Michael Angelo

James Whitecomb Riley's The Old Swimmin'-hole

Isabella Valency Crawford's Old Spookses' Pass, Malcolm's Katie, and Other Poems

Amy Levy's A Minor Poet and Other Verse

Percy Montrose's "Oh My Darling Clementine"

Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Donald Evans (US); James Elroy Flecker; Arthur Giovannitti (US); Edith Alice Mary Harper, aka Anna Wickham; Wilbert Snow (US); John Collings Squire; Sara Teasdale (US); W. J. Turner (Australia); Francis Brett Young

Charles Stuart Calverley; John Harris; Henry Clay Work; Henry Horne (Australia)

Sidney Lanier's Complete Poems

Lucy Larcom's Collected Poems

Henry Timrod's Katie

Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verses

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Marino Faliero

Alfred lord Tennyson's Tiresias and Other Poems, and "Balin and Balan"

Charles Richard Allen (New Zealand); Kingsley Fairbridge (Rhodesia); David Herbert Lawrence; Ezra Pound (US); Elinor Morton Hoyt Wylie (US); Andrew John Young (Scotland); Gerald Gould; Florence K. Frank; Vance Palmer (Australia); Dorothea Mackellar (Australia)

George Frederick Cameron (Canada); Helen Hunt Jackson; Monckton Milnes; Susanna Moodie; Charles Whitehead; Juliana Horatia Ewing; Maria W. Chapman (US)

Frederick James Furnivall founds the Shelley Society

Rudyard Kipling's Departmental Ditties

Alfred lord Tennyson's "Locksley Hall Sixty Years After"

Zoë Rumbold Akins (US); William Rose Benêt (US); Daniel Aloysius Casey (Canada); Frances Cornford; Hilda Doolittle (H.D.; US); John Gould Fletcher (US); John Henry Gray; Hazel Hall (US); Roy Helton (US); Georgia Douglas Johnson (US); Joyce Kilmer (US); Ma Rainey (US); Walter Adolpe Roberts (Jamaica); Siegfried Sassoon; John Hall Wheelock (US); Charles Williams

William Barnes; Emily Dickinson; Paul Hamilton Hayne; John Pierpont; Abram Joseph Ryan; George Thomas Lanigan; Joseph Medlicott Scriven

Emma Lazarus' "The New Colossus" is placed on a plaque at the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York

Helen Hunt Jackson's Sonnets and Lyrics

John Greenleaf Whittier's St. Gregory's Guest

Charles G.D. Roberts' In Divers Tones

Robert Browning's Parleyings with Certain People

George Meredith's Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life

Leonard Bacon (US); Mary Josephine Benson (Canada); Rupert Brooke; Shelton Brooks; Elizabeth Daryush, daughter of Robert Bridges; Marcus Garvey (Aug; Jamaica); Skipwith Cannell (US); Sir Julian Sorell Huxley; Orrick Johns (US); John Robinson Jeffers (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Meade Minnigerode; Marianne Craig Moore (US); Edwin Muir (Scotland); Charlie Patton (US); John Reed (US); Edith Louisa Sitwell; Sir Sacheverell Sitwell

Dinah Maria Mulock Craik; Isabella Valency Crawford; Emma Lazarus (US); Edward Rowland Sill; Egbert Martin ('Leo') (Guyana)

T.D. Sullivan's "Speak Gently" (Green Leaves. A Volume of Irish Verses 1887)about Lewis Carroll's "Speak Roughly to Your Little Boy" (1866)

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Before the Curlew

Emma Lazarus' By the Waters of Babylon

Terry Rose Cooke's Complete Poems

George Frederick Cameron's Lyrics on Freedom, Love and Death

Archibald Lampman's Among the Millet

Matthew Arnold's Essays in Criticism, second series

Ernest Henley's A Book of Verses

George Meredith's A Reading of Earth

Ernest Lawrence Thayer's "Casey at the Bat"

Irving Berlin (US); T. S. Eliot (US to 1927; then British); Julian Grenfell; Fenton Johnson (US); Aline Kilmer (US); Haniel Long (US); Katherine Mansfield (New Zealand); Eugene O'Neill (US); Fernando Pessoa (Portugal; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Crowe Ransom (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alan Seeger (US)

A. Bronson Alcott; Matthew Arnold; Mary Howitt; Edward Lear; John Crowe Ransom; Elizabeth Anna Hart

Winthrop Mackworth Praed's Political and Occasional Poems, ed. Sir George Young

Thomas Nelson Page and Armistead Churchill Gordon's Befo' de War

Walt Whitman's November Boughs

Robert Browning's Asolando

Eugene Field's A Little Book of Western Verse, including "Little Boy Blue" and "Wynkyn, Blynkyn and Nod"

Amy Levy's A London Plane Tree

Walter Pater's Appreciations: With an Essay on Style

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Poems and Ballads, 3rd series

Alfred lord Tennyson's Demeter and Other Poems; he writes "Crossing the Bar" in Oct. as he crossed the Solent

W. B. Yeats' The Wanderings of Oisin

Conrad Aiken (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anna Andreyevna Akhmatova (Ukraine; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Hervey Allen (US); J. R. Hervey (New Zealand); Blanche Lamontagne Beauregard; Harley Matthews (Australia); Dion Titherage; Arthur David Waley; Dorothy Wellesley

William Allingham (Ireland); Robert Browning; Eliza Cook; Gerard Manley Hopkins, of typhoid; Amy Levy, by suicide; Cornelius Mathews; Martin Farquhar Tupper; John Barr (New Zealand); Winifred Howells (US)

Emma Lazarus' Poems

Emily Dickinson's Poems published posthumously by editors Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson

Walter Pater's Appreciations with an Essay on Style

Robert Louis Stevenson's Ballads

Zora Cross (Australia); Ivor Gurney; A. P. Herbert; Elspeth Honeyman Clarke (Canada); H.P. Lovecraft (US); Claude McKay (US); Boris Pasternak (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jean Rhys (Dominica); Isaac Rosenberg; Joe Wallace (Canada)

George Henry Boker (US); J. H. Newman; John Boyle O'Reilly (US); Lucy E. Tilley (US)

Rudyard Kipling's "The Last of the Light Brigade" about Alfred Lord Tennyson's " The Charge of the Light Brigade" (1854)

James Whitcomb Riley's Rhymes of Childhood

John Greenleaf Whittier's At Sundown

John Davidson's In a Music Hall

William Morris's Poems by the Way

The Rhymers Club gathered at the Cheshire Cheese in Fleet Street, London, 1891-93, including John Davidson, Ernest Dowson, W. B. Yeats, and others

James Kenneth Stephens's Lapsus Calami and Quo Musa Tendis

Lereine Ballantyne; John Peale Bishop (US); Edwin Gerard ('Trooper Gerardy') (Australia); Lesbia Harford (Australia); Francis Ledwidge (Ireland) Osip Mandelstam (Russia; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Cole Porter (US)

Peter Hopegood (Australia); John Henry Hopkins, Jr.; James Russell Lowell (US); Edward Robert Bulwer Lytton; Douglas Huyghue (Canada); Herman Melville (US)

James Kenneth Stephen's "A Sonnet" about William Wordsworth's "Thought of a Briton on the Subjugation of Switzerland" (1807)

Emily Dickinson's Poems, Second Series, published by editors Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson

Helen Hunt Jackson's Poems

Herman Melville's Timoleon

Walt Whitman's Good Bye My Fancy

Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads, including "Gunga Din"

Alfred Tennyson's The Death of Oenone

Richard Aldington; Djuna Barnes (US); John Peale Bishop (US); Maxwell Bodenheim (US); Mary Phelps Crosby (US); Leon Gellert (Australia); Kenneth Leslie (Canada); Archibald MacLeish (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Hugh MacDiarmid; Edna St. Vincent Millay (US); Victoria Mary ("Vita") Sackville-West; J. R. R. Tolkien; César Vallejo (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Barcroft Boake, by suicide (Australia); Josiah D. Canning; Robert P. Coffin (US); Rose Terry Cooke (US); William Johnson Cory; Christopher Pearse Cranch; Alfred Lord Tennyson; James Whitfield (US); Walt Whitman; John Greenleaf Whittier

W. J. Linton's "How they Brought the News to a Gent" (Heliconundrums 1892) about Robert Browning's "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix" (1842)

Lucy Larcom's At the Beautiful Gate and Other Songs of Faith

SUFFRAGE REFORM IN NEW ZEALAND

Thomas Edward Brown's Old John, and Other Poems

John Davidson's Fleet Street Eclogues

Francis Thompson's Poems, including "The Hound of Heaven"

Gerald William Bullett; Arthur Stanley Bourinot (Canada); Richard Church; Frank A. Collymore (Barbados); Donald Davidson (US); Samuel Greenberg (US); Jorge Guillén (Spain; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Noel Hodgson; Thomas MacGreevy (Ireland); Robert Malise Bowyer Nichols; Wilfred Owen; Dorothy Parker (US); Frank Prewett (Canada); Sir Herbert Edward Read; Ivor Armstrong Richards; Sylvia Townsend Warner

Sarah Tittle Bolton; Phillips Brooks; Frances Anne Butler Kemble (US); Charles Sangster; John Addington Symonds; Lucy Larcom (US); Elizabeth Oakes Smith (US)

Paul Laurence Dunbar's Oak and Ivy

Charlotte Perkins Gilman's In This our World

James Whitcomb Riley's Poems Here at Home

Bliss Carman's Low Tide on Grand Pré

Charles G.D. Roberts' Songs on the Common Day

Duncan Campbell Scott's The Magic House

Robert Browning's Asolando

John Davidson's "Thirty Bob a Week"

Verse by Ben King (2nd edn., 1898)

Algernon Charles Swinburne's Astrophel and Other Poems

The Yellow Book, published 1894-97

W. B. Yeats' The Land of Heart's Desire

Edward Estlin Cummings (US); H.L. Davis (US); Eileen Duggan (New Zealand); Rolfe Humphries (US); H. Phelps Putnam (US); Charles Reznikoff (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); W. W. E. Ross (Canada); Bessie Smith; Genevieve Taggard (US); Jean Toomer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mark Van Doren (US)

Benjamin Franklin King's "If I Should Die" about Augusta Webster's "If?" (1867)

John Davidson's "A Ballad of a Nun" by Owen Seaman's "A Ballad of a Bun" (1896)

Frances Harper's The Martyr of Alabama

George Santayana's Sonnets and Other Verses

John Askham; Mary E. Hewitt (US); William Charles Hodgson (New Zealand); Heinrich Hoffman; Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (US); Rosa Vertner Johnson Jeffrey (US); Eugene Jolas (US); Benjamin Franklin King; Robert Fuller Murray, of consumption; Roden Berkely Wriothesley Noel; Walter Pater; Christina Rossetti, of cancer; Robert Louis Stevenson, of a brain haemorrhage, in Samoa; Celia Thaxter (US); Julia Augusta Webster; Constance Fenimore Woolson

Katharine Lee Bates' "America the Beautiful"

Gelett Burgess' "The Purple Cow"

James Whitcomb Riley's "Little Orphant Annie"

Capel Boake (Australia); Lilian Bowes-Lyon; Alter Brody (US); Babette Deutsch (US); Paul Éluard (France; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Abraham Lincoln Gillespie (US); Robert Graves (Britain; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Oscar Hammerstein II (US); Edward Philip Harrington (Australia); Lorena Hart (US); Robert Hillyer (US); Alberta Hunter (US); David Michael Jones (Wales); Charles Hamilton Sorley; Edmund Wilson (US)

Cecil Frances Alexander, née Humphreys; Louisa Sarah Bevington; Eugene Field; Thomas Henry Huxley; Frederick Locker-Lampson; William Wetmore Story; James Byrne Leicester Warren, baron de Tabley; Horatio Nelson Huggins (Trinidad)

Stephen Crane's The Black Riders

Paul Laurence Dunbar's Majors and Minors

James Russell Lowell's Last Poems

Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey's Songs from Vagabondia

Alfred Austin made British Poet Laureate

Ernest Christopher Dowson's Verses, including "Non Sum Qualis Eram"

A. E. Housman's A Shropshire Lad

William Morris publishes the Kelmscott Press edition of Chaucer's works

Andrew Barton (`Banjo') Paterson's The Man from Snowy River

Edmund Charles Blunden; Horace Bray (Canada); Austin Clarke (Ireland); Ida Cox (US); Nancy Cunard (US); Walter D'arcy Cresswell (New Zealand); John Dos Passos (US); Thomas Hornsby Ferril (US); Ira Gershwin (US); Ramon Guthrie (US); E.Y. Harburg (US); Frederick Robert Higgins (Ireland); Eugenio Montale (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Isidor Schneider (US)

Mathilde Blind; Henry Cuyler Bunner; Thomas Edward Brown; Alexander McLachlan; William Morris; Coventry Patmore; Paul Verlaine, at 52 (Jan. 8); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James Edward Fitzgerald (New Zealand)

Owen Seaman's "A Song of Renunciation (After A. C. S.)" about Algernon Charles Swinburne's "Dolores" (1866)

Owen Seaman's "A Ballad of a Bun" about John Davidson's "A Ballad of a Nun"

Edwin Arlington Robinson's The Torrent and the Night Before

Emily Dickinson's Poems, Third Series, edited by Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson

Paul Laurence Dunbar's Lyrics of Lowly Life

Edwin Arlington Robinson's The Children of the Night

Louise Bogan (US); Kenneth Burke (US); Emanuel Carnevali (US); William Faulkner (US); Blind Lemon Jefferson (US); Walter Lowenfels (US); David McCord (US); John Wheelwright (US)

Isabella Banks; William Gay (Australia); Jean Ingelow; W. J. Linton (US); Margaret Junkin Preston (US); Charles Henry Ross (ca.); James Joseph Sylvester; Pamelia Vining Yule (Canada)

William Henry Drummond's The Habitant

Thomas Hardy's Wessex Poems

Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol

Stephen Vincent Benét (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Louise Bogan; Harindranath Chattopadhyana (India); Govinda Krishna Chettur (India); Philip Albert Child; Malcolm Cowley (US); Harry Crosby (US); Horace Gregory (US); Luis Palés Matos (Puerto Rico; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edgell Rickword; William Soutar (Scotland); Melvin B. Tolson (US)

Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) (Jan. 14); Evan MacColl; Alexander MacGregor Rose (Scotland-Canada); Thomas Bracken (Ireland); Jane Euphemia Browne (Aunt Effie)

Julia Ward Howe's From Sunset Ridge

Wilfred Campbell's The Dreaded Voyage

Stephen Crane's War is Kind

Ernest Dowson's Decorations: in Verse and Prose

W. B. Yeats' The Wind among the Reeds

Léonie Fuller Adams (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Noël Coward; Hart Crane (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Thomas A. Dorsey (US); Hildegarde Flauner (US); Ernest Miller Hemingway (US); Raymond Knister (Canada); Janet Lewis (US); Federico Garcia Lorca (Spain; Academy of American Poets Web site); Joseph Moncure March (US); Vladimir Nabokov (US); Lynn Riggs (US); F. R. Scott (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Allen Tate (US); Constance Woodrow (Canada)

Archibald Lampman; Robert Lowry; Allen Tate (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Henry Timrod's Complete Poems

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PROCLAIMED JULY 9

Ernest Henley's For England's Sake

Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch edits The Oxford Book of English Verse.

W. B. Yeats' The Shadowy Waters

Basil Bunting (UK; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edward Dahlberg (US); Robert Desnos (France; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard A. W. Hughes (Wales); Ernest G. Moll (Australia); Giorgos Seferis (Greece; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Yvor Winters (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Alice Mary Buckton (South Africa);

Stephen Crane, of tuberculosis; Richard Watson Dixon; Ernest Christopher Dowson; Richard Hovey; William Larminie; Melvin Tolson; Henry Duff Traill; Oscar Wilde

Clarendon Press brings out Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch's edition, The Oxford Book of English Verse: 1250-1918, which is reissued up to 1939

An American Anthology, 1787-1900: Selections Illustrating the Editorâs Critical Review of American Poetry in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Edmund Clarence Stedman (reissued until 1909)

George Santayana's Hermit of Carmel

QUEEN VICTORIA DIES, JANUARY 22, and EDWARD VII (-1910) SUCCEEDS TO THE BRITISH THRONE

Thomas Hardy's Poems of the Past and Present

George Meredith's A Reading of Life

Adrian Hanbury Bell; Sterling A. Brown (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ignatius Roy D. Campbell (South Africa); Robert Francis (US); Lindley Williams Hubbell (US); Laura Riding Jackson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tom Inglis Moore (Australia); Salvatore Quasimodo (Italy; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kenneth Slessor (Australia)

Thomas Craig (South Africa);

Robert Williams Buchanan; Sarah Elizabeth Carmichael; William Ellery Channing; William Cosmo Monkhouse; Albery Allson Whitman

Thomas Hardy's Poems of the Past and Present

Walter De la Mare's Songs of Childhood

John Edward Masefield's Salt-Water Ballads, including "Sea-Fever" ("I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and sky")

on June 2, Clara Butt sings a special version of "Land of Hope and Glory," the final chorus from the "Coronation Ode" composed by Edward Elgar with lyrics by Arthur Christopher Benson

W. B. Yeats' Cathleen Ni Houlihan

Arna Bontemps (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kay Boyle (US); Kenneth Fearing (US); R. D. Fitzgerald (Australia); Nazim Hikmet (Greece; Academy of American Poets Web site); Langston Hughes (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Philip Manderson Sherlock (Feb. 25; Jamaica); Ogden Nash (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Michael William Edward Roberts; A. J. Smith (Canada); Stevie Smith; Eve Trlem (US)

Philip James Bailey; Aubrey Thomas De Vere; Thomas Dunn English; Lionel Pigot Johnson, of a head injury sustained in falling off a bar-stool; Bret Harte; William McGonagall (ca; Scotland); Albery A. Whitman; Septimus Winner; Elizabeth Drew Stoddard (US); D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson; James Brunton Stephens (Australia); Harry Morant ('The Breaker') (Australia); Arthur Patchett Martin (Australia)

George Cabot Lodge's Poems 1899-1902

Trumbull Stickney's Dramatic Verses

THE BOAR WAR ENDS (JUNE 1)

Edwin Arlington Robinson's Captain Craig

A small plaque is set on the Statue of Liberty and holds Emma Lazarus' poem, "The New Colossus" (1883)

ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT MAKE THE FIRST AIR FLIGHT

Thomas Traherne's Poetical Works, published for the first time by Bertram Dobell

W. B. Yeats' In the Seven Woods

Countee Cullen (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edwin Denby (US); R.G. Everson (Canada); Dudley Fitts (US); Brewster Ghiselin (US); Lorine Niedecker (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Charles Franklyn Plomer (South Africa); Carl Rakoski (US); A. L. Rowse (Cornwall)

Isa Craig (Scotland); William Ernest Henley, of tuberculosis and a fall; Charles Godfrey Leland; David Mills (Canada); Edward Cordle (Barbados); Harriet Maxwell Converse (US); Virna Woods (US)

Thomas Hardy's The Dynasts, I, followed by II (1906) and III (1908)

Christina Rossetti's Poetical Works, edited by W. M. Rossetti

Algernon Charles Swinburne's A Channel Passage, and Other Poems

W. B. Yeats' The King's Threshold and The Hour-Glass

Harold Acton; Audrey Alexandra Brown (Canada); Earle Birney (Canada); R.P. Blackmur (US); Arthur R. D. Fairburn (New Zealand); Cecil Day-Lewis; Richard Eberhart (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mary Elizabeth Frye (US); John Holmes (US); J. A. R. Mackellar (Australia); Pablo Neruda (Chile; Academy of American Poets Web site); Louis Zukovsky (US)

Sir Edwin Arnold; Adela Florence Nicolson Cory (pseud. "Lawrence Hope"), of suicide; Daniel Decatur Emmett; Trumbull Stickney, of a brain tumor (US)

Joel Chandler Harris' Tar-baby and other Rhymes of Uncle Remus

Gelett Burgess's "The Rubaiyat of Omar Cayenne" about Edward Fitzgerald's "RubÃ¡iyÃ¡t of Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (1859)

ALBERT EINSTEIN PROPOSES HIS SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

Edmund Clerihew Bentley's Biography for Beginners and the invention of the clerihew

Ernest Dowson's Poems, edited by Arthur Symons

Duncan Campbell Scott's "The Forsaken"

Oscar Wilde's De Profundis, published posthumously

Alfred G. Bailey (Canada); Howard Baker (US); Brian Coffey (Ireland); Idris Davies (Wales); Frank Marshall Davis (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dorothy Fields (US); Geoffrey Grigson; Patrick Kavanagh (Ireland); Stanley Kunitz (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Una Marson (Jamaica); R.A.K. Mason (New Zealand); Phyllis McGinley; Peter Quennel; Kenneth Rexroth (US); Rex Warner (Ireland); Robert Penn Warren (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Byron Vazakas (US)

Victor Daley (Australia); Susan Coolidge (Sarah Chauncey Woolsey); Violet Fane; John Hay; George MacDonald (Scotland)

Trumbull Stickney's Poems, edited by William Vaughn Moody, George Cabot Lodge, and John Ellerton Lodge

George Meredith receives the Order of Merit

Andrew Lang's "Brahma" about Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Brahma"

C. M. Doughty's The Dawn in Britain

Thomas Hardy's The Dynasts, II

Picasso's portrait of Gertrude Stein

Samuel Beckett; John Betjeman, later Sir; Helen Bevington; Stanley Burnshaw (US); Bruce Charles (Canada); Waring Cuney (US); William Empson, later Sir; Robin Hyde (Iris Guiver Wilkinson) (New Zealand); Joseph Kalar (US); Richard Lattimore (US); Anne Lindbergh (US); James Picot (Australia); Vernon Watkins (Wales)

Ronald Bottrall; Martha Browne; Paul Laurence Dunbar at 33 (Feb 9); William Kirby (Canada); James McIntyre; Adeline D. T. Whitney (US)

Thomas Nelson Page's The Coast of Bohemia

Robin Hyde (Jan. 19; NZ)

James Joyce's Chamber Music

Lizelia Augusta Jenkins Moorer's Prejudice Unveiled

Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Rudyard Kipling

Robert Service's The Spell of the Yukon and Other Verses, also titled Songs of a Sourdough, including "The Shooting of Dan McGrew" and "The Cremation of Sam McGee"

W. H. Auden (Academy of American Poets Web site; UK); Christopher Caudwell; A. D. Hope (Australia); Helene Johnson (US); Lincoln Kirstein (US); John Lehmann; Louis MacNeice (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jack Sorensen (Australia); John Thompson (Australia)

Thomas Bailey Aldrich (US); Mary Coleridge; William Henry Drummond; Francis Miles Finch; John Arthur Phillips; Francis Thompson; Annie Louisa Walker

Hilaire Belloc's Cautionary Tales for Children

John Davidson's Mammon and his Message

Barbara Frietchie, a film directed by J. Stuart Blackton (redone in 1915 and 1924) and based on the story told by John Greenleaf Whittier in the poem of the same name.

Edith Nesbit's Ballads & Lyrics of Socialism

Ezra Pound's A Lume Spento

Julian Bell; Constance Carrier (US); Alton Delmore (US); Dennis Devlin (Ireland); Paul Engle (US); Harry Hooton (Australia); Josephine Jacobsen (Canada; Academy of American Poets Web site); Ronald McCuaig (Australia); George Oppen (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kathleen Jessie Raine; Theodore Roethke (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Wright (US)

Julia A. Carney; Ernest Fenollosa; George Cabot Lodge; Louise Chandler Moulton (US); Alexander L. Posey; James Ryder Randall; Edmund Clarence Stedman

T. E. Hulme begins his Wednesday night meetings of the Poetry Club in London

Richard Watson Gilder's "Shelley's 'Ozymandias'" (Poems 1908) about Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ozymandias" (1818)

Owen Seaman's "'The Guineas': Or, How they brought the Good News from Newmarket to Girton" about Robert Browning's "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix" (1842)

Andrew Cecil Bradley's Oxford Lectures on Poetry

Founding of the Poetry Recital Society (now the Poetry Society)

Thomas Hardy's Time's Laughingstocks

George Meredith's Last Poems

Ezra Pound's Personae

Robert Service's Ballads of a Cheechako

John Millington Synge's Poems and Translations

Helen Adam (US); James Agee (US); Mary Barnard (US); Charles Brasch (New Zealand); Robert Garioch (Scotland); John Glassco (Canada); A.M. Klein (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Dorothy Livesay (Canada); Johnny Mercer (US); Elder Olson (US); Elizabeth Riddell (Australia); Edwin Rolfe (US); Stephen Spender (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bukka White (US)

Edith L. M. King (South Africa)

John Davidson, by suicide; Romesh Chunder Dutt (India); George Essex Evans (Australia); Richard Watson Gilder; William Reed Huntington; Sarah Orne Jewett; George Cabot Lodge; George Meredith; Stephen Spender (Feb. 28); Algernon Charles Swinburne, of pneumonia; John Millington Synge; John Banister Tabb (US); Albert Midlane; W. T. Goodge (Australia); Sophie Jewett (US)

John Davidson's Fleet Street and other Poems

Robert Service's Ballads of a Cheechako

GEORGE V (-1936)

John Masefield's Ballads and Poems

W. B. Yeats' Poems: Second Series

George Faludy (Canada); Robert Fitzgerald (US); Miguel Hernández (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Frank Loesser (US); Norman Alexander MacCaig (Scotland); Rosalie Moore (US); Charles Olson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); R. D. Murphy (Australia); Winfield Townley Scott (US)

Augusta Cooper Bristol; Gilbert E. Brooke (Singapore); James Ferguson (ca.); James Lister Cuthbertson; Julia Ward Howe (US); William Vaughn Moody (US); Arthur Joseph Munby; Thomas E. Spencer (Australia); Mark Twain, from angina pectoris; Anna Letitia Waring; Anna White (US)

John A. Lomax edits Cowboy Songs and other Frontier Ballads

Thomas Hardy receives the Order of Merit

Rudyard Kipling's "If--" (Rewards and Fairies 1910) by Gavin Ewart's "'If'" (1991)

Edwin Arlington Robinson's The Town Down the River

"Memphis Blues" composed

Britain establishes six copyright libraries (to which copies of all books published in the country must be sent): Bodleian Library (Oxford); British Library (London); National Library of Scotland (Edinburgh); National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth); Trinity College (Dublin); and University Library (Cambridge)

Rupert Brooke's Poems

Ezra Pound's Canzoni

Ben Belitt (US); Elizabeth Bishop (US); J. V. Cunningham (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Allen Curnow (New Zealand); Rose Drachler (US); Faiz Ahmed Faiz (India; Academy of American Poets Web site); Robert W. V. Gittings; Paul Goodman (US); William Hart-Smith (Australia); Robert Johnson (US); Sorley Maclean, aka Somhairle Macgill-Eain (Gailic); Josephine Miles (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Czeslaw Milosz (Lithuania; Academy of American Poets Web site); Alastair Morrison ('Afferbeck Lauder'; Australia); Ian Mudie (Australia); Kenneth Patchen (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mervyn Laurence Peake; Hyam Plutzik (US); Anne Porter (US); Hal Porter (Australia); Vivian Lancaster Virtue (Nov. 13; Jamaica); Tennessee Williams (US)

Elizabeth Akers Allen; James A. Bland; Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (India); W. S. Gilbert; Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (US); Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (US)

James Whitcomb Riley wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

A. E. Housman becomes Chair of Latin, Trinity College, Cambridge

E. V. Knox's "Upon Julia's Clothes" (The Brazen Lyre 1911) about Robert Herrick's "Upon Julia's Clothes"

Pauline Johnson's Flint and Feather

Sir Edward Marsh's anthology Georgian Poetry 1911-12

H. E. Monro edits The Poetry Review, journal of the Poetry Recital Society

Harriet Munroe founds Poetry: A Magazine of Verse in Chicago

Ezra Pound's Ripostes

Robert Service's Rhymes of a Rolling Stone

Kenneth Allott; John Cage (US); Clement Byrne Christesen (Australia); Lawrence George Durrell; William Everson (US); Roy Fuller; John Garrigue (US); Denis Glover (New Zealand); Woody Guthrie (US); Christopher Vernon Hassall; Lightnin' Hopkins (US); Irving Layton (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Donald McDonald (New Zealand); Charles Henry Madge; Frank Prince (South Africa); Anne Ridler; Roland Robinson (Australia); May Sarton

Francis Ernley Walrond (South Africa)

Joseph Furphy ('Tom Collins') (Australia); Andrew Lang (Scotland); Caroline Lindsay; Margaret E. Sangster

W. H. Alexander and William Lawson edit Representative Poetry, published by the University of Toronto Press in its first year, for English courses at the University of Toronto and selling for one dollar

THE TITANIC SANK ON APRIL 14 ON HER MAIDEN VOYAGE TO NEW YORK

Claude McKay's Songs of Jamaica

Robert Bridges made British Poet Laureate

Robert Frost's A Boy's Will

D. H. Lawrence's Love Poems

Vachel Lindsay's General Booth Enters Heaven and Other Poems

Harold Monro founds the Poetry Bookshop in London

Virginia Hamilton Adair (US); George Barker (US); John Blight (Australia); Aimée Césaire (Martinique; Academy of American Poets Web site); Charles Henri Ford (US); Robert Hayden (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Flexmore Hudson (Australia); Reginald Charles (Rex) Ingamells (Australia); Anne Marriott (Canada); Kenneth Mackenzie (Australia); John Frederick Nims (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Muriel Rukeyser (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Schubert (US); Delmore Schwartz (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Karl Shapiro (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Douglas Stewart (Australia); May Swenson (US); R. S. Thomas (Wales)

Alfred Austin; Lillie Devereux Blake (US); Edith Emma Cooper; Pauline Johnson, aka Tekahionwake (Canada); George Johnston (Canada); Joaquin Miller

Rabindranath Tagore receives the Nobel Prize for Literature

Richard Aldington and Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) marry

William Carlos Williams' The Tempers

WAR WORLD I BEGINS (JULY-SEPT.)

Robert Frost's North of Boston

Thomas Hardy's Satires of Circumstance

Des Imagistes: An Anthology, edited by Ezra Pound

Joyce Kilmer's Trees and Other Poems, including "Trees"

Carl Sandburg publishes "Chicago" in the magazine Poetry

W. B. Yeats' Responsibilities

Isodore Gordon Ascher; Ambrose Bierce (?); Katharine Harris Bradley; Madison Cawein; Adelaide Crapsey, of tuberculosis; Henrietta Anne Huxley

Vachel Lindsay's The Congo and other Poems

Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons

Joyce Kilmer's "Trees" by Ogden Nash's "Song of the Open Road" (1951) and David Hoover's "Trees" (2004)

W. C. Handy composes "St. Louis Blues"

John Berryman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Clifford Dyment (Wales); David Ignatow (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Randall Jarrell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Weldon Kees (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Laurie Lee; Douglas Lepan (Canada); Octavio Paz (Mexico); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Henry Reed; Charles Hubert Sisson; Dylan Thomas; William Stafford; John Couper (Australia); Arthur J. Seymour (Guyana); M. K. Joseph (New Zealand)

Richard Aldington's Images 1910-1915

Rupert Brooke's 1914 & Other Poems

Adelaide Crapsey's Verse, and her invention of the quintain, a five-line form

T. S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" published in Poetry (Chicago)

Thomas Hardy publishes "The Convergence of the Twain," on the sinking of the Titanic

Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology

Ezra Pound's Cathay

Edith Sitwell's The Mother and Other Poems

Mona Brand (Australia); (Rupert) John Cornford; R. A. D. Ford (Canada); Isabella Stewart Gardner (US); Alun Lewis (Wales); Sydney Goodsir Smith (Scotland); Ruth Stone (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Judith Wright (Australia); Patrick Anderson (Canada); David Campbell (Australia); J. S. Manifold (Australia); David Martin (Australia); Phyllis Allfrey (Oct. 24; Dominica); Eric Roach (Tobago)

Rupert Brooke, by blood poisoning; Helen Burrell D'Apery (US); Annie Fields (US); James Elroy Flecker, of tuberculosis; Julian Grenfell, killed at Ypres; Joe Hill (US); Michael McTurk (Guyana); Stuart Merrill; Charles Hamilton Sorley, killed in WW1 in France

Dorothy Auchterlonie (Australia); Francis Berry (March 23; UK); Judith Wright (Australia)

Alfred Kreymborg edits the first issue of Others: A Magazine of New Verse

Ezra Pound's "Ancient Music" about "Cuckoo Song" (1240)

A.S. Bourinot's Laurentian Lyrics

Hilda Doolittle's Sea Garden ("H.D.")

Robert Frost's Mountain Interval, including "Out, Out--"

D. H. Lawrence's Amores

Ezra Pound's Lustra

Carl Sandburg's Chicago Poems

Robert Service's Rhymes of a Red Cross Man

Charles Hamilton Sorley's Marlborough and Other Poems

George Campbell (Panama); Ronald M. Berndt (Australia); John Ciardi (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gavin Buchanan Ewart; David Gascoyne; Thomas McGrath (US); Eve Merriam (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Colin Newsome (Australia); P.K. Page (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Harold Stewart (Australia); Peter Robert Edwin Viereck (Aug. 5; US)

William Noel Hodgson; H. H. Munro ("Saki"); Henrietta Cordelia Ray (US); James Whitcomb Riley; Alan Seeger (US), in WW1 in France; Arabella Eugenia Smith; John Todhunter; John Townsend Trowbridge (US);

Edgar Guest's A Heap o' Livin', including "Home"

Edwin Arlington Robinson's The Man against the Sky

UNITED STATES ENTERS WORLD WAR I

Sarah Cleghorn's Portraits and Protest

T. S. Eliot's Prufrock and Other Observations

Thomas Hardy's Moments of Vision

D. H. Lawrence's Look! We have Come Through!

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Renascence and Other Poems

Poetry (Chicago) publishes Ezra Pound's first three cantos

Siegfried Sassoon's The Old Huntsman

Edward Thomas's Poems

W. B. Yeats' The Wild Swans at Coole

Gwendolyn Brooks (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Nancy Cato (Australia); Charles Causley; Fred Cogswell (Canada); Robert Conquest; Ruth Gilbert (New Zealand); Ruth Herschberger (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Wilbur G. Howcroft (Australia); Robert Lowell; James McAuley (Australia); Bertram Warr (Canada)

Henry Cuse; Samuel Greenberg (US); William Hamilton (South Africa), died in Flanders; Thomas Ernest Hulme, killed in WW1; Francis Ledwidge, killed at Flanders in WW1; Dr. John McCrae; John James Platt; Edward Thomas, killed in WW1 at Arras

Vachel Lindsay's The Chinese Nightingale

William Carlos Williams' Al Que Quiere!

Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn's Portraits and Protests, including "The Golf Links Lie so Near the Mill"

Rupert Brooke's Collected Poems

Gerard Manley Hopkins' Poems, edited by Robert Bridges

James Joyce's Exiles

D. H. Lawrence's New Poems

Wilfred Owen composes "Dulce et Decorum Est"

Siegfried Sassoon's Counter-Attack

Edward Thomas' Last Poems

Arthur David Waley's A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems

W. B. Yeats' Per Amica Silentia Lunae

Sara Teasdale's Love Songs (1917) wins a special Pulitzer prize

Henry Adams; Guillaume Apollinaire (Wilhelm-Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky) (Academy of American Poets Web site; Italy); Jane Barlow; Horace Bray (Canada); Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (US); William John Courthorpe; Mary Hannay Foott (Australia); Lena Guilbert Ford; Alfred Scott Gatty; Joyce Kilmer, at the second battle of the Marne; John McCrae (Canada); Wilfred Owen, killed at the Sambre canal; Isaac Rosenberg, killed in action

Carl Sandburg's "Manitoba Childe Roland" about Robert Browning's "'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came'" (1855)

Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Spring & Fall" by Martin Bell's "It is the Blight Man was Born for" (1988) and David Ray's "The Ashes" (1999)

Wilson MacDonald's Song of the Prairie

Margaret Avison (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Martin Bell; Louis Dudek (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Anne Elder (New Zealand); W. S. Fairbridge (Australia); William Sydney Graham (Scotland); John Heath-Stubbs; James Kirkup; Al Purdy (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); William Jay Smith (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Muriel Spark (Scotland); Amy Witting (Australia)

TREATY OF VERSAILLES ENDS WORLD WAR I (JUNE 28)

T. S. Eliot's Poems

Thomas Hardy's Collected Poems

Lieut.-Col. John McCrae's In Flanders Fields and Other Poems, posthumously published

Ezra Pound's Quia Pauper Amavi

Sigfried Sassoon's War Poems

Carl Sandburg's Cornhuskers (1918), awarded a special Pulitzer prize

Margaret Widdemer's Old Road to Paradise (1918) wins a special Pulitzer prize

Louise Simone Bennett, aka Louise Bennett-Coverley, aka "Miss Lou" (Jamaica); Ruth Dallas (Ruth Mumford) (Sept. 29; New Zealand); Madeline DeFrees (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Duncan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lawrence Ferlinghetti (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lil Green (US); William Meredith (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jiri Orten (Czechoslovakia); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); May Swenson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Barbara Ferland (Jamaica); Mary Stanley (New Zealand); Cole Turnley (Australia)

Benjamin Paul Blood; Wilfred Campbell (Canada); Sarah Morgan Piatt; Ella Wheeler Wilcox

Rosamund Stanhope (March 4; UK)

D. H. Lawrence's Bay: A Book of Poems

Methodist Book Room in Toronto (1829-) becomes the Ryerson Press

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE ADOPTED IN THE UNITED STATES

T. S. Eliot's The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism and Poems

Wilfred Owen's Poems, posthumously published

Ezra Pound's Hugh Selwyn Mauberley

Carl Sandburg's Smoke and Steel

W. B. Yeats' Michael Robartes and the Dancer

Charles Bukowski (Germany; Aug. 16; Academy of American Poets Web site); Paul Celan (Romania; Academy of American Poets Web site); Amy Clampitt (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alex Comfort; Rosemary Dobson (Australia); Keith Castellain Douglas; Dennis Joseph Enright; Max Fatchen (Australia); John J. M. Figueroa (Aug. 4; Jamaica); Barbara Guest (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gwen Harwood (Australia); Knolly La Fortune (Jan 2; Trinidad); Edwin Morgan (Scotland); Howard Nemerov (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Oodgeroo Noonuccal ('Kath Walker'; Australia); Alexander Scott (Scotland); Colin Thiele (Australia)

Charles Edward Carryl (US); Louise Imogen Guiney; William Dean Howells; Dollie Radford; John Reed (US)

Vachel Lindsay's The Golden Whales of California

William Carlos Williams' Kora in Hell

Frank Oliver Call's Acanthus and Wild Grape

Mrs. Dawson-Scott founds PEN, an international Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, and Novelists

T. S. Eliot's describes "dissociation of sensibility" as a poetic splitting of emotion from reason

D. H. Lawrence's Tortoises

Marianne Moore's Poems

John Collings Squire's Collected Parodies

George Mackay Brown; Hayden Carruth (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James A. Emanuel (US), Chester Kallman (US); Marie Ponsot (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Raymond Souster (Canada); Mona Van Duyn; Richard Wilbur (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Max Harris (Australia); T. H. Jones (Australia); Nan McDonald (Australia); Wilson Harris (March 24; Guyana)

Francis William Bourdillon; Austin Dobson; Ernest Myers; E. W. Hornung (Australia); Harriet Prescott Spofford (US); Lillian H. Shuey (US)

Hilda Doolittle's Hymen

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Second April

William Carlos Williams' Sour Grapes

T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land

Thomas Hardy's Late Lyrics and Earlier

James Weldon Johnson's Book of American Negro Poetry

Claude McKay's Harlem Shadows

Marjorie Pickthall's The Wood Carver's Wife, including "Marching Men"

Carl Sandburg's Slabs of the Sunburnt West

Sir William Walton's composition, Façade, a musical setting of 21 poems by Edith Sitwell

W. B. Yeats' Later Poems

Edwin Arlington Robinson's Collected Poems (1921) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Kingsley Amis (April 16); Elizabeth Brewster (Canada); John Bruce (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Donald Davie (US); Douglas Grant Lochhead (Canada); Michael Arthur LemiÃ¨re Hendriks (Jamaica); Jack Kerouac (US); Sidney Arthur Kilworth Keyes; Philip Larkin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Gillespie Magee Jr. (US); Jackson Mac Low (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eli Mandel (Canada); Vernon Scannell; Geoffrey Dutton (Australia); Aldwyn "Lord Kitchener" Roberts (April 18; Trinidad and Tobago); Basil McFarlane (Jamaica); Hone Tuwhare (New Zealand); Keith Sinclair (New Zealand); Kendrick Smithyman (New Zealand)

John Kendrick Bangs; Wilfred Scawen Blunt; Henry Lawson (Australia); Alice Meynell, née Thompson; Josephine Peabody; Marjorie Pickthall; Walter Alexander Raleigh; Harry Dacre; Thomas Nelson Page (US)

T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land by Wendy Cope's "Waste Land Limericks" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

Alberta Hunter writes and records "Downhearted Blues"

E. E. Cummings' Tulips and Chimneys

Walter De La Mare's anthology Come Hither: A Collection of Rhymes and Poems for the Young of all Ages

D. H. Lawrence's Birds, Beasts, and Flowers, including "Snake"

John Masefield's Collected Poems

Wallace Steven's Harmonium, including "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" and "The Emperor of Ice-Cream"

Jean Toomer's Cane

W. B. Yeats' The Cat and the Moon, including "Leda and the Swan"

Edna St. Vincent Millay's The Ballad of the Harp-weaver, A Few Figs (2nd edn.), and Eight Sonnets, all published in 1922, awarded the Pulitzer Prize this year

Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to W. B. Yeats

Dannie Abse; Milton Acorn (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Alexander Craig (Australia); Ivor Cutler (UK); James Dickey (Feb. 2; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alan Dugan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gloria Escoffery (Dec. 22; Jamaica); Mari Evans (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Cola Franzen (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anthony Hecht (US); Dorothy Hewett (Australia); Daniel Hoffman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Hugo (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Nancy Keesing (Australia); Denise Levertov; John Logan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eric Rolls (Australia); Bruce St. John (Barbados); James Schuyler (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bruce Simpson ('Lancewood'; Australia); Louis Simpson (March 27; Jamaica; Academy of American Poets Web site); Wislawa Szymborska (Poland; Academy of American Poets Web site)

Maurice Henry Hewlett; Katherine Mansfield (New Zealand), of tuberculosis; Francis Coutts; James Anderson (Canada); John Wilson Bengough; Alice Cunningham Fletcher (US)

William Carlos Williams's "This is just to say" by Kenneth Koch's "Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams" (1962)

Louise Bogan's Body of Death

Robert Frost's New Hampshire

Bessie Smith records "Down Hearted Blues" (Feb. 16)

William Carlos Williams' Spring and All

Edna St. Vincent Millay's The Harp-weaver

Marianne Moore's Marriage

E.J. Pratt's Newfoundland Verse

Tom MacInnes's Roundabout Rhymes

John Masefield's Sard Harker

A. A. Milne's When We Were Very Young, for children

Marianne Moore's Observations

Robert Frost's New Hampshire (1923) awarded the Pulitzer Prize

Vita Sackville-West's The Land, winner of the Hawthornden Prize

Sabine Baring-Gould; William Herbert Carruth (US); Thomas William Hodgson Crosland; Kingsley Fairbridge (South Africa); Hazel Hall (US); Edith Nesbit; Woodrow Wilson (US)

H.D.'s Heliodora and other Poems

As a result of publishing a number of articles critical of the Spanish government, Miguel de Unamuno was exiled without his family in 1924 to the island of Fuerteventura in the Canaries. He left Fuerteventura for Paris on a private boat, and in 1924 he published De Fuerteventura a ParÃs: Diario Ãntimo de confinamiento y destierro vertido en sonetos (From Fuerteventura to Paris: Intimate Diary of Confinement and Exile Poured Out in Sonnets)

Franklin Pierce Adams's "A Psalm of Freudian Life" about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "A Psalm of Life" (1838)

Hilda Doolittle's Heliodora

Robinson Jeffers' Tamar

"Sweet Georgia Brown" by Kenneth Casay

Claribel Alegría (Nicaragua); Academy of American Poets Web site; US) Yehuda Amichai (Germany); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elizabeth Bartlett; Patricia Beer; Edgar Bowers (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dennis Brutus (South Africa); Jane Cooper (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lauris Edmond (New Zealand); Nissim Ezekiel (India); David Ferry (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edward Field (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Janet Frame (New Zealand); Michael Hamburger; John Haines (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Zbigniew Herbert (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lisel Mueller (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Rowbotham (Australia); James Berry (Jamaica); Bub Bridger (New Zealand); Louis Johnson (New Zealand)

T. S. Eliot's Poems 1909-25, including "The Hollow Men"

Thomas Hardy's Human Shows

Ezra Pound's A Draft of XVI Cantos

W. B. Yeats' A Vision

Edwin Arlington Robinson's The Man Who Died Twice (1924), awarded the Pulitzer Prize

Philip Booth (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Theodore Enslim (US); Ian Hamilton Finlay (Scotland); Donald Justice (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bob Kaufman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carolyn Kizer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kenneth Koch; Maxine Kumin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gerald Stern (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Wain (March 14); Francis Webb (Australia); Jack Gilbert (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Vincent Buckley (Australia); Laurence Collinson (Australia); Jill Hellyer (Australia); J. R. Rowland (Australia); Jan Rynveld Carew (Guyana); Alistair Te Ariki Campbell (New Zealand)

Arthur Christopher Benson; Alfred Denis Godley; Amy Lowell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US), of stroke; George Washington Cable; Edith M. Thomas (US)

E. E. Cummings' & and XLI Poems

Countee Cullen's Color

Hilda Doolittle's Collected Poems

E. E. Cummings receives the Dial Award

E.J.Pratt's The Witches' Brew

Langston Hughes' The Weary Blues, including "The Weary Blues"

Hugh MacDiarmid's A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle

Archibald MacLeish's Streets in the Moon, including "The End of the World"

Dorothy Parker's Enough Rope

Ezra Pound's Personae

Amy Lowell's What's O'Clock (1925) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Ada Cambridge; Charles Montagu Doughty; Perceval Gibbon (South Africa); Rose Hawthorne Lathrop ("Mother Alphonsa"; US); Eva Selena Gore-Booth; Rainer Maria Rilke (Dec. 29, of leukemia; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Francis Joseph Sherman (Canada); George Sterling (US)

An artists' working community, Yaddo opens in Saratoga Springs, New York, with poets such as Louise Bogan

William Carlos Williams receives the Dial Award

A. R. Ammons (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James K. Baxter (New Zealand); Robert Bly (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Creeley (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marya Fiamengo (Canada); Allen Ginsberg (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Phyllis Gotlieb (Canada); Elizabeth Jennings; Christopher Logue (UK); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James Merrill (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Frank O'Hara (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James Reaney (Canada); W. D. Snodgrass (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Francis Edward Sparshott (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Wagoner (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Philip Appleman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Noel Macainsh (Australia); Peter Cape (New Zealand)

C. P. Cavafy receives the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek dictator Pangalos

W. B. Yeats's "Among School Children" by Richard Howard's "An Old Dancer" (1984)

Hart Crane's White Buildings

T.G. Roberts' The Lost Shipmate

E.J. Pratt's Titans

Gilbert Keith Chesterton's Collected Poems

T. S. Eliot's "The Journey of the Magi"; and he takes out British citizenship

James Weldon Johnson's God's Promises

James Joyce's Pomes Penyeach

J. L. Lowes' The Road to Xanadu, a book on the composition of S. T. Coleridge's "Kubla Khan"

Don Marquis' archie and mehitabel, a collection of vers libre poems typed by a former-poet-turned-cockroach by jumping on the keys of a typewriter

A. A. Milne's Now We are Six

W. B. Yeats' October Blast, including "Among School Children"

Leonora Speyer's Fiddler's Farewell (1926) wins the Pulitzer Prize

John Ashbery (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Martin Wylde Carter (June 7; Guyana); Henry Coulette (US); David Diop (France; Academy of American Poets Web site); Larry Eigner (US); Wilma Hedley (Australia); Evan Jones (Jamaica); Ellsworth McGranaham 'Shake' Keane (May 30; St. Vincent); Galway Kinnell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); W. S. Merwin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Murphy (Ireland); Grace Perry (Australia); Alan Riddell (Australia); Charles Tomlinson; Phyllis Webb (Canada); Daniel Williams (US; St. Vincent); James Wright (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Emma Marie Caillard; Florence Earle Coates (US); Lesbia Harford (Australia); Agnes Maule Machar ("Fidelis"; Canada); Charles Mair (Canada); John Bernard O'Hara (Australia); Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven (US)

Carl Sandburg edits The American Song Bag

Ezra Pound receives the Dial Award

Robinson Jeffers' The Women at Point Sur

Langston Hughes' Fine Clothes to the Jew

Edwin Arlington Robinson's Tristram

T. S. Eliot's For Lancelot Andrewes and "A Song for Simeon"

Thomas Hardy's Winter Words

Carl Sandburg's Good Morning America

Allen Tate's Mr. Pope and Other Poems, including "Ode to the Confederate Dead"

W. B. Yeats' The Tower

Edwin Arlington Robinson's Tristram (1927) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Maya Angelou, aka Marguerite Annie Johnson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bruce Beaver (Australia); Carol Bergé (US); R. F. Brissenden (Australia); Don Coles (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Peter Davison (US); Irving Feldman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Donald Hall (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Thomas Kinsella (Ireland); Philip Levine (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anne Sexton (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alan Sillitoe; Iain Crichton Smith (Scotland); James Wright (US); Andrew Salkey (Jan. 30; Panama); Col Wilson ('Blue the Shearer') (Australia)

Edmund Gosse; Thomas Hardy, of heart failure; Charlotte Mary Mew, by suicide; David McKee Wright (New Zealand); Elinor Morton Hoyt Wylie; Grace Blackburn (Canada); Ina Coolbrith (US)

W. H. Auden's Poems

Robert Frost's West-running Brook

Ezra Pound's A Draft of Cantos XVII to XXVII

Genevieve Taggard composes "Remembering Vaughan in New England" (Collected Poems, 1938 1938; citation), about Henry Vaughan's "The World" (1650)

W. B. Yeats's "Leda and the Swan" by Mona Van Duyn's "Leda" (1970)

Edna St. Vincent Millay's The Buck in the Snow

Dorothy Livesay's Green Pitcher

Robert Bridges' The Testament of Beauty

Cecil Day-Lewis' Transitional Poem

D. H. Lawrence's Pansies, minus fourteen poems omitted for fear of government prosecution

I. A. Richards' Practical Criticism: A Study in Literary Judgement

W. B. Yeats' The Winding Stair

Stephen Vincent Benét's John Brown's Body (1928) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Katharine Lee Bates; Bliss Carman (Canada); Harry Crosby; Blind Lemon Jefferson (US); Geoffrey Anketell Studdert Kennedy; Frederick Edward Weatherly

Edwin Arlington Robinson wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

NEW YORK STOCK MARKET CRASH (OCT. 29) DEPRESSES WESTERN ECONOMIES FOR TEN YEARS

Elinor Wylie's Angels and Earthly Creatures

Stephen Vincent Benét wins the Pulitzer Prize for his long narrative poem John Brown's Body

Louise Bogan's Dark Summer

Countee Cullen's The Black Christ

Henry Beissel (Canada); Anne Ellen Beresford; Edward Dorn (US); Ursula A. Fanthorpe; Thom Gunn (UK; Academy of American Poets Web site); John Hollander (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Howard (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); D.G. Jones (Canada); X. J. Kennedy (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Patrick Montague; Ned O'Gorman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Porter (Australia); Adrienne Rich (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Dale Scott (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); R. A. Simpson (Australia; Feb. 1)

W. H. Auden's Poems

Samuel Beckett's Whoroscope

Hart Crane's The Bridge

T. S. Eliot's "Ash-Wednesday" and "Marina"

William Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity, a book of criticism

Conrad Aitken's Selected Poems (1929) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Chinua Achebe (Nigeria); Adonis (Syria); (Academy of American Poets; US); (Edward) Kamau Brathwaite (Barbados); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gregory N. Corso (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Roy Fisher; Ted Hughes (UK); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mazisi Kunene (South Africa); Jon Silkin; Gary Snyder (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anthony Thwaite; Derek Walcott (West Indies); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tada Chimako (Japan); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tony Connor (UK); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bruce Dawe (Australia)

Robert Bridges (April 21); D. H. Lawrence (March 2), of tuberculosis; Arthur Conan Doyle; Anne Glenny Wilson nÃ©e Adams (New Zealand); Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (US)

D. H. Lawrence's Nettles

Ezra Pound's A Draft for XXX Cantos

John Masefield succeeds Robert Bridges as British Poet Laureate

T. S. Eliot's "Ash Wednesday" (1930) about William Shakespeare's "When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes" (1609)

Robert Frost's Collected Poems

Gertrude Stein's Dix Portraits

Langston Hughes' first novel Not Without Laughter wins the Harmon gold medal for literature

Sir John Betjeman's Mount Zion

Edmund Blunden publishes Wilfred Owen's poems

Robert Frost's Collected Poems (1930) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Katharine Hinkson, aka Katharine Tynan (Ireland); Vachel Lindsay, by suicide (drinking a bottle of Lysol); Armistead Churchill Gordon (US); Edward Dyson (Australia)

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Fatal Interview

Hugh MacDiarmid's First Hymn to Lenin

Hilda Doolittle's Red Roses for Bronze

Langston Hughes' Dear Lovely Death and The Negro Mother

Ethelwyn Wetherald's Lyrics and Sonnets

P'Bitek (East Africa); Alan Charles Brownjohn; Sonja Dunn (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Ruth Fainlight; Etheridge Knight (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Levi; Jay Macpherson (Canada); Adrienne Rich (US); Peter Chad Tigar Tomas Tranströmer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Judith Viorst (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Higham (Australia); Evan Jones (Australia); Philip Martin (Australia)

W. H. Auden's The Orators

Sterling Brown's Southern Road

T. S. Eliot's Sweeney Agonistes and Selected Essays

Thomas Hardy's Collected Poems

Sir Julian Sorell Huxley's The Captive Shrew and other Poems of a Biologist

F. R. Leavis' New Bearings in English Poetry attacks late Victorian and Georgian poetry and praises Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, and other modernists

W. B. Yeats' Words for Music Perhaps

George Dillon's The Flowering Stone (1931) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Patrick Cullinan (South Africa); Geoffrey Hill (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jenny Joseph; Douglas Livingstone (South Africa); George Mann MacBeth (Jan. 19); Michael McClure (US); Adrian Mitchell; Christopher Okigbo (Nigeria); Linda Pastan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sylvia Plath (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter William Redgrove; John Updike (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Linda M. Stitt (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Antin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William A. Bauer; Iain Lonie (New Zealand); C. K. Stead (New Zealand); Charlee Marshall (Australia)

Gamaliel Bradford (US); Christopher John Brennan (Australia); Hubert N. W. Church; Edmund Vance Cooke (US); Hart Crane (US), by suicide; Academy of American Poets Web site; US; Alice Katherine Fallows (US); Kenneth Grahame; Thomas G. Jones, Jr.; Raymond Knister, by drowning (Canada); J. A. R. Mackellar (Australia); Harold Edward Monro; Clinton Scollard

Hugh MacDiarmid's Scots Unbound and Other Poems

Edna St. Vincent Millay reads her poems on a national radio network

David Herbert Lawrence composed "Dark Satanic Mills" (Last Poems 1932) about William Blake's "And did those feet in ancient time" (1808)

Gilbert Keith Chesterton's "Dolores Replies to Swinburne" in "Answers to the Poets" (Collected Poems 1932) about Algernon Charles Swinburne's "Dolores" (1866)

Gilbert Keith Chesterton's "The Skylark Replies to Wordsworth" about William Wordsworth's "To a Skylark"

Langston Hughes' The Dream Keeper and Scottsboro Limited

E.J. Pratt's Many Moods and The Fable of the Goats

W. H. Auden's The Dance of Death

Cecil Day-Lewis' The Magnetic Mountain

T. S. Eliot's The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism

Gregory Grigson founds New Verse (1933-39)

A. E. Housman's Leslie Stephen Lecture at Cambridge, "The Name and Nature of Poetry"

D. H. Lawrence's Last Poems

Stephen Spender's Poems

W. B. Yeats' Collected Poems

Archibald MacLeish's Conquistador (1932) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Gerald William Barrax (US); Maureen Duffy; Kevin Ireland (New Zealand); John Edward Mackenzie Lucie-Smith (Feb. 27; Jamaica); Alden Nowlan (Canada); Joe Rosenblatt (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Anne Stevenson; Robert Sward (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Croyston (Australia); Vivian Smith (Australia)

John Le Gay Brereton (Australia); C. P. Cavafy (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Jay Chapman; Thomas MacDermot ('Tom Redcam'; Jamaica); Lilla Cabot Perry (US); Sara Teasdale (US); Henry Van Dyke

W. H. Auden's "Paysage MoralisÃ©" (Poems 1933; imitation), about Sir Philip Sidney's "You Gote-heard Gods" (1590)

Walter Carruthers Sellar and Robert Julian Yeatman's "How I Brought the Good News from Aix to Ghent, or Vice Versa" (Horse Nonsense 1933) about Robert Browning's "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix" (1842)

Hart Crane's Collected Poems

Ezra Pound's A Draft of XXX Cantos

Leo Kennedy's The Shrouding

The Barretts of Wimpole Street, a film directed by Sidney Franklin, with Norman Shearer as Elizabeth Barrett and Fredric March as Robert Browning; redone in 1957, less successfully

T. S. Eliot's The Rock

Dylan Thomas' Eighteen Poems, including "The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower"

William Carlos Williams' Collected Poems

W. B. Yeats' The King of the Great Clock Tower

Robert Hillyer's Collected Verse (1933) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Laurence Whistler wins the King's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Fleur Adock (New Zealand); Jack Agüeros (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Amiri Baraka (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ted Berrigan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Wendell Berry (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Bland (New Zealand); Leonard Cohen (Canada); Kamala Das (India); Diane Di Prima (US); Henry Dumas (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anselm Hollo (Finland; Academy of American Poets Web site); Abdur-Rahman Slade Hopkinson (Guyana); Barry Humphries (Australia); Everett Le Roi Jones, aka Amiri Baraka; M. Travis Lane (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Hettie Jones (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Audre Lorde; David Malouf (Australia); Walt McDonald (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); N. Scott Momaday (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sonia Sanchez (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Wole Soyinka (Nigeria); Mark Strand; Ann Tregenza (Australia); Chris Wallace-Crabbe (Australia)

Mary Hunter Austin (US); Jean Blewett (Canada); John Henry Gray; Charlie Patten (US); Dion Titherage

Phyllis McGinley's On the Contrary

Ezra Pound's Eleven New Cantos: XXXI-XLI and Homage to Sextus Propertius

ADOLF HITLER BECOMES DICTATOR IN GERMANY

T. S. Eliot's Murder in the Cathedral

William Empson's Some Versions of Pastoral

George Gershwin's musical Porgy and Bess

Louis MacNeice's Poems

John Masefield's Box of Delights

Wallace Stevens' Ideas of Order

W. B. Yeats' A Full Moon in March

Audrey Wurdemann's Bright Ambush (1934) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Kofi Awoonor (Ghana); Michael Benedikt (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); E. D. Blodgett (Canada); George Bowering (Canada); Richard Brautigan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Roque Dalton (El Salvador; Academy of American Poets Web site); Clayton Eshleman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Slinger "The Mighty Sparrow" Francisco (July 9; Grenada); Rodney Hall (Australia); Rore Hapipi (Rowley Habib) (New Zealand); George Jonas (Canada); Robert Kelly (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Joy Kogawa (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Pat Lowther (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Mary Oliver (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Thomas W. Shapcott (Australia); Carol Shields (Canada); David R. Slavitt (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jon Stallworthy; Randolph Stow (Australia); Donald Michael Thomas; Ivan van Sertima (Jan. 26; Guyana); Charles Wright (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jay Wright (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Alice Dunbar-Nelson; Helena Mabel Forrest; Charlotte Perkins Gilman (US); Susan Frances Harrison ("Seranus"; Canada); Fernando Pessoa, (Nov. 30), of cirrhosis of the liver (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); J. A. Philp (Australia); Lizette Woodworth Reese; Edwin Arlington Robinson; George William Russell, Æ; Sir William Watson

W. H. Auden weds Erika Mann, daughter of Thomas Mann, by proxy to free her from Nazi Germany

E.J. Pratt's The Titanic

Francis Sherman's Complete Poems

EDWARD VIII (-1936); GEORGE VI (-1952)

W. H. Auden's Look, Stranger!

T. S. Eliot's Collected Poems 1909-35, including Burnet Norton

James Laughlin founds New Directions Press (New York), which published many modern poets for the first time

F. R. Leavis's Revaluation rejects Milton, Spenser, and Shelley and praises Donne, Pope, Hopkins, Eliot, and others

Dorothy Parker's Not So Deep as a Well

Michael Roberts edits The Faber Book of Modern Verse, which praises poets such as W. H. Auden and T. S. Eliot and ignores poets like Robert Frost and Thomas Hardy

Dylan Thomas' Twenty-Five Poems, including "And Death Shall have No Dominion"

W. B. Yeats edits The Oxford Book of Modern Verse

W. H. Auden wins the King's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Robert Coffin's Strange Holiness (1935) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Wallace Stevens' Owl's Clover

SPANISH CIVIL WAR (July 17 - )

A. E. Housman's More Poems

Robert Frost's A Further Range

Marianne Moore's The Pangolin

Carl Sandburg's The People, Yes

Eugene O'Neill receives the Nobel Prize for Literature

George Amabile (Canada); Edward Alston Cecil Baugh (Jan. 10; Jamaica); George Bowering (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Pepper Clark (Nigeria); Lucille Clifton (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Robert Colombo; Christopher Dafoe (Canada); Jayne Cortez (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sandra M. Gilbert (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edith Grossman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elisabeth Harvor (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); June Jordan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Margaret Mahy (New Zealand); Clarence Major (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marge Piercy (US); Judith Rodriguez (Australia); Graeme Kinross Smith (Australia); Norman Talbot (Australia); C. K. Williams (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Christopher Wiseman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Young (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Arthur H. Adams (New Zealand); Gilbert Keith Chesterton; Govinda Kristna Chettur; (Rupert) John Cornford; Miguel de Unamuno (Academy of American Poets Web site; Gerald Gould; US); A. E. Housman, of a heart attack; Rudyard Kipling, (Jan. 18; UK); Federico García Lorca (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Harriet Monroe (US), of a cerebral haemorrhage

Sir John Betjeman's Continual Dew, including "The Arrest of Oscar Wilde at the Cadogan Hotel"

Iowa Writers' Workshop founded by Paul Engle at the University of Iowa

David Jones' In Parenthesis

Isaac Rosenberg's Collected Works, posthumously published

J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit

The United States unofficially appoints Poet Laureates (as Poetry Consultants to the Library of Congress)

Robert Frost's A Further Range (1936) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Edwin Markham wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Marvin Bell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Meg Campbell (New Zealand); Howard Fergus (Montserrat); John Fuller (US); Don Gutteridge (Canada); Michael Harlow (New Zealand); Claire Harris (June 13; Trinidad); Tony Harrison (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Susan Howe (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marc Matthews (Guyana); Don Maynard (Australia); Mervyn Morris (Jamaica); Vincent O'Sullivan (New Zealand); Alicia Ostriker; Glen Sorestad (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Diane Wakoski; Eleanor Wilner (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Julian Bell, in the Spanish Civil War; Anna Hempstead Branch (US); Christopher Caudwell; Ivor Gurney; H.P. Lovecraft (US); Don Marquis (US); Dorothy Frances McCrae (Australia); Bessie Smith (US); Edith Wharton (US); Constance Woodrow

E.J. Pratt won the first Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Fable of the Goats

Louis Ginsberg's "Special Delivery Letter to Shelley" (The Everlasting Minute and Other Lyrics 1937) about Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" (1820)

Edwin Muir's "The Enchanted Knight" (Journeys and Places 1937) about John Keats's "La Belle Dame sans Merci" (1820)

Wallace Stevens' The Man with the Blue Guitar

Ezra Pound's The Fifth Decade of Cantos

Phyllis McGinley's One More Manhattan

Thomas H. Johnson publishes Edward Taylor's poems for the first time

Louise Bogan's The Sleeping Fury

W. H. Auden receives the King's Medal for Poetry

Louis MacNeice's The Earth Compels

Understanding Poetry, edited by Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren (appearing thereafter in revised editions to 1976)

W. B. Yeats' New Poems, including "Lapis Lazuli"

Marya Zaturenska's Cold Morning Sky (1937) wins the Pulitzer Prize

B. A. Breen (Australia); Leroy Clarke (Nov. 7; Trinidad); Robert Cockburn (Canada); Michael Harper (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tony Harrison; David Helwig (Canada); Frances Horovitz; Keroapetse Kgositsile (South Africa); Hugh Lauder (New Zealand); Deena Linett (US); Leslie Allan Murray (Australia; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Newlove (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Ishmael Reed (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Simic (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); George Thaniel (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Lascelles Abercrombie; C. J. Dennis (Australia); James Weldon Johnson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Johnson (US); Jack Judge; Osip Mandelstam, Dec. 7 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jessie Mackay (New Zealand); Sir Henry John Newbolt; César Vallejo, April 15 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Kenneth Leslie won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with By Stubborn Stars

W. H. Auden's "MusÃ©e des Beaux Arts" by Irving Feldman's "Just Another Smack" (1983), Alicia Ostriker's "Holocaust" (1998), and George Szirtes's "A Greek MusÃ©e" (1988)

Ogden Nash's I'm a Stranger Here Myself

F. T. Prince's (Poems)

Langston Hughes' A New Song

Kenneth Leslie's By Stubborn Stars

AUSTRALIA, GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND NEW ZEALAND DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY (SEPT. 3)

T. S. Eliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats

Gunga Din, a film directed by George Stevens, based loosely on Rudyard Kipling's poem of the same name

Poetry London, a magazine founded by Dylan Thomas, its editor James Meary Tambimuttu, and others

Dylan Thomas's The Map of Love

Christopher Smart's Rejoice in the Lamb: A Song from Bedlam, posthumously edited by W. F. Stead (now titled Jubilate agno), including a celebration of Christopher's cat Jeffry

W. B. Yeats' Last Poems and Two Plays

John Gould Fletcher's Selected Poems (1938) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Robin Hyde (Iris Guiver Wilkinson) (New Zealand); Edwin Ford Piper (US); Ma Rainey (US); Rose Hartwick Thorpe; William Butler Yeats, of heart failure

Robert Frost wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Edward Archibald Markham (Oct. 1; Montserrat)

Arthur S. Bourinot won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Under the Sun

Edna St. Vincent Millay's "VI Over the Hollow Land" (Huntsman, What Quarry? 1939) about John Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" (1820)

THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR ENDS IN VICTORY FOR GENERAL FRANCO

Dick Allen (US); Paula Gunn Allen (US); Margaret Atwood (18 November; Canada); Frank Bidart (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); bill bissett (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Siv Cedering (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Stephen Dunn (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Seamus Heaney (Ireland); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Michael Longley (Ireland); Patrick Lane (Canada) Dennis Lee (Academy of American Poets Web site; US; and Canadian Poetry Web site); José Emilio Pacheco (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Stanley Plumly (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Primus St. John (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Quincy Troupe (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Fred Wah (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Al Young (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Steele (Australia); Dennis Scott (Dec. 16; Jamaica); Wystan Curnow (New Zealand); Clive James (Australia)

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Huntsman, What Quarry?

Edward Taylor's God's Determinations (ca. 1682) first published

Anne Marriott's The Wind our Enemy

Robin Hyde (August 23; NZ)

W. H. Auden's Another Time

Sir John Betjeman's Old Lights for New Chancels

T. S. Eliot's East Coker, published in New English Weekly

Dylan Thomas' Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog

Michael Thwaites wins the King's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Mark Van Doren's Collected Poems (1939) wins the Pulitzer Prize

Douglas Barbour (Canada); Joseph Brodsky; Martha Collins (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Delano Abdul Malik De Coteau (Grenada); Frank Davey (Canada); Fanny Howe (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Angela De Hoyos (US); Gary Hyland (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Michael Jackson (New Zealand); Geoffrey Lehmann (Australia); Hollis Urban Lester Liverpool, "The Mighty Chalkdust" (Trinidad and Tobago); Paul Mariani (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Rachel McAlpine (New Zealand); David W. McFadden (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Mitchell (New Zealand); Geoff Page (Australia); Robert Pinsky (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Craig Powell (Australia); Jack Prelutsky (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Andrew Taylor (Australia)

Laurence Alma-Tadema; Alfred Cruickshank (ca.; Trinidad); William Henry Davies; Hamlin Garland; Marcus Garvey (June 10; Jamaica); Ella Higginson (US); Edwin Markham (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Milicent W. Shinn (US); Ernest Lawrence Thayer; Agnes Ethelwyn Wetherald (Canada); John Wheelwright (US); Humbert Wolfe

E.J.Pratt wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with BrÃ©beuf and His Brethren

Yver Winters' Poems

Robert Hayden's Heart-Shape in the Dust

Ezra Pound's Cantos LII - LXXI

Phyllis McGinley's A Pocketful of Wry

Thomas McGrath's First Manifesto

Woody Guthrie composes "This Land is my Land"

A. M. Klein's Hath not a Jew

JAPAN ATTACKS PEARL HARBOR (NOV. 27)

W. H. Auden's New Year Letters (or The Double Man)

T. S. Eliot's The Dry Salvages, published in New English Weekly

On September 3, 19-year-old John Gillespie Magee, Jr., flew a high-altitude test flight in a Spitfire V and afterwards wrote "High Flight" about the experience

John Crowe Ransom's The New Criticism

Leonard Bacon's Sunderland Capture (1940) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 5)

Billy Collins (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mahmoud Darwish (Palestine; Academy of American Poets Web site); Toi Derricotte (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Stephen Dobyns (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eamon Grennan (Ireland); (Academy of American Poets Web site); Robert Hass (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lyn Hejinian (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Roger McDonald (Australia); Gwendolyn MacEwen; Derek Mahon (Ireland; Academy of American Poets Web site); Dave Margoshes (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Owen Marshall (New Zealand); Anthony McNeill (Jamaica); Simon J. Ortiz (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Rosenfield (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Lloyd Schwartz (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elizabeth Smither (New Zealand); Stephen Yenser (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Allen Zimmerman, aka Bob Dylan

William Talbot Allison (Canada); Sherwood Anderson (US); Alfred T. Chandler ('Spinifex'; Australia); Andrew Barton ("Banjo") Paterson (Australia); Enid Derham (Australia); Frederick Robert Higgins; Aline Kilmer; James Joyce; John Gillespie Magee Jr. (US); John G. Neihardt (US); Jiri Orten (Aug. 30; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lola Ridge (US); Elizabeth Madox Roberts (US); Rabindranath Tagore (India)

Anne Marriott won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Calling Adventurers

Theodore Roethke's Open House

Edna St. Vincent Millay's Collected Sonnets

Marya Zaturenska's The Listening Landscape

Marianne Moore's What are Years

William Carlos Williams' The Broken Span

Earle Birney's David and Other Poems, including "David", for which he won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada)

Walter De la Mare's Collected Poems

T. S. Eliot's Little Gidding, published in New English Weekly

Patrick Kavanagh's The Great Hunger

Alun Lewis' Raiders' Dawn, on a soldier's life in the World War II

William Rose Benét's The Dust Which is God (1941) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 4)

Gertrude Bartlett; William Baylebridge (Australia); Minnie Hallowell Bowen (Aug 1; Canada); Emanuel Carnevali (US); George M. Cohan (US); Miguel Hernández (March 28) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Donald McDonald (New Zealand); Lucy Maud Montgomery; John Shaw Nielson (Australia); William Satchell (New Zealand); Furnley Maurice (Frank Wilmot) (Australia)

Langston Hughes' Shakespeare in Harlem

J. V. Cunningham's The Helmsman

Wallace Steven's Notes toward a Supreme Fiction

Ama Ata Aidoo (Ghana); Mahmoud Darwish (Palestine); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US) Mark DeFoe (US); Douglas Eaglesham Dunn (Scotland); Jennifer Footman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Marilyn Hacker; David Henderson (US); Haki Madhubuti (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Matthews (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Pat Mora (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Arthur Nortje (South Africa); Sharon Olds (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Henry Taylor (US); Hugo Williams; Paul Keens-Douglas (Trinidad); Frederick Nathaniel "Toots" Hibbert (Jamaica); Judy Miles (ca.; Trinidad); Kevyn Arthur (Barbados); Pamela Mordecai (Jamaica); Michael Morrissey (New Zealand)

John Barryman's Poems

Robert Frost's A Witness Tree

Rodgers and Hammerstein's US musical Oklahoma

Dylan Thomas's New Poems

Robert Frost's A Witness Tree (1942) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3)

Bert Almon (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Alfred Corn (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Emanuel di Pasquale (Italy; Academy of American Poets Web site); Tess Gallagher (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sarah Getty (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Nikki Giovanni (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Louise Glück (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sam Hamill (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Maureen Harris (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Dinah Hawken (New Zealand); Roger McTair (Trinidad; Canada); Michael Ondaatje (Canada; Academy of American Poets Web site); Michael Palmer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Stephen Scobie (Canada); Olive Senior (Jamaica); James Tate (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Tranter (Australia); Bill Zavatsky (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Stephen Vincent Benét, at 44 (March 13; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Laurence Binyon; Arthur Guiterman (US); Radclyffe Hall; Lorenz Hart (US); Marsdem Hartley (US); Kate Simpson Hayes (Canada); Sidney A. K. Keyes, killed in Tunisia in WW2; Edward Abbott Parry; Laura E. Richards; Charles G. D. Roberts (Canada); Chief K'hhalserten Sepass (Canada); William Soutar; Bertram Warr

Andrew Thomas Knights Crozier (July 26; UK)

A.J.M. Smith wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with News of the Phoenix

ALLIED FORCES INVADE ITALY

T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets (collected and printed in US)

Edwin Muir's The Narrow Place

Yvor Winters' The Giant Weapon

Sidney Keyes' The Iron Laurel wins the Hawthornden Prize

A Grand Jury in the District of Columbia indicts Ezra Pound for treason in his radio broadcasts for fascist Italy

Archibald Lampman's At the Long Sault

A.J.M. Smith's News of the Phoenix

W. H. Auden's For the Time Being: A Christmas Oratorio

Walter De la Mare's Collected Rhymes and Verses

H. D.'s (Hilda Dolittle's) Trilogy (1944-46), on war-time London, and her The Walls do not Fall

T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets (published as a series in the UK)

Stephen Vincent Benét's Western Star posthumously (1943) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 1)

Edith Henrich of Williams Bay, Wisconsin, wins the first prize of the Poetry Society of America (Jan. 2)

Robert Adamson (Australia; May 17); Sandra Alcosser (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eric Bogle (Australia); Eavan Boland (Ireland; Academy of American Poets Web site); Wayne Brown (Trinidad); Faustin Charles (Trinidad); Jimmy Cliff (born James Chambers; Jamaica); John Donlan (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Paul Duncan; Susan Ioannou (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Penn Kemp (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Mary Kinzie (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sid Marty (Canada); BP Nichol (Canada); Peter Olds (New Zealand); Pedro Pietri (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Craig Anthony Raine; John Reibetanz (Canada); Linda Rogers (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Peter Tosh (Jamaica); Brian Turner (New Zealand); Alice Walker (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Frances Jones Bannerman; John Peale Bishop (US); Louise Morey Bowman (Canada); A. H. Reginald Buller; Olivia Bush; Joseph Campbell; Keith Castellain Douglas, killed in WW2 at Normandy; George Herriman; Stephen Leacock; William Ellery Leonard (US); Alun Lewis, killed in WW2 in Burma; Grace Denio Litchfield (US); Thomas Sturge Moore; Robert Malise Bowyer Nichols; James Picot (Australia); Frederick George Scott; Charles Souter ('Dr. Nil'; Australia); Charles Erskine Scott Wood (US)

Dorothy Livesay won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Day and Night

ALLIED FORCES INVADE NORMANDY

Karl Shapiro's V-Letter

Marya Zaturenska's The Golden Mirror

Marianne Moore's Nevertheless

William Carlos Williams' The Wedge

Dorothy Livesay's Day and Night

A.M. Klein's Poems

Sir John Betjeman's New Bats in Old Belfries

THE UNITED STATES DROPS ATOMIC BOMBS ON HIROSHIMA (AUG. 6) AND NAGASAKI (AUG. 9)

Louise Bogan holds the Library of Congress Chair of Poetry (1945-46)

Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes, based on George Crabbe's The Borough

Randall Jarrell's Little Friend, Little Friend, including "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner"

Alun Lewis's Ha! Ha! Among the Trumpets, posthumously published

Ezra Pound is arrested for treason at Genoa and imprisoned in a cage at Pisa by the US army (May 8)

W. H. Auden wins the American Academy of Arts and Letters poetry prize (March 28)

Karl Shapiro's V-Letter and Other Poems (1944) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7)

Maurice Baring; Mary Ursula Bethell (New Zealand); Capel Boake; Margaret Deland (US); Robert Desnos (June 8; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas; Arthur Davison Ficke (US); Ellen Glasgow (US); James S. Martinez (ca.; Belize); Jack Moses (Australia); Paul Valéry (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Williams

Earle Birney won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Now is Time

ALLIED FORCES FREE BUCHENWALD AND BELSEN (April)

V-E DAY (May 8)

Hilda Doolittle's Tribute to the Angels

Linda Bierds (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Terry Blackhawk (US); Marianne Bluger (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Syl Cheyney-Coker (Sierra Leone); Hal Colebatch (Australia); Wendy Cope; Cyril Dabydeen (Guyana); W. S. Di Piero (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Annie Dillard (US); Norman Dubie (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Calvin Forbes (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Gray (Australia); Bernadette Hall (New Zealand); Daniel Halpern (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ellen Jaffe (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Bob Marley (Feb. 6; Jamaica); Bernadette Mayer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); J.D. McClatchy (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carol Muske-Dukes (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alice Notley (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Skrzynecki (Australia); Alan Smith (Australia); Anne Waldman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tom Wayman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Adam Zagajewski (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Philip Larkin's The North Ship

F.R. Scott's Overture

Miriam Waddington's Green World

W. H. Auden becomes a US citizen

Roy Campbell's Talking Bronco

Walter De la Mare's The Traveller

Henry Reed's A Map of Verona, including "Naming of Parts"

Dylan Thomas' Deaths and Entrances, including "Fern Hill" and "A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London"

William Carlos Williams' Paterson (1946-58)

Ralph Hodgson wins the National Institute of Arts and Letters Award for Distinguished Achievement to a foreign poet in the US (April 29)

Pulitzer Prize for poetry goes unawarded this year

Ridgely Torrance wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Mary Jo Bang (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ken Belford (Canada); Robert Bringhurst (Canada); Wanda Coleman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Patrick Friesen (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Alison Hawthorne Deming (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sam Hunt (New Zealand); Christopher Laird (UK, Trinidad); Larry Levis (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Thomas Lux (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marilyn Nelson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Minnie Bruce Pratt (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Janis Rapoport (Canada; Canadian Poetry web site); Libby Scheier (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Ian Wedde (New Zealand); Susan Wood (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dale Zieroth (Canada)

Countee Cullen (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mary Fullerton; Sophia Almon Hensley (Canada); Orrick Johns (US); Ernest Rhys; Gertrude Stein (July 27, of cancer; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); W. J. Turner (Australia)

Robert Finch won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Poems

In Washington, Ezra Pound was found to be of unsound mind and thus unfit to stand trial for treason against the United States (February 13). He is incarcerated in St Elizabeth's hospital for the next twelve years until the charge of treason is dismissed on April 18, 1958

Elizabeth Bishop's "Casabianca" (North and South (1946) about Felicia Dorothea Hemans's "Casabianca"

Dylan Thomas's "A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London" by Daniel Weissbort's "Poem" (1993)

NUREMBERG TRIALS

Hilda Doolittle's The Flowering of the Rod

Elizabeth Bishop's North and South

Robert Lowell's Lord Weary's Castle

William Carlos Williams' Paterson (Book I)

Robert Finch's Poems

Richard Eberhart's Burr Oaks, including "The Fury of Aerial Bombardment"

Paul Hiebert's Sarah Binks, "the sweet songstess of Saskatchewan"

Philip Larkin's A Girl in Winter

Louis MacNeice's The Dark Tower

Stephen Spender's Poems of Dedication

Robert Lowell's Lord Weary's Castle (1946) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 5)

Ai (Academy of American Poets Web site; US; and RPO); Cheryl Clarke (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jane Kenyon (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Yusef Komunyakaa (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Liz Lochhead (Scotland); Nathaniel Mackey (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Al Moritz (Canada); Molly Peacock (Academy of American Poets Web site; US; Canadian Poetry Web site; and RPO); Charlie Smith (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Steffler (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Rosemary Sullivan (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site; and RPO); Rae Armantrout (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mei-mei Berssenbrugge (China); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Frederick Williams (Jamaica); Marlene Philip (Feb. 3; Tobago); Lorna Goodison (Jamaica); Fiona Farrell (New Zealand); Keri Hulme (New Zealand); Gary Catalano (Australia); Rhyll McMaster (Australia); Peter Kocan (Australia)

Richard Le Gallienne; Duncan Campbell Scott; Anna Wickham

Dorothy Livesay won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Poems for People

Richard Wilbur's The Beautiful Changes

John Betjeman's Slick but not Streamlined

W. H. Auden's The Age of Anxiety

Langston Hughes' Fields of Wonder

Robert Frost's Steeple Bush

Wallace Stevens' Transport to Summer

J. V. Cunningham's The Judge is Fury

Robert Duncan's Heavenly City, Earthly City

Douglas Le Pan's The Wounded Prince

E.J. Pratt's Behind the Log

Raymond Souster's Go to Sleep World

Sir John Betjeman's Selected Poems

Bollingen Prize for Poetry is established

Robert Graves' The White Goddess, a "historical grammar" of poetic myth and inspiration

Ezra Pound's Pisan Cantos

W. H. Auden's The Age of Anxiety (1947) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3)

Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to T. S. Eliot (Nov. 4)

Percy MacKaye wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Diane Ackerman (US); Anna Couani (Australia); Lorna Crozier (Canada; Canadian Poetry website); R. S. Gwynn (US); Lawrence Joseph (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Brian Henderson (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Lehman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anna Mioduchowska (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Oughton (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Sherod Santos (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ntozake Shange, née Paulette Williams (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Leslie Marmon Silko (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Heather McHugh (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Frank Stanford (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Waltner-Toews (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Ciaran Carson (Ireland); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carol Frost (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Albert Goldbarth (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Rachel Hadas (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kerrigan Almey (Canada); Juan Felipe Herrera (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robin âBongo Jerryâ Small (Jamaica); Eddy Grant (Guyana); John Robert Lee (St. Lucia); Kate Jennings (Australia); Alan Wearne (Australia); Bobby Miller (Australia)

Gordon Bottomley; Gertrude E. H. Bustill (US); Hiram Alfred Cody (Canada); Albert Goldbarth (US); Claude McKay (US); H. Phelps Putnam (US); Michael William Edward Roberts; Genevieve Taggard (US)

Brian Bransom "Bill" Griffiths (Aug. 20; UK)

A.M. Klein won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Rocking Chair and Other Poems

Léonie Adams serves as the Poetry Consultant for Library of Congress (now the U.S. Poet Laureate) (1948-49)

ASSASSINATION OF MOHATMA GANDHI IN NEW DELHI

William Carlos Williams' Paterson, Book II

John Berryman's The Dispossessed

Theodore Roethke's The Lost Son

Thomas McGrath's Longshot O'Leary's Garland of Practical Poesie

Earle Birney's Strait of Anian

Roy Daniells' Deeper into the Forest

Judith Wright's Woman to Man

Ezra Pound's Pisan Cantos wins the Bollingen Prize (Feb. 19)

Peter Viereck's Terror and Decorum (1948) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 2)

William Hervey Allen; Lilian Bowes-Lyon; J. W. Gordon ('Jim Grahame'; Australia); Marie Joussaye (Canada); Roderic Quinn (Australia); Jack Sorensen (Australia); Clara Ann Thompson; Thomas Thornely

James Reaney won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Red Heart

COMMUNIST PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA LED BY MAO TSE-TUNG

Hilda Doolittle's By Avon River

John Agard (June 21; Guyana); Agha Shahid Ali (India); (Academy of American Poets Web site); Michael Blumenthal (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Bottoms (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marilyn Bowering (Canada); Olga Broumas (US); Ralph Burns (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Pier Giorgio di Cicco (Canada); Victor Hernández Cruz (Puerto Rico); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bei Dao (China; Academy of American Poets Web site); Lynn Emanuel (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alice Major (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Mary di Michele (Canada); Barbara Ras (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Liam Rector (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Christopher Reid (Ireland); David St. John (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robyn Sarah (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Jane Urquhart (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Eliot Weinberger (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); C. D. Wright (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Debora Greger (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Michael Dransfield (Australia); Denis Johnson (Germany; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Victor David Questel (Trinidad); Cilla McQueen (New Zealand); Murray Edmond (New Zealand); Bob Orr (New Zealand); Alan Gould (Australia); Vicki Raymond (Australia)

Langston Hughes' One-Way Ticket

William Carlos Williams' Paterson, Book III

W. H. Auden's Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944

Ezra Pound's Seventy Cantos

The Bollingen Prize for poetry is transferred to Yale University Library because of controversy over the award of the prize last year to Ezra Pound

Gwendolyn Brooks' Annie Allen (1949) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 1)

E. E. Cummings wins the annual Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets (Dec. 7)

Wallace Stevens, at 70, wins the Bollingen Prize for his entire body of work (March 27)

William Carlos Williams wins the National Book Award for poetry for his Paterson, Book III, and Selected Poems

Carlton "Carly" Barrett (Dec 17; Jamaica); Charles Bernstein (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anne Carson (Canada; Academy of American Poets Web site); Frances Chung (US); Theodore Deppe (US); Christopher Dewdney (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Deborah Digges (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Forbes (Australia); Carolyn Forché (US; Academy of American Poets Web site; and RPO); Dana Gioia (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jorie Graham (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Linda Gregerson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Susan L. Helwig (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Edward Hirsch (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Marie Howe (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kim Maltman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Susan McMaster (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); E. Ethelbert Miller (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Grace Nichols (Guyana); Wayne Scott Ray (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Stan Rogal (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kenneth Sherman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Sandy Shreve (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Arthur Sze (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Chase Twichell (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Yau (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

William Rose Benét; W. S. Fairbridge (Australia); Abraham Lincoln Gillespie (US); John Gould Fletcher (US); Edgar Lee Masters (US); Edna St. Vincent Millay (US), at 58 (Oct. 19), of a heart attack; James Stephens

James Wreford Watson won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Of Time and the Lover

Conrad Aiken serves as Poetry Consultant to the Library of Congress (now the U.S. Poet Laureate) (1950-52)

William Carlos Williams's "Raleigh was Right" (Collected Later Poems 1950), about Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love"

KOREAN WAR

Robert Duncan's Medieval Scenes

The US Senate, in Resolution 224, congratulated Robert Frost on his 75th birthday

Dylan Thomas' Twenty-Six Poems

Wallace Stevens' The Auroras of Autumn

Richard Wilbur's Ceremony

W. H. Auden's Nones

Bad Lord Byron, a film directed by David Macdonald about the Romantic poet

Peter Mason Opie and Iona Margaret Balfour Opie publish The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes

Carl Sandburg's Complete Poems (1950) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7)

John Crowe Ransom wins the Bollingen Prize for his entire body of work (Jan. 22)

Wallace Stevens wins the National Book Award for poetry for The Auroras of Autumn (March 6)

Meena Alexander (India; Academy of American Poets Web site); Lily Allen (April 5; Jamaica); Ralph Angel (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ray A. Young Bear (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robin Becker (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Buckmaster (Australia); Ron Charach (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Lesley Choyce (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Peter Christensen (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Geoff Cochrane (New Zealand); Merron Cullum (Australia); Christopher Dewdney (Canada); Stephen Edgar (Australia); James Galvin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Joy Harjo (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Brenda Hillman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Garrett Hongo (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Andrew Hudgins (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Johnson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Brigit Pegeen Kelly (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Paul Muldoon (Ireland; Academy of American Poets Web site); Susan Musgrave (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Robert Priest (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Betsy Struthers (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Afaa M. Weaver (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Wrigley (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eddy Yanofsky (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Gelett Burgess; Tom MacInnes (Canada); George Henry Powell

Charles Bruce won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Mulgrave Road

Ogden Nash's "Song of the Open Road" (Argosy 12.8) about Joyce Kilmer's "Trees"

Robert Lowell's The Mills of the Kavanaughs

James Merrill's First Poems

Adrienne Rich's A Change of World

Theodore Roethke's Praise to the End!

Kay Smith's Footnote to the Lord's Prayer

Anne Wilkinson's Counterpoint to Sleep

ELIZABETH I

"concrete poetry," a phrase invented in Brazil

David Jones' The Anathemata

Dylan Thomas' Collected Poems 1934-52, including "Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night"

Padraic Colum wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Marianne Moore's Collected Poems (1951) wins the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 11) and the National Book Award for poetry (Jan. 29)

Andrew Young wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Jimmy Santiago Baca (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Roo Borson (Canada; Canadian Poetry Online Web site); Judith Ortiz Cofer (Puerto Rico; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Barry Dempster (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Rita Dove (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sky Gilbert (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Jan Horner (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Mark Jarman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carole Langille (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Dorianne Laux (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Malca Litovitz (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Andrew Motion (UK); D. C. Reid (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Alberto Ríos (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Naomi Shihab Nye (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carolyn Smart (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Gary Soto (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Susan Stewart (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elizabeth Spires; Alice Fulton (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Scott Hightower (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Linton Kwesi Johnson (Aug. 24; Jamaica); Mutabaruka (born Allan Hope) (Dec. 26; Jamaica); Oku Onuora (born Orlando Wong) (March; Jamaica); Kendel Hippolyte (St. Lucia); Graham Lindsay (New Zealand)

E. J. Brady (Australia); Arthur Sheerly Cripps; Paul Éluard, at 56 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); P. J. Hartigan ('John O'Brien'; Australia); Eugene Jolas (US); George Santayana

E.J. Pratt won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Towards the Last Spike

Frank O'Hara's A City Winter

Robert Creeley's Le Fou

George Woodcock's Ravens and Prophets

FRANCIS CRICK AND JAMES D. WATSON DISCOVER THE STRUCTURE OF DNA

Sir John Betjeman's A Few Late Chrysanthemums

Louis MacNeice's Autumn Sequel

Wallace Stevens' Collected Poems

J. R. R. Tolkien's The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings

Melvin Tolson's Libretto for the Republic of Liberia

Elizabeth Bishop wins the Shelley Memorial Award of the Poetry Society of America (Jan. 5)

Padraic Colum wins the Gregory Medal of the Irish Academy of Letters (May 23)

Robert Frost wins the fellowship of the Academy of American Poets (March 3)

Oliver St. John Gogarty, of Ireland, wins the Gold Medal for Service to Poetry from the Poetry Society of America (Jan. 13)

Archibald MacLeish's Collected Poems (1952) wins the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 10), the National Book Award for poetry (Jan. 27), and the Pulitzer Prize (May 4)

Marianne Moore wins the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Arts and Letters (May 27)

Carl Sandburg wins the Gold Medal for Distinguished Achievement from the Poetry Society of America (Jan. 13)

Arthur Waley wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Dionne Brand (Trinidad and Canada); Mark Doty (USA); Rudyard Fearon (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Susan Glickman (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Jane Hirshfield (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Phil Hall (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Tony Hoagland (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Rivard (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Andrew Schelling (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tom Sleigh (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Terpstra (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Rhea Tregebov (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Rosanna Warren (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Franz Wright (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Brian Bartlett; Brian Meeks (Canada; Jamaica); Iain Sharp (New Zealand); David Eggleton (New Zealand)

Hilaire Belloc, at 82 (July 16); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US) from burns resulting from a fall into a fireplace; Helena Jane Coleman (Canada); George Herbert Clarke; Idris Davies; Eugene O'Neill; Dylan Thomas; Bernard O'Dowd (Australia); Elaine Goodale Eastman (US); Dora Read Goodale (US)

Marianne Moore wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Douglas LePan won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Net and the Sword

Conrad Aiken's Collected Poems wins the National Book Award

John Ashbery's Turandot

Robert Creeley's The Kind of Act Of and The Immoral Proposition

Theodore Roethke's The Waking

Charles Olson's In Cold Hell, in Thicket and The Maximus Poems 1-10

Irving Layton's Love the Conqueror Worm

W. H. Auden's The Shield of Achilles

Sir John Betjeman's A Few Late Chrysanthemums

Robert Creeley founds and edits the Black Mountain Review

Philip Larkin's The Less Deceived

Frank Prince's Soldiers Bathing and Other Poems

Jon Silkin's The Peaceable Kingdom, including "Death of a Son (who died in a mental hospital aged one)"

Dylan Thomas' Under Milk Wood is broadcast on radio on January 25

Tolkien's The Return of the King

Oliver St. John Gogarty and Louise Townsend Nicholl win the fellowship of the Academy of American Poets (Jan. 28)

W. H. Auden wins the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 10)

Ernest Hemingway wins the Nobel Prize (Oct. 28)

Theodore Roethke's The Waking: Poems, 1933-53 (1953) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3)

Kim Addonizio (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Catherine Anderson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Baker (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Boates (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Janet Charman (New Zealand); Lorna Dee Cervantes (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sandra Cisneros (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Cornelius Eady (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kevin Hart (Australia); Linda Hull (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jan Heller Levi (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Thylias Moss (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Erin Mouré (Canada); Dorothy Porter (March 26; Australia); Luis J. Rodriguez (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Stephen Sartarelli (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Vijay Seshadri (India; Academy of American Poets Web site); Michael Smith (Jamaica)

Walter Conrad Arensberg (US); Leonard Bacon, at 66 (Jan. 1); Maxwell Bodenheim (US); Lil Green (US); Lynn Riggs (US); Edwin Rolfe (US); Francis Brett Young

P.K. Page won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Metal and the Flower

Léonie Adams' Poems: A Selection receives the Bollingen Prize (a joint-winner with Louise Bogan

W. H. Auden is Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets (1954-73)

Daniel Hoffman's An Armada of Thirty Whales selected for the Yale Series of Younger Poets

Thom Gunn's Fighting Terms

Anthony Hecht's A Summoning of Stones

William Carlos Williams' The Desert Music

Jane Eaton Hamilton (July 19; Canada)

William Sydney Graham's The Nightfishing

Leonie Adams, for Poems; a Selection, and Louise Bogan, for Collected Poems 1922-53, jointly win the Bollingen Prize

E. E. Cummings wins the National Book Award for poetry for Poems: 1923-1954

Robert Fitzgerald wins the Shelley Memorial Award of the Poetry Society of America (May 16)

Rolfe Humphries wins the American Academy of Poets fellowship (Dec. 29)

Ruth Pitter wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Wallace Stevens' Collected Poems (1954) wins the Pulitzer Prize

James Agee (US); Robert P. Coffin, 62 (Jan. 20); Reginald Charles (Rex) Ingamells (Australia; Dec. 30); Weldon Kees (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kenneth Mackenzie (Australia); Wallace Stevens; Brian Vrepont (Benjamin Arthur Truebridge; Australia)

Wilfred Watson won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Friday's Child

Robert Graves's "Beauty in Trouble" (Collected Poems 1955), about William Shakespeare's "Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments"

Donald Davies' Brides of Reason

Mark Abley (Canada); Marilyn Chin (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Dabydeen (Dec. 9; Guyana); Carol Ann Duffy (Scotland; Academy of American Poets Web site); Kimiko Hahn (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Jennifer Harrison (Australia); Margaret Lindsay Holton (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kim Morrissey (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Erin Mouré (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Chris Orsman (New Zealand); Patricia Smith (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Apirana Taylor (New Zealand); Dean Young (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Adrienne Rich's The Diamond Cutters

Louis Dudek's Europe

Anne Wilkinson's The Hangman Ties the Holly

John Berryman's Homage to Mistress Bradstreet

Alan Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems, a signature of the Beat Generation (soon after being published, the book was banned for obscenity. The work overcame censorship trials, however, and has now been translated into more than 22 languages)

Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath marry

Anne Lindbergh's The Unicorn, and Other Poems

Rock and roll music begins

Edmund Blunden wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Elizabeth Bishop's Poems -- North & South / A Cold Spring (1955) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7)

William Carlos Williams wins the Fellowship of the American Academy of Poets (Dec. 28)

Judith Beveridge (Australia); Valerie Bloom (Jamaica); Diana Brebner (Canada); Lucie Brock-Broido (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Henri Cole (born in Japan; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Annie Finch (US); Anne French (New Zealand); Forrest Gander (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Carla Hartsfield (Canada); Michael Ogilvie (Mick) Imlah (Sept. 26; UK); Fragano Ledgister (UK; Jamaica); Michele Leggott (New Zealand); Elizabeth Nannestad (New Zealand); Gig Ryan (Australia); Anne Simpson (Canada)

Edmund Clerihew Bentley, at 80 (Mar. 30); Frank Oliver Call (Canada); Walter De La Mare, at 83 (June 22); Haniel Long (Canada); A. A. Milne, at 74 (Jan. 31); Percy MacKaye, at 81 (Aug. 31); Leonora Speyer (US); Winifred Tennant (Australia); Joseph Tishler ('Bellrive'; Australia); Dorothy Wellesley

Robert A.D. Ford won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with A Window on the North

John Ashbery's Some Trees selected for the Yale Younger Poets Series

Philip Booth's Letters from a Distant Land is the Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets

Phyllis Webb's "Marvell's Garden" (Even Your Right Eye 1956), about Andrew Marvell's "The Garden"

John Berryman's Homage to Mistress Bradstreet, lines 121-168 (study), about Anne Bradstreet's "In Reference to her Children, 23 June 1659" (1678)

Donald Hall's Exiles and Marriages (1955) is the Academy of American Poets' Lamont Poetry Selection

John Ashbery's Some Trees

Richard Wilbur's Things of this World

Edgar Bowers' The Form of Loss

Conrad Aiken wins the Bollingen Prize

Irving Layton's The Improved Binoculars

Leonard Cohen's Let Us Compare Mythologies

T. S. Eliot's On Poetry and Poets

Ted Hughes' The Hawk in the Rain, including "The Thought Fox"

Jay Macpherson's The Boatman

Ogden Nash's You Can't Get There from Here

Stevie Smith's Not Waving but Drowning

Conrad Aiken wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Siegfried Sassoon wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Allen Tate wins the Bollingen Prize for his life works (Jan. 13)

Richard Wilbur's Things of this World wins the Pulitzer Prize for 1957 (May 6) as well as the National Book Award (March 13)

John Barton (Canada); Julie Bruck Jr. (US); Cyrus Cassells (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Afua Cooper (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Martín Espada (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Essex Hemphill (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Li-Young Lee (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bruce Meyer (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Anthony Molino (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alan Riach (New Zealand)

Joseph Warren Beach; Lillie A. Brooks (Canada); Ignatius Roy D. Campbell (South Africa); Skipwith Cannell (US); Charles Badger Clark (US); Frances Densmore (US); Arthur R. D. Fairburn (New Zealand); Rose Fyleman; Oliver Joseph St John Gogarty, at 79 (Sept. 22), of a heart attack; Christopher Morley, at 66 (March 28); Merrill Moore, at 54 (Sept. 20)

Jay Macpherson won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Boatman

Stevie Smith's "Childe Rolandine" (Not Waving but Drowning 1957) about Robert Browning's "'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came'" (1855)

Thom Gunn's The Sense of Movement

J. V. Cunningham's Trivial, Vulgar, and Exalted: Epigrams

Chief Justice Bolitha J. Laws in the U.S. District Court, Washington, D.C., dismisses treason charges against Ezra Pound (April 18) after psychologists declare him insane

Sir John Betjeman's Collected Poems

Brazilian manifesto for concrete poetry, which focuses on visual and other sensory qualities

Lawrence Ferlinghetti's A Coney Island of the Mind

Robinson Jeffers wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

James Reaney's A Suit of Nettles, imitating Edmund Spenser's Shepheardes Calendar, wins the Governor General's award in Canada

Robert Penn Warren's Promises: Poems 1954-1956 (1956) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 5)

Jill Battson (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Sarah Day (Australia); Tory Dent (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anne Michaels (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Roma Potiki (New Zealand); Harold Rhenisch (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kathleen Stewart (Australia); Andrew Waterhouse (Nov. 27)

Zoë Rumbold Akins, at 72 (Oct. 29); Blanche (B. E.) Baughan (New Zealand); Blanche Lamontagne Beauregard; Gerald William Bullett, at 64 (Jan. 3); James Branch Cabell, at 79 (May 5); Roy Campbell; Angelina Weld Grimké (US); William Christopher Handy, the "Father of the Blues" (US); J. R. Hervey (New Zealand) ; Fenton Johnson (US); May Austin Low (Canada); Hugh McCrae (Australia); Alfred Noyes, (June 25; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert W. Service, at 84 (Sept. 11); John Collings Squire

Conrad Aiken wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

James Reaney won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with A Suit of Nettles

E. E. Cummings wins the Bollingen Prize in Poetry

John Hollander's A Crackling of Thorns selected for the Yale Series of Younger Poets

Theodore Roethke's Words for the Wind

John Hollander's A Crackling of Thorns

John Berryman's Homage to Mistress Bradstreet

Allen Ginsberg's Kaddish, written about his mentally-ill mother

Kenneth Koch's Ko, or a Season on Earth

Irving Layton's A Red Carpet for the Sun

Robert Lowell's Life Studies

Louise Bogan and Leonie Adams win the Fellowship of the American Academy of Poets (Nov. 4)

Frances Cornford wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Donald B. Justice wins the Lamont Poetry Selection for The Summer Anniversaries (Nov. 4)

Stanley Kunitz's Selected Poems 1918-1958 (1958) wins the Pulitzer Prize for 1959 (May 4)

Theodore Roethke wins the Bollingen Prize and the National Book Award for Words for the Wind (March 3)

Brian P. Cleary (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Fitterman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Gizzi (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Iain Higgins (Canada); Philip Hodgins (Australia); Noah Leznoff (Canada); Laura Lush (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Newton (New Zealand)

Sarah N. Cleghorn, at 83 (April 4); Dennis Devlin; Susan Gillis (Canada); Arturo Giovannitti (US); Edgar Albert Guest, at 77 (Aug. 5), known as the "poet of the people"; Luis Palés Matos, of a heart attack; (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edwin Muir, at 70 (Jan. 3); Vance Palmer (Australia); Carl Phillips (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Irving Layton won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Red Carpet for the Sun

Richard Eberhart appointed by President Eisenhower to the Advisory commission on the Arts for the National Cultural Center

Richard Eberhart serves as Poetry Consultant to the Library of Congress (1959-61)

W. D. Snodgrass' Heart's Needle

James Merrill's The Country of a Thousand Years of Peace

W. H. Auden's Homage to Clio

Sir John Betjeman's Summoned by Bells

Ted Hughes' Lupercal

Sylvia Plath's The Colossus

Sir John Betjeman wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Delmore Schwartz wins the Bollingen Prize for Summer Knowledge (Jan. 10)

W. D. Snodgrass's Heart's Needle (1959) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 2)

Jesse Stuart wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Franklin Pierce Adams (US); Frances Cornford; H.L. Davis (US); David Diop (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Frank S. Flint; Oscar Hammerstein II (US); Harry Kemp, at 76 (Aug. 8); Jesse Edgar Middleton; Boris Pasternak, (May 30), of lung cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site); Richard Wright (US)

April Bernard (Academy of American Poets Web site); Jenny Bornholdt (New Zealand); George Elliott Clarke (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site; Frederick D'Aguiar (UK; Guyana); Jeffery Donaldson (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); US); Kim Eggleston (New Zealand); Nick Flynn (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bob Hicok (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Manicom (Canada); Richard Sanger (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Bruce Taylor (Canada); Virginia Were (New Zealand); Forbes Williams (New Zealand)

Margaret Avison won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Winter Sun

Paul Celan receives a Georg Buchner Prize

Phyllis McGinley's "View from a Suburban Window", about John Milton's "When I Consider how my Light is Spent"

Robert Duncan's The Opening of the Field

Charles Olson's The Maximus Poems 1-23 and The Distances

Thom Gunn's My Sad Captains

LeRoi Jones' Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note

Robert Fitzgerald wins the Bollingen Translation Prize for his Homer's Odyssey (Oct. 31), the first time it is awarded

Horace V. Gregory wins the Fellowship of the American Academy of Poets (Nov. 15)

Randall Jarrell wins the National Book Award for The Woman at the Washington Zoo (March 14)

Phyllis McGinley's Times Three: Selected Verse from Three Decades (1960) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 1)

Yvor Winters wins the Bollingen Prize for his Collected Poems (Jan. 8)

Gil Adamson (Canada); Gitaujali Badruddin (India); Walid Bitar (Canada); Harry Cummins (Australia); Denise Duhamel (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Greene (Canada); Steven Heighton (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kenneth Goldsmith (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eric Miller (Canada); Gregory O'Brien (New Zealand); Ruth Taylor (Jan. 10; Canadian)

Hilda Doolittle ("H.D."), at 75 (Sept. 27), of a heart attack; Kenneth Fearing (US); Robert Hillyer (US); Ernest Miller Hemingway, at 61 (July 2), suicide by gunshot; Harry Hooton (Australia); John Thompson (Australia)

Robert Finch won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Acis in Oxford

Robert Frost recites, from memory, his poem "The Gift Outright" at the inauguration of President John Kennedy (Jan. 20) after he cannot see to read the poem he wrote for the occasion, "Dedication"

James Dickey is awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship

Alan Dugan's Poems

Robert Lowell's Imitations

Theodore Roethke's I Am! Says the Lamb

Richard Wilbur's Advice to a Prophet

X. J. Kennedy's Nude Descending a Staircase wins the Lamont Poetry Selection

Leonard Cohen's The Spice Box of Earth

Irving Layton's The Swinging Flesh

The Beatles (1962-70)

Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, including settings for Wilfred Owen's poems

Robert Frost's In the Clearing

Thom Gunn's My Sad Captains

Kenneth Koch's Thank You

Anne Sexton's All my Pretty Ones, including "The Truth the Dead Know"

Alan Dugan's Poems (1961) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7), the National Book Award (March 13), and is selected for the Yale Series of Younger Poets

Richard Eberhart, for his life work, and John Hall Wheelock, for The Garden and Other Poems, jointly win the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 7)

Stand Up, Friend, with Me by Edward Field is the Academy of American Poets' Lamont Poetry Selection (Nov. 13)

Christopher Fry wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Richard Lattimore's The Frogs, from Aristophanes, and Robert Lowell's Imitations, jointly win the Bollingen Translation Prize (Nov. 13)

John Crowe Ransom wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Elizabeth Alexander (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Paul Beatty (US); Caroline Bergvall (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kevin Connolly (Canada); Stacy Doris (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Julia Kasdorf (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David McGimpsey (Canada); Virgil Suárez (Cuba) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Richard Aldington; Lereine Ballantyne; Elspeth Honeyman Clarke (Canada); E. E. Cummings, at 67 (Sept. 3), of a stroke (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Faulkner, at 64 (July 6), of a heart attack; Wilfrid Wilson Gibson; Mary Gilmore (Australia); Ralph Edwin Hodgson; John Holmes (US); John Robinson Jeffers (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Hyam Plutzik (US); Frank Prewett (Canada); Walter Adolpe Roberts (Jamaica)

Malcolm Lowry's Selected Poems

James Reaney won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Twelve Letters to a Small Town

D. J. Enright's "Fine and Private Place" (Addictions 1962; imitation), about Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" (1681)

Stevie Smith's "Thoughts about the Person from Porlock" (Selected Poems 1962) about Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Kubla Khan"

Kenneth Koch's "Variations on a William Carlos Williams's 'This is just to say'" (Thank You and Other Poems 1962) about William Carlos Williams's "This is just to say" (1923)

Jack Gilbert's Views of Jeopardy wins the Yale Series of Younger Poets competition

Derek Walcott's In a Green Night

George Oppen's The Materials

James Merrill's Water Street

John Hollander's Movie-Going

John Ashbery's The Tennis Court Oath

Robert Hayden's A Ballad of Remembrance

Robert Creeley's For Love

Robert Bly's Silence in the Snowy Fields

Al Purdy's Poems for all the Annettes

Phyllis Webb's The Sea is Also like a Garden

Philip Hobsbaum and Edward Lucie-Smith edit A Group Anthology

Silvia Plath's The Bell Jar, an autobiographical novel published under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas

The Raven, a film directed by Roger Corman, starring Vincent Price, and loosely based on Edgar Allan Poe's poem of the same name

William C. Plomer wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Ezra Pound and Allen Tate win the American Academy of Poets Fellowship (Sept. 4)

William Stafford wins the National Book Award for Traveling through the Dark (March 12)

William Carlos Williams' Pictures from Brueghel (1962) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 6), and he wins the American Academy of Arts and Letters gold medal (May 22)

Simon Armitage (UK; Academy of American Poets Web site); Geoffrey Cook (Canada); Lynn Crosbie (Canada); Olena Kalytiak Davis (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Andrew Johnston (New Zealand); Claudia Rankine (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mark Sinnett (Canada); Patricia Warner (Canada); Damien Wilkins (New Zealand)

Reuben Butchart, at 100 (Canada); W.E.B. Du Bois (US); Robert Frost, at 88 (Jan. 29); Christopher Vernon Hassall; Nazim Hikmet, of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Louis MacNeice, at 55 (Sept.3), of pneumonia (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Will H. Ogilvie (Australia); Maude Caldwell Perry (US); Sylvia Plath, by suicide (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Theodore Roethke (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Carlos Williams, at 79 (March 4)

Faiz Ahmed Faiz awarded the Lenin Peace Prize

Edgar Bowers' The Astronomers

W. S. Merwin's The Moving Target

Adrienne Rich's Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law

Robert Frost receives the Bollingen Prize

Gwendolyn Brooks's "We Real Cool" in her Selected Poems

Irving Layton's Balls for a One-armed Juggler

Sir John Betjeman's Ring of Bells

Leonard Cohen's Flowers for Hitler, including "The Only Tourist in Havana Turns his Thoughts Homeward"

Philip Larkin's Whitsun Weddings

Robert Lowell's For the Union Dead

Elizabeth Bishop wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

John Crowe Ransom wins the National Book Award for Selected Poems (March 10)

Louis Simpson's At the End of the Open Road (1963) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 4)

Rev. Ronald S. Thomas wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Tim Bowling (Canada); Geoffrey Brock (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Rafael Campo (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Catherine Graham (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kathy Shaidle (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Clive Bell; Zora Cross; Alton Delmore (US); Red Lane (Canada); Cole Porter (US); E.J. Pratt (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site), at 81 (April 26); Edith Sitwell, at 77 (Dec. 9), of a heart attack

Raymond Souster won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Colour of the Times

Anna Akhmatova awarded the Etna-Taormina prize in Sicily

Jack Gilbert receives the Guggenheim Fellowship for Poetry

Zbigniew Herbert receives the Koscielski Foundation Prize

John Berryman's 77 Dream Songs

R. Berman calls the earl of Rochester's "A ramble in St. James' Park" "this unprintable poem" (Kenyon Review 26: 362)

Donald Davie's Events and Wisdoms

Robert Duncan's Roots and Branches

LeRoi Jones' The Dead Lecturer

Eli Mandel's Black and Secret Man

Bob Dylan's album Highway 61 Revisited

Seamus Heaney's Death of a Naturalist

Philip Larkin's The Whitsun Weddings

Sylvia Plath's Ariel, including "Daddy," published posthumously

Jon Silkin's Nature with Man

Meic Stephens founds Poetry Wales

Melvin Tolson's Harlem Gallery

John Berryman's 77 Dream Songs (1964) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3)

Richard Dickey's Buckdancer's Choice wins the National Book Award for Poetry

Philip Larkin wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Marianne Moore wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Theodore Roethke posthumously wins the National Book Award for The Far Field (March 9)

Michael Crummey (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Degen (Canada); Adeena Karasick (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Jay Ruzesky (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Andrew Steinmetz (Canada); R. M. Vaughan (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Joseph Auslander, at 67 (June 22), of a heart attack; Mary Josephine Benson (Canada); Richard Blackmur, at 61 (Feb. 2; US); Daniel Aloysius Casey (Canada); Nancy Cunard; T. S. Eliot, at 76 (Jan. 4); Eleanor Farjeon; Edwin Gerard ('Trooper Gerardy') (Australia); Randall Jarrell, at 51 (Oct. 14), in a highway accident (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); T. H. Jones (Australia); Timothy Liu (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Una Marson (Jamaica)

Alfred Purdy wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Cariboo Horses

Basil Bunting's "13. Fearful Symmetry" (First book of odes 1965) about William Blake's "The Tyger" (1794)

To Be Alive, the narrative of which is written by Edward Field, wins the Academy Award for best documentary short subject

Zbigniew Herbert wins the national Austrian Lenau Prize and the Alfred Jurzykowski Prize

Elizabeth Bishop's Questions of Travel

John Hollander's Visions from the Ramble

George Oppen's This is Which

Derek Walcott's The Castaway

Horace Gregory receives the Bollingen Prize

Basil Bunting's Briggflatts

James Dickey serves as poetry consultant to the Library of Congress, 1966-68

Josephine Jacobsen's The Animal Inside

LeRoi Jones' Black Art

Raymond Souster founds the League of Canadian Poets

Anthony Thwaite and John Hollander publish the first anthology of double dactyls, Jiggery Pokery

Richard Eberhart's Selected Poems 1930-65 (1965) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 2)

Archibald MacLeish and John Berryman win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

William Meredith wins the National Institute of Arts and Letters Loines Award for poetry (March 23)

Sherman Alexie (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Christian BÃ¶k (Canada; August 10; Academy of American Poets Web site); John MacKenzie (Canada); Maurice Manning (US); Barbara Nickel (Canada); Michael Redhill (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Karen Solie (Canada); Todd Swift (Canada); Natasha Trethewey (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Anna Andreyevna Akhmatova, at 76 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Berton Braley, at 83 (Jan. 23); Raymond Duncan, at 91 (Aug. 14); Georgia Douglas Johnson, at 86 (May 14), of a stroke; Alfred Kreymborg, at 82 (Aug. 14; US); Mina Loy (US); Frank O'Hara (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edward Philip Harrington (Australia); W. W. E. Ross (Canada); Delmore Schwartz, at 52 (July 11), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Melvin Tolson; Henry Treese, at 55 (June 10); Arthur David Waley; Arnold Wall (New Zealand)

Margaret Atwood wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Circle Game

James Dickey's Buckdancer's Choice is awarded both the Melville Cane Award and a National Book Award

Martin Bell's "It is the Blight Man was Born for" (Complete Poems 1988) completed by now about Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Spring & Fall" (1918)

Robert Hayden awarded the grand prize for poetry at the First World Festival of Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal for his book Ballad of Remembrance

David Ignatow receives the Shelley Memorial Award

Margaret Avison's The Dumbfounding

Gwendolyn MacEwen's A Breakfast for Barbarians

Margaret Atwood's The Circle Game

the Beatles' Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts' Club Band (recording)

C. Day-Lewis made British Poet Laureate

Ted Hughes' Wodwo

The Liverpool poets: Adrian Henri, Roger McGough, and Brian Patten

Wole Soyinka's Idanre, and Other Poems

A. R. Ammons wins the Fellowship of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (May 24)

Charles Causley wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

James Merrill wins the National Book Award for Nights and Days (March 8)

Anne Sexton's Live or Die, to win the Pulitzer Prize for 1967 (May 1)

Mark Van Doren wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Robert Penn Warren wins the Bollingen Prize for his Selected Poems (Feb. 5)

Saskia Hamilton (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Sullivan (New Zealand); Karen Volkman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Eli Mandel won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with An Idiot Joy, and Alden Nowlan with Bread, Wine, and Salt

Anthony Hecht's "The Dover Bitch" (The Hard Hours 1967) about Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867)

Dorothy Livesay's The Unquiet Bed

Ida Cox (US); David C. DeJong, at 62 (Sept. 5); Woody Guthrie (US); Peter Hopegood (Australia); Langston Hughes, at 65 (May 22), of heart failure (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); HonorÃ©e Fanonne Jeffers (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Patrick Kavanagh, at 62 (Nov. 30), of pneumonia; Margaret Larkin, at 67 (May 8); John Masefield; Thomas MacGreevy; Meade Minnigerode; Christopher Okigko; Dorothy Parker, at 73 (June 7), of a heart attack; V. Penelope Pelizzon (US); Carl Sandburg, at 89 (July 22), of a heart attack; Siegfried Sassoon, at 80 (Sept. 1); Odel Shepard, at 82 (July 19); Jean Toomer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Vernon Watkins

Cecil Day-Lewis is named British Poet Laureate (Jan. 1)

LeRoi Jones and Larry Neal co-edit Black Fire, an anthology of African-American poetry

W. H. Auden wins the gold medal of the National Institute of Arts and Letters (May 28)

Robert Bly's The Light around my Body wins the National Book Award (March 6)

Gwendolyn Brooks succeeds Carl Sandburg as Poet Laureate of Illinois

Robert Graves wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Anthony Hecht's The Hard Hours (1967) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 6) and he also wins the Loines Award (May 28)

Stanley Kunitz wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Nan Cohen (US); Tonja Gunvaldsen Klaasen (Canada); David O'Meara (Canada); Michael Teig (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Witter Bynner, at 86 (June 1; US); Donald Davidson, at 74 (April 26); George Hill Dillon, at 62 (May 9); Henry Dumas, shot at 33 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dudley Fitts (US); Dorothea Mackellar (Australia); Harley Matthews (Australia); Mervyn Laurence Peake; Salvatore Quasimodo, (June 14; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sir Herbert Edward Read, at 74 (June 12); Winfield Townley Scott, at 58 (April 28; US); David Stacton, at 42 (Jan. 20); Yvor Winters, at 67 (Jan. 25; Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

W. H. Auden wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Leonard Cohen won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Selected Poems 1956-68 but declined the award

John Berryman serves as Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets (1968-72)

Kenneth Patchen's "The Queer Client and the Forest-Inn" (Collected Poems 1968)about Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867)

Leonard Cohen's Songs (Canada; music)

Don Gutteridge's Riel

Red Lane's Collected Poems

W.W.E. Ross's Shapes and Sounds

MOON-WALK and the ARPANET

W. H. Auden's City without Walls

Sir Arthur Bliss' cantata The world is charged with the grandeur of God, from Gerard Manley Hopkins' sonnet of the same first line

Louise Bogan publishes The Blue Estuaries and retires after 38 years as poetry critic for The New Yorker (Dec.)

Lucille Clifton's Good Times, selected as one of the year's best books by The New York Times

Donald Davies' Essex Poems

Seamus Heaney's Door into the Dark

LeRoi Jones's Black Magic: Poetry, 1961-1967

Wole Soyinka's Poems from Prison

Samuel Beckett awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature

Richard Eberhart and Anthony Hecht win the fellowship of the American Academy of Poets (Feb. 13)

George Oppen's Of Being Numerous (1968) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 5)

Karl Shapiro's Selected Poems and John Berryman's His Toy, His Dream, His Rest win the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 5), and Berryman also wins the National Book Award for his book (March 10)

Stevie Smith wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Stephanie Bolster (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Tina Chang (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Davis McCombs (US); Christopher Patton (Canada); Jemal Sharah (Australia); Adam Sol (Canada); Natalie Wilson (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Floyd Bell, at 82 (July 23), of a heart ailment; Arthur Stanley Bourinot (Canada); Max Eastman (US); Charles Edison, aka Tom Sleeper, at 78 (July 31), of heart failure; Rolfe Humphries, at 74 (April 22), of emphysema; Frank Loesser (US); Sir Osbert Sitwell, at 76 (May 4), of a heart attack

Gwendolyn MacEwen won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Shadow-Maker

Marvin Bell's poem collection A Probable Volume of Dreams is a Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets

Jane Cooper's The Weather of Six Mornings is the Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets

Roque Dalton's Taberna y ostros lugares (Tavern and Other Places) wins the Casa de las Américas Poetry Prize

Mahmoud Darwish is the recipient of the Lotus Prize from the Union of Afro-Asian Writers

Milton Acorn's I've Tasted my Blood

Elizabeth Brewster's Passage of Summer

Phyllis Gotlieb's Ordinary, Moving

Margaret Atwood's The Journals of Susanna Moodie

Noël Coward knighted

Ted Hughes' Crow

LeRoi Jones' It's Nation Time

Michael Ondaatje's The Collected Works of Billy the Kid

Ezra Pound's Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX to CXVII

Henry Reed's "The Naming of Parts," published in his The Lessons of War

Tomfoolery, an animated film directed by Joy Batchelor and John Halas, based on the nonsense verse of Edward Lear (especially "The Courtship of the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bo") and Lewis Carroll

Elizabeth Bishop's Complete Poems wins the National Book Award (March 2)

Roy Fuller wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Richard Howard's Untitled Subjects (1969) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 4)

Howard Nemerov wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Ken Babstock (Canada); Jordan Davis (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Rupert McCall (Australia); Brenda Shaughnessy (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); nathalie stephens (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Kevin Young (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Louise Bogan, at 72 (Feb. 4); Paul Celan (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Dos Passos (US); Mary Phelps Crosby; Edsel Ford, at 41 (Feb. 19); Lorine Niedecker (Dec 31; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Arthur Nortje; Charles Olson, of cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

bpNichol won the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Still Water, The True Eventual Story of Billy the Kid, Beach Head, and The cosmic chef: an evening of concrete; and Michael Ondaatje with The Collected Works of Billy the Kid

Mona Van Duyn's "Leda" (To See, To Take 1970) about W. B. Yeats's "Leda and the Swan" (1928)

George Jonas's The Happy Hungry Man

Alden Nowlan's Playing the Jesus Game

Bertram Warr's Acknowledgment to Life

Dick Allen's Anon and Various Time Machine Poems

Maya Angelou's Just Give Me a Cool Glass of Water 'Fore I Diie

The Canterbury Tales, a film directed by Pier Paulo Pasolini, providing a soft-pornographic, controversial version of four tales by Geoffrey Chaucer

Josephine Jacobsen is named Poetry Consultant to the Library of Congress (1971-73)

Right On!, a film directed by Herbert Danska, of poetry recitations with bongo accompaniments on New York city streets (April 8)

Geoffrey Hill's Mercian Hymns wins a Whitbread Literary award

W. S. Merwin's The Carrier of Ladders (1970) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3)

Stephen Spender wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Richard P. Wilbur's Walking to Sleep and Mona Van Duyn's To See, To Take win the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 10); and Van Duyn also wins the National Book Award for her book (March 2)

James Wright wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Bruce Charles (Canada); Clifford Dyment; Lenore G. Marshall, at 72 (Sept. 9); R.A.K. Mason (New Zealand); Ogden Nash, at 68 (May 19; US) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Giorgos Seferis (Sept. 21; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kenneth Slessor (Australia); Stevie Smith; Alexander Young

John Glassco wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Selected Poems

Adonis' The Blood of Adonis wins the Syria-Lebanon Award of the International Poetry Forum

Jeffrey Angles (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Terrance Hayes (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); George Murray (Canada)

Adrienne Rich's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" (The Will to Change 1971), about John Donne's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning"

Michael S. Harper's History is Your Heartbeat wins the Black Academy of Arts & Letters Award for poetry

Laura Riding Jackson is honoured with the Mark Rothko Appreciation Award

Louis Dudek's Collected Poetry

Earle Birney's Rag and Bone Shop

George McWhirter's The Catalan Poems

Sir John Betjeman made British Poet Laureate (Oct. 10)

LeRoi Jones' Spirit Reach (as Amiri Imamu Baraka, a Black Muslim)

Mervyn Laurence Peake's A Book of Nonsense

Wole Soyinka's A Shuttle in the Crypt

Frank O'Hara's Collected Poems and Howard Moss's Selected Poems win the National Book Award (April 11)

W. D. Snodgrass wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

James Wright's Collected Poems (1971) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 1)

Dennis Lee wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Civil Elegies and Other Poems

A. R. Ammons' Collected Poems 1951 - 1971 wins the National Book Award

James K. Baxter (New Zealand); John Berryman, at 57 (Jan. 7), of suicide (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Buckmaster, age 21, of suicide (Australia); Padraic Colum, at 90 (Jan. 11); Cecil Day-Lewis, British poet laureate, at 68 (May 22); Eileen Duggan (New Zealand); Robert Fletcher, at 87 (Nov. 20), poet of "Don't Fence Me In"; Jean Garrigue (US); Paul Goodman, of a heart attack (US); Joseph Kalar (US); A.M. Klein (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site), at 63 (Aug. 21); Marianne Craig Moore, at 84 (Feb. 5); Kenneth Patchen, at 60 (Jan. 8), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ezra Pound, at 87 (Nov. 1), of an intestinal blockage; Gladys Schmitt, 63 (Oct. 3); Mark Van Doren, 78 (Dec. 10); Daniel Williams (US; St. Vincent); Edmund Wilson (US); Andrew John Young

Ted Hughes' Crow: From the Life and Songs of the Crow by Wendy Cope's "Budgie Finds his Voice" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986)

Muriam Waddington's Driving Home

Anita Lakey (Canada); Suzanne Buffam (Canada); Sue Sinclair (Canada)

Derek Walcott's Another Life

A. R. Ammons's Collected Poems wins the National Book Award (April 10)

John Heath-Stubbs wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Maxine Kumin's Up Country: Poems of New England (1972) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7)

James Merrill wins the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 7)

W. S. Merwin wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Asa Boxer (Canada); Pino Coluccio (Canada); Ben Doyle (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sonnet L'AbbÃ© (Canada); Paul Vermeersch (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Conrad Aiken (Academy of American Poets Web site; US), at 84 (Aug. 17), of a heart attack; Kenneth Allott; W. H. Auden, at 66 (Sept. 28); Arna Bontemps, at 70 (June 4), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charles Brasch (New Zealand); Noël Coward, at 73 (March 26), of a heart attack; Michael Dransfield (Australia; April 20); Ramon Guthrie, at 77 (Nov. 22; US); Nan McDonald (Australia); Pablo Neruda, (Sept 23), of leukemia (Chile; Academy of American Poets Web site); J. R. R. Tolkien, at 81 (Sept. 2); Francis Webb (Australia)

John Crowe Ransom wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Miriam Mandel wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Lions at her Face

Robert Hass' Field Guide selected for the Yale Younger Poets Series

Zbigniew Herbert wins the prestigious European Herder Prize

Daniel Hoffman serves as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (1973-74)

Laura Riding Jackson receives a Guggenheim fellowship

Josephine Jacobsen serves as honorary consultant in American letters to the Library of Congress (1973-79)

Margaret Atwood's Power Politics

David Jones' The Sleeping Lord

Philip Larkin's High Windows, including "This Be the Verse" ("They fuck you up, your mum and dad").

Bruce Springsteen's song "Born to Run"

Léonie Adams wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Allen Ginsberg's The Fall of America and Adrienne Rich's Diving into the Wreck win the National Book Award (April 18)

Ted Hughes wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Robert T. S. Lowell Jr.'s The Dolphin (1973) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 7)

Edmund Clarke Blunden; Jacob Bronowski, at 66 (Aug. 22); Austin Clarke; Julian Davis, at 72 (Sept. 6), the gold-miner poet of "Cripple Creek Poem Poke"; David Jones, at 78 (Oct. 28); Kenneth Leslie (Canada); Ogden Nash, (May 19; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tyler Parker, 70 (July 24); John Crowe Ransom, at 86 (July 5; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eric Roach (Tobago); Anne Sexton, at 45 (Oct. 4), of suicide (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Ralph Gustafson wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Fire on Stone

A. R. Ammons' Sphere wins the Bollingen Prize

Tony Connor elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, founded by King George IV in 1820 (England)

Philip Larkin's "Sad Steps" (High Windows 1974; parody), about Sir Philip Sidney's "With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the skies" (1591)

Debora Greger awarded the Grolier Prize in Poetry

Marilyn Hacker's Presentation Piece is both the Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets and the recipient of the National Book Award

Dennis Lee's Alligator Pie

Dorothy Fields (US); Matt Robinson (Canada)

Maya Angelou's Oh Pray My Wings are Gonna Fit Me Well

Kenneth Koch's The Art of Love

Stevie Smith's Collected Poems

Robert Hayden wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Gary Snyder's Turtle Island wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 5)

Michael de Beyer (Canada); Joe Denham (Canada); Michael Dickman (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Amber McWilliams (New Zealand); Shane Neilson (Canada); Tony Tost (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Shelton Brooks (Sept. 6); Roque Dalton, executed May 10, at 39 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Lloyd Frankenberg, at 67 (March 12); Sir Julian Sorell Huxley; Chester Kallman, at 53 (Jan. 18); Pat Lowther (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site), murdered by her husband, Roy Lowther; Sir Francis Meynell, at 84 (July 10); Sydney Goodsir Smith; Joe Wallace; Stanley Young, at 69 (March 22)

Milton Acorn wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with The Island Means Minago

John Ashbery's Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror receives the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, the National Book Critics Circle Award, and the National Book Award

Stevie Smith's "A Soldier Dear to Us" (Collected Poems 1975) about Robert Browning's "'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came'" (1855)

Marya Fiamengo's In Praise of Older Women

Thom Gunn's Jack Straw's Castle

Two poems written in 1965 by Mao Tse-tung just before the cultural revolution, including "Two Birds: A Dialogue," are published on Jan. 1 (Facts on File 36 [1976]: 9)

Derek Walcott's Sea Grapes

John Ashbery's Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (1975) wins the Pulitzer Prize (May 3) and the National Book Award (April 19)

Alex Derwent Hope wins the Robert Frost Award for Poetry

J. V. Cunningham wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Benjamin Britten; Waring Cuney (US); Anne Elder; Florence K. Frank (US); Richard A. W. Hughes; Walter Lowenfels (US); James McAuley (Australia); Johnny Mercer (US); Ian Mudie (Australia); Charles Reznikoff (Jan. 22; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Louis Sissman, at 48 (March 10), of Hodgkin's disease (March 10); Anne Spencer (US)

Joe Rosenblatt wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Top Soil

Karl Jay Shapiro's "Adult Bookstore" (Adult Bookstore 1976), about William Shakespeare's "Th'expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame" (1609)

Carolyn Forché's Gathering the Tribes is selected for the Yale Series of Younger Poets

Tess Gallagher's first collection, Instructions to the Double, wins the Elliston Book Award

Robert Hayden becomes the first black American to be appointed as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (1976-78)

Stephen McInerney (Australia)

Gary Geddes' War Measures

Pat Lowther's A Stone Diary

Samuel Beckett's Collected Poems in English and French

Joseph Brodsky's A Part of Speech

Donald Davies' To Scorch or Freeze

Gay News is successfully prosecuted for blasphemy and libel for publishing James Kirkup's "The love that dares to speak its name"

Ted Hughes' Gaudete

Louise Coxe wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Richard Eberhardt's Collected Poems wins the National Book Award (April 11)

James Merrill's Divine Comedies (1976) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 18)

Norman Nicholson wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Gitaujali Badruddin; Katherine C. Biddle, at 87 (Dec. 30); Elizabeth Daryush; Donald Evans (US); Leon Gellert (Australia); Robert Lowell; Joseph Moncure March (US); Vladimir Nabokov (US); Alan Riddell (Australia); Isidor Schneider (US); Wilbert Snow (US); Louis Untermeyer, at 92 (Dec. 18); Bukka White (US)

D.G. Jones wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Under the Thunder the Flowers Light up the Earth

James Dickey read his poem "The Strength of Fields" at the presidential inaugural concert for Jimmy Carter at the Kennedy Center in Washington (January 19).

Michael S. Harper's Images of Kin wins the Melville-Cane Award from the Poetry Society of America

Maya Angelou's And Still I Rise

Craig Raine's The Onion, Memory

Stevie, a film directed by Robert Enders, based on Hugh Whitemore's play about the poet Stevie Smith, played here by Glenda Jackson

Josephine Miles wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Howard Nemerov's Collected Poems (1977) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 17) and the National Book Award (April 10)

Faith Baldwin, at 84 (March 19); Martin Bell; David Campbell (Australia); Leon Gellert (Australia); Gilbert Highet, at 71 (Jan. 20), of cancer; Hugh MacDiarmid; Phyllis McGinley (US); Frank Stanford, at 29 (June 3), by suicide (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sylvia Townsend Warner; John Hall Wheelock, at 91 (March 22); Louis Zukofsky, at 74 (May 12)

Patrick Lane wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with Poems New and Selected

Ai's Killing Floor wins the Lamont Poetry Award of the Academy of American Poets

Claribel Alegría's Sobrevivo (I Survive) wins the Cuban-sponsored Casa de las Américas prize

George Faludy's East and West

A.J.M. Smith's The Classic Shade

Audre Lord's "Hanging Fire" in The Black Unicorn

One copy of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789) fetches £70,000 in London

Ted Hughes' Moor Town

Craig Raine's A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

Derek Walcott's The Star-Apple Kingdom

James Merrill's Mirabell: Books of Numbers wins the National Book Award (April 23)

Mark Strand and May Swenson win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Robert Penn Warren's Now and Then wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 16)

Patrick Anderson (Canada); Elizabeth Bishop (US); Alter Brody (US); David Campbell (Australia); Peter Cape (New Zealand); Edward Dahlberg (US); Ernest G. Moll (Australia); I. A. Richards; Jean Rhys (Dominica); Allen Tate at 79 (Feb. 9), of emphysema (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Archibald MacLeish wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Michael Ondaatje wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with There's a Trick with a Knife I'm Learning to Do

David Bottoms' Shooting Rats at the Bibb County Dump selected for the Walt Whitman Award

Richard Eberhart serves as New Hampshire's Poet Laureate (1979-84)

Zbigniew Herbert receives the Petrarch Prize in Verona

Laura Riding Jackson receives a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship

Derek Walcott's The Star-Apple Kingdom

Donald Justice's Selected Poems wins the Pulitzer Prize for 1980 (April 14)

Mona Van Duyn wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Frank A. Collymore (Barbados); Denis Glover (New Zealand); Robert Hayden, at 66 (Feb. 25), of a heart ailment (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Julia Reynolds, at 98 (Nov. 28); Muriel Rukeyser, at 66 (Feb. 12), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Schubert (US); A. J. M. Smith (Canada); Mary Stanley (New Zealand); James Wright, at 52 (March 25), of cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Stephen Scobie wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry or Drama (Canada) with McAlmon's Chinese Opera

Michael Blumenthal's Sympathetic Magic receives the Water Mark Poets of North America First Book Prize

"O Canada" becomes Canada's official national anthem

Lucille Clifton's Two-Headed Woman receives the University of Massachusetts Press Juniper Prize

Kenneth Burke wins the National Medal for Literature (April 30)

Dennis J. Enright wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Richard Hugo wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Howard Nemerov and May Swenson win the Pulitzer Prize

James Schuyler's The Morning of the Poem wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 13)

Isabella Stewart Gardner; Robert Garioch; John Glassco; E.Y. Harburg (US); M. K. Joseph (New Zealand); Bob Marley (May 11; Jamaica); Eugenio Montale, at 85 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Helen Steiner Rice, at 80 (April 23), greeting-card poet

M. Travis Lane wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Divinations and Short Poems 1973-1978

F.R. Scott wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with The Collected Poems of F.R. Scott

A. R. Ammons' A Coast of Trees receives the National Book Critics Circle Award for Poetry

Frank Bidart's "The War of Vaslav Nijinsky" wins The Paris Review's first Bernard F. Conners Prize

Lorna Dee Cervantes' Emplumada wins an American Book Award

Edward Hirsch's For the Sleepwalkers goes on to receive the Lavan Younger Poets Award from the Academy of American Poets and the Delmore Schwartz Memorial Award from New York University

Susan Howe's The Liberties wins a National Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation

Robert Bringhurst's The Beauty of the Weapons

Pier Giorgio di Cicco's Flying Deeper into the Century

Margaret Avison's Winter Sun / The Dumbfounding: Poems 1940-66

Gitaujali Badruddin's Poems of Gitaujali, posthumously published

Louise Simone Bennett's Selected Poems

Dylan Thomas was posthumously honoured by a floor plaque in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey (March 1)

John Ashbery and John Frederick Nims win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

William Bronk receives the American Book Award for Life Supports (April 27)

Sylvia Plath's Collected Poems (1981), introduced by Ted Hughes, wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 12)

Djuna Barnes, at 90 (June 18); P'Bitek; Babette Deutsch, at 87 (Nov. 13; US); Rose Drachler (US); Horace Gregory, at 83 (March 11); Lightnin' Hopkins (US); Richard Hugo, at 58 (Oct. 22), of leukemia (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Archibald MacLeish, at 89 (April 20; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Victor David Questel (Trinidad); Kenneth Rexroth, at 76 (June 6), of a heart ailment; Edgell Rickword; Maria Zaturenska, at 80 (Jan. 19), of heart failure

Rona Murray wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Journey

Phyllis Web wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with The Vision Tree: Selected Poems

Yehuda Amichai receives the Israel Prize for Poetry

Cyrus Cassells' The Mud Actor is a National Poetry Series selection

Amy Clampitt receives the Guggenheim Fellowship

Henri Cole becomes the executive director of The Academy of American Poets (1982-88)

W. S. Di Piero's translation This Strange Joy: Selected Poems of Sandro Penna wins the Academy of American Poets' first Raiziss/de Palchi Book Prize

Gavin Ewart's "They Flee from me that sometime did me seek" (The New Ewart 1980-82), about Sir Thomas Wyatt's "They Flee from Me" (ca. 1525-32)

Gavin Ewart's "Jubilate Matteo" (The New Ewart 1982) about Christopher Smart's "Jubilate Agno" (ca. 1759-63)

Richard Eberhart elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters

Carolyn Forché's The Country Between Us wins the Poetry Society of America's Alice Fay di Castagnola Award and is the Lamont Poetry Selection of The Academy of American Poets

Alice Fulton's Dance Script With Electric Ballerina wins the Associated Writing Programs Award

Jack Gilbert's Monolithos wins the Stanley Kunitz Prize and the American Poetry Review Prize

Maya Angelou's Shaker, Why Don't You Sing?

Elizabeth Bishop's Collected Poems 1927-1979, published posthumously

Amy Clampitt's Kingfisher

Philip Booth and James Schuyler win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Anthony E. Hecht and John Hollander win the Bollingen Prize

Galway Kinnell's Selected Poems wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 18)

Kinnell's collection and Charles Wright's Country Music win the American Book Award (April 28)

Ted Berrigan, at 48 (July 4; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edwin Denby, at 80 (July 12), by suicide (US); Ira Gershwin (US); Abbie Huston Evans (US); R. Buckminster Fuller, at 87 (July 1), of a heart attack; Frances Horovitz; Alden Nolan; Robert Payne, at 71 (Feb. 18); Michael Smith (Jamaica); Tennessee Williams (US)

Rhea Tregebov wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Remembering History

David Donnell wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Settlements

Amiri Baraka and Amina Baraka edit Confirmation: An Anthology of African-American Women which wins an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation

Wilfred Owen's "How do I Love Thee?" (The Complete Poems and Fragments 1983) about Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "How Do I Love Thee?" (1850)

Stephen Dobyns' Black Dog, Red Dog is a winner in the National Poetry Series

Richard Howard's translation of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal receives the American Book Award for translation

Denis Johnson's Angels receives the Sue Kauffman Prize for First Fiction of the Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters

Seamus Heaney's Station Island

Philip Larkin turns down the British Poet Laureateship, and Ted Hughes becomes Poet Laureate (Dec. 19 until his death Oct 1998)

Craig Raine's Rich

Bruce Springsteen's "Born in the USA" and "Glory Days"

Robert Francis and Richard Lattimore win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Mary Oliver's American Primitive wins the Pulitzer Prize for 1984 (April 16)

Sir John Betjeman; Richard Brautigan (October) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sir William Empson, at 77 (April 15); Jorge Guillén (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Lattimore, at 77 (Feb. 26), of cancer; George Oppen, at 76 (July 2), of Alzheimer's disease (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Hal Porter, at 73 (Australia; Sept. 29); Jesse Stewart, at 76 (Feb. 17), of a stroke; Faiz Ahmed Faiz (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Alberta Hunter

Bronwen Wallace wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Signs of the Former Tenant

Paulette Jiles wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Celestial Navigation

A Poet's Corner is established at Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York City. Each honoured poet has a stone slab that bears the name, dates of birth and death, and a quotation of the poet. Poets include Elizabeth Bishop, Louise Bogan, Anne Bradstreet, Hart Crane, Emily Dickinson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Marianne Moore, Sylvia Plath, Gertrude Stein, Mark Twain, Phillis Wheatley, Walt Whitman, and William Carlos Williams.

David Antin receives the PEN Los Angeles Award for Poetry

John Ashbery's A Wave wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Michael Blumenthal's Laps: A Book-Length Poem receives the Juniper Prize

Richard Howard's "An Old Dancer" (Quantities/Damages: Early Poems 1984) about W. B. Yeats's "Among School Children" (1926)

James Galvin's God's Mistress is selected for the National Poetry Series

Donald Hall serves as Poet Laureate of New Hampshire (1984-1989)

Laura Ranger (New Zealand)

Amy Clampitt's What the Light was Like

Douglas Eaglesham Dunn's Elegies

Robert Hayden's Collected Poems, posthumously published

Stephen Spender's Collected Poems 1947-80

John Ashbery and Fred Chappell win the Bollingen Prize for their life's works (Jan. 15)

Amy Clampitt and Maxime Kumin win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Douglas Dunn's Elegies wins a Whitbread literary award (Jan. 28)

Carolyn Kizer's Yin wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 24)

Norman MacCaig wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Sharon Olds's The Dead and the Living wins the National Book Critics Circle award (Jan. 14)

Basil Bunting, at 85 (April 17; of American Poets Web site; US); J. V. Cunningham (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Graves, at 90 (Dec. 7; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Stuart Fitzgerald, at 74 (Jan. 16; US); Geoffrey Grigson, at 80 (Nov. 25); Alfred Hayes, at 74 (Aug. 14), of menengitis, poet of the labor song "Joe Hill"; Philip Larkin, at 63 (Dec. 2), of throat cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)); J. S. Manifold (Australia); Josephine Miles, of pneumonia (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Nathan, at 91 (May 25), of kidney failure; F. R. Scott (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site), at 85 (Jan. 31); Douglas Stewart (Australia; Feb. 14

Robert Penn Warren wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Paulette Jiles wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Celestial Navigation

Fred Wah wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Waiting for Saskatchewan

Gwendolyn Brooks is named Poetry Consultant for the Library of Congress for 1985-86

Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street (1984) wins the American Book Award

Carol Ann Duffy's first collection Standing Female Nude receives a Scottish Arts Council Award

Cornelius Eady' Victims of the Latest Dance Craze chosen for the 1985 Lamont Poetry Selection of The Academy of American Poets

Alice Fulton's Palladium selected for the National Poetry Series and winner of the Society of Midland Authors Award (1987)

Louise GlÃ¼ck's The Triumph of Achilles wins the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Boston Globe Literary Press Award, and the Poetry Society of America's Melville Kane Award

Lorna Crozier's The Garden Going on without Us

Wendy Cope's Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis becomes a best-seller

The Pforzheimer Collection of the works of Percy Bysshe Shelley and his circle is donated to the New York Public Library (Dec. 18)

US President Ronald Reagan demonstrates the educational value of memorization by reciting lines from Robert Service's "The Cremation of Sam McGee" (March 4)

Robert Penn Warren, first US Poet Laureate, 1986-87 (Jan. 26)

Afrikaner poet Breten Breytenbach wins the Rapport Prize in South Africa (April 12)

Irving Feldman and Howard Moss win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Louise Gluck's The Triumph of Achilles wins the National Book Critics Circle Award (Feb. 17)

Peter Reading's Stet wins the Whitbread Poetry Award

Adrienne Rich wins the Lilly Prize (June 6);

Wole Soyinka wins the Nobel Prize (Oct. 16)

Henry Taylor's The Flying Change wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 17)

Milton Acorn, at 63 (Aug. 20), of heart disease and diabetes (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); John Ciardi, at 69 (March 30), of a heart attack; Elizabeth Coatsworth, at 93 (Aug. 31); William Sydney Graham; Brion Gysin, at 70 (July 13); Bob Kaufman, at 60 (Jan. 12), of emphysema; (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Henry Reed, at 72 (Dec. 8); Elizabeth Smart, at 72 (March); Rex Warner; Marie Bullock, founder of the Academy of American Poets (Dec 25); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Laurence Collinson (Australia); Phyllis Allfrey (Dominica)

Al Purdy wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with The Collected Poems of Al Purdy

Ai's Sin wins an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale wins the Los Angeles Times Book Award and the Arthur C. Clarke Award

Wendy Cope's "The expense of spirits is a crying shame" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "Th'expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame"

Wendy Cope's "Not from the stars do I my judgement pluck" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "Not from the stars do I my judgement pluck" (1609)

Wendy Cope's "My glass shall not persuade me I'm senescent" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "My glass shall not persuade me I am old" (1609)

Wendy Cope's "Not only marble, but the plastic toys" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments" (1609)

Wendy Cope's "How like a sprinter you have turned and run" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "How like a winter hath my absence been" (1609)

Wendy Cope's "Let me not to the marriage of true swine" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "Let me not to the marriage of true minds" (1609)

Wendy Cope's "Indeed 'tis true. I travel here and there" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about William Shakespeare's "Alas 'tis true, I have gone here and there" (1609)

Marilyn Hacker's "Did you love well what very soon you left?" (Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons 1986), about William Shakespeare's "That time of year thou mayst in me behold"

Owen Seaman's "To Julia in Shooting Togs and a Herrickose Vein" about Robert Herrick's "Upon Julia's Clothes" (1648)

Peter De Vries's "To his Importunate Mistress: Andrew Marvell Updated" (The New Yorker 24 Feb. 1986; imitation), about Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress"

Wendy Cope's "My Lover" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis) about Christopher Smart's "Jubilate Agno" (ca. 1759-63)

A. K. Ramanujan's "Zoo Gardens Revisited" (Second Sight 1986) about William Blake's "The Tyger" (1794)

Wendy Cope's "From Strugnell's Rubáiyát"(Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about Edward Fitzgerald's "RubÃ¡iyÃ¡t of Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (1859)

Wendy Cope's "A Policeman's Lot" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about W. S. Gilbert's "When a felon's not engaged in his employment" (The Pirates of Penzance, 1879)

Wendy Cope's "Waste Land Limericks" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis 1986) about T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land

Wendy Cope's "Budgie Finds his Voice" (Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis) about Ted Hughes' Crow: From the Life and Songs of the Crow (1972)

Deborah Digges' Vesper Sparrows, which will receive the Delmore Schwartz Memorial Prize from New York University

Stephen Dunn's Local Time is a winner in the National Poetry Series

Donald Hall's The Happy Man wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Edward Hirsch's Wild Gratitude wins the National Book Critics Circle Award

Susan Howe's My Emily Dickinson wins a National Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation

Lynda Hull's Ghost Money wins the Juniper Prize

Maya Angelou's Now Sheba Sings the Song

U.S. Supreme Court Justices William J. Brennan, Jr., Harry A. Blackman, and John Paul Stevens rule unanimously that Shakespeare's sonnets were written by Shakespeare, not by Edward de Vere, earl of Oxford (Sept. 25)

Richard Wilbur, US Poet Laureate, 1987-88 (April 17)

Jay Wright's Selected Poems

Joseph Brodsky (a US citizen from 1972) wins the Nobel Prize for Literature (Oct. 22)

Alfred Corn and Josephine Jacobsen win the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Rita Dove's Thomas and Beulah wins the Pulitzer Prize for poetry (April 16)

Seamus Heaney's The Haw Lantern wins the Whitbread literary award

Edward Hirsch's Wild Gratitude wins the National Book Critics Circle award (Jan. 12)

Stanley Kunitz wins the Bollingen Prize (Feb. 10)

Philip Levine wins the Lilly Prize (July 4)

Carlton "Carly" Barrett (April 17; Jamaica); Frank Marshall Davis (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); R. D. Fitzgerald (Australia) (May 24); Hildegarde Flanner (US); Robert Francis (US); Richard Lehmann; John Logan, (Nov. 6); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Gwendolyn MacEwen; Howard Moss, poetry editor of The New Yorker, at 65 (Sept. 16), from a heart attack); Grace Perry (Australia); Peter Tosh (Jamaica); Byron Vazakas (US); Glenway Wescott, at 85 (Feb. 22), from a stroke

Heather Spears wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for How to Read Faces

Gwendolyn MacEwen wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Afterworlds

Jimmy Santiago Baca's Martin and Meditations on the South Valleyreceives the American Book Award for poetry

Tom Clark's "Julia's Under-garments Viewed as a Vision of H2O" (Easter Sunday 1987), about Robert Herrick's "Upon Julia's Clothes" (1648)

Tom Clark's "Dover Beach" (Easter Sunday 1987) about Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867)

Stephen Dobyns' Cemetery Nights wins a Melville Cane Award

Carol Ann Duffy's Selling Manhattan wins the Somerset Maugham Award

Marie Howe's The Good Thief selected for the 1987 National Poetry Series

Brigit Pegeen Kelly's first collection of poems, To The Place of Trumpets selected for the Yale Series of Younger Poets

Joseph Brodsky's To Urania

Philip Larkin's Collected Poems

Howard Nemerov becomes US Poet Laureate (May 16)

Anthony Hecht wins the Lilly Prize (June 3)

Donald Justice wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

William Meredith's Partial Accounts wins the Pulitzer Prize (March 31)

Peter Porter's The Automatic Oracle wins a Whitbread literary award

Derek Walcott wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

C. K. Williams' Flesh and Blood wins the National Book Critics Circle Award (Jan. 11)

Léonie Fuller Adams (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Sterling Brown; Vincent Buckley (Australia); Henry Coulette; Robert Duncan, at 69 (Feb. 3), of a heart attack; Thomas Hornsby Ferril (US); John Clellon Holmes, at 62 (March 30), of cancer; Flexmore Hudson (Australia); Louis Johnson (New Zealand); Iain Lonie (New Zealand); Miguel Pinero, at 41 (June 16), of cirrhosis of the liver; Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, at 90 (Oct. 1)

Gwendolyn MacEwen wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Afterworlds

Neil Curry, "Voyages. II of Mr John Newton" (Ships in Bottles 1988) about John Newton's "Amazing Grace" (1779)

Edwin Morgan's "Variations on Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (Themes on a Variation 1988) about Edward Fitzgerald's "RubÃ¡iyÃ¡t of Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (1859)

Louis Simpson's "Back in the States" (Collected Poems 1988) about Sarah Fuller Adams's "Nearer, my God, to Thee" (1841)

Donald Hall's The One Day wins the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize

Michael S. Harper appointed as the first Poet Laureate of the State of Rhode Island (1988-93)

Daniel Hoffman's Hang-Gliding from Helicon: New and Selected Poems, 1948-1988 wins the Paterson Poetry Prize

Garrett Hongo's The River of Heaven is the Lamont Poetry Selection of The Academy of American Poets

Marie Howe is selected for a Lavan Younger Poets Award from the Academy of American Poets

Andrew Hudgins' After the Lost War: A Narrative receives the Poetry Prize

The Dead Poets Society, a film directed by Peter Weir, with a screenplay by Tom Schulman and excerpts from many traditional poets, ending with the title and opening line of Walt Whitman's lament on the death of Abraham Lincoln, "O Captain! My Captain!"

Edward Dorn's The Gunslinger

Rita Dove's Grace Notes

My Left Foot, a film directed by Jim Sheridan about Christy Brown, the Irish poet, and based on his autobiography

Howard Nemerov, US Poet Laureate, 1988-90

Edgar Bowers is awarded the Bollingen Prize for For Louis Pasteur

Allen Curnow wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Michael Donaghy's Shibboleth wins the Whitbread Poetry Award

Donald Hall's The One Day wins the National Book Critics Circle award (July 9)

Richard Howard wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Mona Van Duyn wins the Lilly Prize (June 2)

Richard Wilbur's New and Collected Poems wins the Pulitzer Prize (March 30)

Richard Willard Armour, at 82 (Feb. 28), of Parkinson's disease; Irving Berlin (US); Sterling A. Brown, at 87 (Jan. 13), of leukemia (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Malcolm Rowley (US); Arthur J. Seymour (Guyana); May Swenson (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Robert Penn Warren, at 84 (Sept. 15), of cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Heather Spears wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Word for Sand

Heather Spears wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with The Word for Sand

April Bernard's Blackbird Bye Bye selected for the Walt Whitman Award

Robert Creeley serves as New York State Poet Laureate (1989-91)

Gavin Ewart's "So We'll Go No More A-roving" (Penultimate Poems 1989) about George Gordon, lord Byron's "So We'll Go No More a Roving" (1830)

Charles Reznikoff's "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (Poems 1918-1975 1989) about John Keats's "La Belle Dame sans Merci" (1820)

Maya Angelou's I Shall Not be Moved

Allen Ginsberg is crowned Majelis King in Prague on May Day

Mark Strand, US Poet Laureate, 1990-91 (May 25)

Hayden Carruth wins the Lilly Prize (June 1)

Paul Durcan's Daddy, Daddy wins the Whitbread Poetry Prize

Rodney Jones' Transparent Gestures wins the National Book Critics Circle award (Feb. 12)

Sorley Maclean wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

William Meredith wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

James Merrill's The Inner Room wins the Library of Congress Bobbitt National Prize (Oct. 26)

Charles Simic's The World Doesn't End wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 12)

Howard Baker (US); Ronald M. Berndt (Australia); Frances Chung (US); Lawrence George Durrell; William Hart-Smith (Australia; April 15); Thomas McGrath (US)

Patricia Young wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Mad and Beautiful Mothers

Margaret Avison wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with No Time

Amy Gerstler's Bitter Angel wins the National Book Critics Circle Award

Louise GlÃ¼ck's Ararat receives the the Library of Congress's Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry

Marilyn Hacker's Going Back to the River receives the Lambda Literary Award

John Haines' New Poems 1980-88 receives both the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize and the Western States Book Award

Joy Harjo's In Mad Love and War receives an American Book Award and the Delmore Schwartz Memorial Award

Lynda Hull's Star Ledger: Poems wins the Edwin Ford Piper Award

Lynda Hull's Star Ledger: Poems wins the Carl Sandburg Award

W. H. Auden's Collected Poems

Joseph Brodsky, US Poet Laureate, 1991-92 (May 10)

Wendy Cope's best-selling Serious Concerns

Amy Gerstler wins the National Book Critics Circle Award

Laura Riding Jackson's The Word "Women" and other Related Writings and Donald Justice's New and Selected Poems win the Bollingen Prize (Jan. 30). Laura Riding Jackson is honoured for her lifetime contribution to poetry.

Philip Levine's What Work Is wins the National Book Award (Nov. 20)

Michael Longley's Gorse Fires wins the Whitbread Poetry Prize

J. D. McClatchy wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Mona Van Duyn's Near Changes wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 9)

David Wagoner wins the Lilly Prize

Judith Wright wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Dorothy Auchterlonie (Australia; Feb. 21); George Barker; R. F. Brissenden; Constance Carrier (US); Paul Engle; Roy Fuller; Etheridge Knight (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Howard Nemerov, at 71 (July 5), of cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Laura Riding Jackson, at 90 (Sept. 2), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); James Schuyler, at 67 (April 12), of a stroke (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dennis Scott (Feb. 21; Jamaica); George Thaniel (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Richard Wilbur wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Karen Connelly wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Small Words in My Body

Don McKay wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Night Field

Sandra Cisneros' Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories wins the Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award, the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, and the Lannan Foundation Literary Award

Billy Collins' Questions About Angels selected for the National Poetry Series

Martha Collins' The Arrangement of Space wins the Peregrine Smith Poetry Competition

Gavin Ewart's "On Being Criticized for Categorizing Rochester's 'A Ramble in St James's Park' as Light Verse" (Collected Poems 1980-1990 1991; criticism), about John Wilmot, earl of Rochester's "A Ramble in Saint James's Park" (1680)

Mimi Khalvati's "La Belle Dame" (In White Ink 1991) about John Keats's "La Belle Dame sans Merci" (1820)

Gavin Ewart's "'If'" (Collected Poems 1980-1990 1991) about Rudyard Kipling's "If--" (1910)

Albert Goldbarth's Heaven and Earth: A Cosmology wins the National Book Critics Circle award for poetry

Brother to Brother: New Writings by Black Gay Men, edited by Essex Hemphill, wins a Lambda Literary Award

Mark Jarman's The Black Riviera (1990) wins the Poets' Prize

Mona Van Duyn, US Poet Laureate, 1992-93 (June 14)

John Ashbery wins the Lilly Prize

Albert Goldbarth's Heaven and Earth: A Cosmology wins the National Book Critics Circle Award (Feb. 14)

Thom Gunn's The Man with Night Sweats, about AIDS, wins the Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection (UK and Eire); Simon Armitage wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Kid; and Jackie Kay wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Black Bottom"

Tony Harrison's The Gaze of the Gorgon wins the Whitbread Poetry Prize

Mary Oliver's New and Selected Poems wins the National Book Award for poetry (Nov. 18)

Adrienne Rich wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

James Tate's Selected Poems (1991) wins the Pulitzer Prize for 1992 (April 7)

Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Derek Walcott (Oct. 8)

Kenneth Burke; George MacBeth (Feb. 16), of motor neuron disease; John Cage (US); R.G. Everson (Canada); Robert W. V. Gittings; Audre Lorde; Eve Merriam, (née Moskowitz; April 11), of cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Elder Olson (US); Roland Robinson (Australia; Feb. 8)

Kate Braid wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Covering Rough Ground

Lorna Crozier wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Inventing the Hawk

Hayden Carruth's Collected Shorter Poems, 1946-1991 receives the National Book Critics' Circle Award

Amy Clampitt becomes a MacArthur Foundation Fellow

Jo Shapcott's "Vegetable Love" (Phrase Book 1992; imitation), about Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress"

Lynn Emanuel's The Dig selected for the National Poetry Series

Essex Hemphill's Ceremonies: Prose and Poetry wins the National Library Association's Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual New Author Award

Tony Hoagland's Sweet Ruin is chosen for the Brittingham Prize in Poetry and wins the Zacharis Award from Emerson College

David Ignatow receives the Frost Medal

Maya Angelou reads "

Bound by Honor, a film directed by Taylor Hackford, based on the life of poet Jimmy Santiaga Baca, who co-wrote the screenplay

Geoffrey Dearmer's A Pilgrim's Song: Selected Poems

Rita Dove, 7th US Poet Laureate, 1993-95 (May 18)

Poetic Justice, a film directed by John Singleton: Maya Angelou's poetry is featured, and she appears as Aunt June

Bruce Springsteen's "Streets of Philadelphia"

A. R. Ammons' Garbage wins the National Book Award for poetry and the Library of Congress's Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry

Hayden Carruth's Collected Poems 1946-1991 wins the National Book Critics Circle poetry award (Feb. 28)

Ciaran Carson's First Language wins the T. S. Eliot Prize

Carol Ann Duffy's Mean Time wins the Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection and the Whitbread Poetry Prize; Don Paterson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Nil Nil; and Vicki Feaver wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Judith"

Louise Glück's The Wild Iris (1992) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 13) and the Poetry Society of America's William Carlos Williams Award

Stanley Kunitz wins the National Medal of Arts (Oct. 7)

Kathleen Raine wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Gerald Stern wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Mark Strand's Dark Harbor wins the Bollingen Prize

Charles Wright wins the Lilly Poetry Prize (May 4)

Helen Adam (US); Thomas A. Dorsey (US); Nancy Keesing (Australia; Jan. 19); Ronald McCuaig (Australia); Oodgeroo Noonuccal ('Kath Walker') (Sept. 16; Australia); Keith Sinclair (New Zealand); William Stafford

Lorna Crozier wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Inventing the Hawk

Don Coles wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Forests of the Medieval World

Sherman Alexie's The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven receives the Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award

Michael Blumenthal's Weinstock Among the Dying: A Novel receives the Harold U. Ribalow Prize

Rafael Campo's The Other Man Was Me: A Voyage to the New World wins the National Poetry Series Open Competition

Judith Ortiz Cofer's The Latin Deli: Prose & Poetry wins the Anisfield Wolf Book Award

Mónica de la Torre arrives from Mexico in the United States on a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Columbia University in New York City

Alison Hawthorne Deming's Science and Other Poems selected to receive the Walt Whitman Award

Roseanna Warren's "Lena's House: Watercolor" (Stained Glass 1993), about Sir Philip Sidney's "You Gote-heard Gods" (1590)

Lawrence Ferlinghetti's "The Sea is Calm Tonight" (These Are My Rivers 1993) about Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" (1867)

Daniel Weissbort's "Poem" (Nietzsche's AttachÃ© Case: New & Selected Poems 1993) about Dylan Thomas's "A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London" (1946)

Allen Ginsberg receives the Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres (the Order of Arts and Letters) from the French Minister of Culture

Thom Gunn's The Man with Night Sweats (1992), a collection memorializing his friends and loved ones who had fallen victim of the AIDS pandemic, receives the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Donald Hall's autobiographical Life Work wins the New England Book award for nonfiction

Daniel Halpern receives the PEN Publisher Citation

Denis Johnson receives a Lannan Fellowship in Fiction

Four Weddings and a Funeral, a film directed by Mike Newell in which W. H. Auden's "Stop all the clocks" is read as a eulogy

Craig Raine's History: The Home Movie

John Wain's Hungry Generations

Gwendolyn Brooks wins the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contributions to American Letters for her Annie Allen (Nov. 16)

Mark Doty's My Alexandria wins the National Book Critics Circle Award (Feb. 13)

James Fenton's Out of Danger wins the Whitbread Poetry Prize

David Ferry wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Donald Hall wins the Lilly Poetry Prize

Alan Jenkins' Harm wins the Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection; Kwame Dawes wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Progeny of Air; and Iain Crichton wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Smith Autumn"

Yusef Komunyakaa's Neon Vernacular (1993) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 12)

W. S. Merwin wins the Academy of American Poets Tanning Prize (Sept. 29)

Paul Muldoon's The Annals of Chile wins the T. S. Eliot Prize

James Tate's Worshipful Company of Fletchers wins the National Book Award for poetry (Nov. 16)

Richard Wilbur wins the National Medal of Arts (Oct. 14)

Charles Bukowski, of leukemia (March 9; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Amy Clampitt, (Sept. 10), of ovarian cancer (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); William Everson (US); Lindley Williams Hubbell (US); Lynda Hull, in an automobile accident (March 29; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Peter Quennel; John Wain (May 24), of a stroke

Diana Brebner wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Golden Lotus

Robert Hilles wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Cantos from a Small Room

Sherman Alexie's Reservation Blues wins the Before Columbus Foundation's American Book Award

Cyrus Cassells' Soul Make a Path Through Shouting receives the William Carlos Williams Award

Adrian Henri's "Winter Garden" (Not Fade Away: Poems 1989-1994 1994; response), about Thomas Campion's "There is a Garden in her Face"

Adrian Henri's "From an Antique Land" (Not Fade Away: Poems 1989-1994 1994) about Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ozymandias" (1818)

Tom Clark's "Fate Taint" (Junkets On A Sad Planet: Scenes From The Life Of John Keats 1994) about John Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" (1820)

Frank Kuppner (1951-): "In a Persian Garden" (132 original stanzas, revised and increased to 150; Everything is Strange 1994) about Edward Fitzgerald's "RubÃ¡iyÃ¡t of Omar KhayyÃ¡m" (1859)

Hugh MacDiarmid's "Nearer, my God, to Thee" (Complete Poems, II, 1994) about Sarah Fuller Adams's "Nearer, my God, to Thee" (1841)

Marilyn Hacker's Winter Numbers wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize and a Lambda Literary Award

Richard Howard serves as Poet Laureate of New York State (1994-96)

Josephine Jacobsen is inducted into The American Academy of Arts and Letters

Brigit Pegeen Kelly's Song is the Lamont Poetry Selection of the Academy of American Poets

Robert Hass is named US Poet Laureate 1995-97 (May 7)

Jim Mays, head of English at University College, Dublin, announces that 300 poems by S. T. Coleridge have been discovered (Feb. 16)

Sotheby's uncovers four Walt Whitman notebooks (Feb. 17)

A. R. Ammons wins the Lilly Poetry Prize (April 26)

Gwendolyn Brooks wins the National Medal of Arts (Oct. 5)

Mark Doty's My Alexandria chosen for the National Poetry Series, also wins the National Book Critics Circle Award and the T. S. Eliot Prize

Seamus Heaney wins the Nobel Prize for Literature (Oct. 5)

Kenneth Koch's One Train wins the Bollingen Prize (Feb. 6)

Stanley Kunitz's Passing Through: The Later Poems, New and Selected wins the National Book Award for poetry

Denise Levertov wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Philip Levine's Simple Truth (1994) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 18)

Sean O'Brien's Ghost Train wins the Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection; Jane Duran wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Breathe Now, Breathe; and Jenny Joseph wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "In Honour of Love"

Bernard O'Donoghue's Gunpowder wins the Whitbread Poetry Prize

Mark Rudman's Rider wins the National Book Critics Circle poetry award (Feb. 26)

James Tate wins the Academy of American Poets Tanning Prize (Sept. 19)

Kingsley Amis, at 73 (Oct. 22), after an accidental fall; Earle Birney (Canada); John Blight (Australia); Donald Davie, at 73 (Sept. 18), of cancer; Max Harris (Jan. 13; Australia); Gwen Harwood (Australia; Dec. 4); Essex Hemphill, from complications relating to AIDS (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Philip Hodgins (Australia); Helene Johnson (July 7), after osteoporosis (US); Jane Kenyon, of leukemia (April; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Charlee Marshall (Australia); James Merrill, at 68 (Feb. 6), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Bruce St. John (Barbados); Andrew Salkey (April 28; Panama); May Sarton (US); Kendrick Smithyman (Dec. 28; New Zealand); Sir Stephen Spender, at 86 (July 16), of a heart ailment (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Harold Stewart (Australia)

Beth Goobie wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Scars of Light

Anne Szumigalski wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Voice

Ralph Angel's Neither World receives the James Laughlin Award

Margaret Atwood's Morning in the Burned House is a co-winner of the Trillium Award

Hayden Carruth awarded the Lannan Literary Fellowship

Cyrus Cassells is the recipient of the Pushcart Prize

Lorna Dee Cervantes receives a Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers' Award

Jane Cooper holds the post of New York State Poet (1995-97)

Elizabeth Spires's "Good Friday. Driving Westward" (Worldling 1995; imitation), about John Donne's "Good Friday, 1613, Riding Westward" (1613)

Jon Stallworthy's "The Thread" (The Guest From the Future 1995) about Robert Browning's "'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came'" (1855)

Jon Stallworthy's "From the Life [My Last Mistress]" about Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess" (1842)

Richard Howard's "Nikolaus Mardruz to his Master Ferdinand, Count of Tyrol, 1565" (Yale Review 1995) about Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess" (1842)

Amelia Blossom Pegram's "Burials" (The Heinemann Book of African Women's Poetry 1995) about Cecil Frances Alexander's "Maker of Heaven and Earth" (1848)

Deborah Digges wins the Kingsley Tufts Prize

Mark Doty's Atlantis receives the Ambassador Book Award, the Bingham Poetry Prize, and a Lambda Literary Award

Kimiko Hahn's The Unbearable Heart receives an American Book Award

Bob Hicok's The Legend of Light receives the Felix Pollak Prize in Poetry (and is later named a 1997 ALA Booklist Notable Book of the Year)

Scott Hightower's Part of the Bargain wins the Hayden Carruth Award for New and Emerging Poets

Dead Man, a film directed by Jim Jarmusch about a man named William Blake who goes on a trek through the western US and is taken by a character named Nobody as the resurrected Romantic poet

Hayden Carruth's Scrambled Eggs & Whiskey: Poems 1991-1995 wins the National Book Award (Nov. 6)

John Fuller's Stones and Fires wins the Forward Prize for Best Poetry Collection; Kate Clanchy wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Slattern; and Kathleen Jamie wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "The Graduates"

Jorie Graham's The Dream of the Unified Field (1995) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 9)

Seamus Heaney's The Spirit Level wins the Whitbread Prize (Jan. 21, 1997)

William Matthews' Time & Money wins the National Book Critics Circle poetry award (March 21)

Sir Les Murray's Subhuman Redneck Poems wins the T. S. Eliot Prize

Peter Redgrove wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Adrienne Rich wins the Tanning Prize

Gerald Stern wins the Lilly Prize

Jay Wright wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Joseph Brodsky; George M. Brown, at 74 (April 13); Geoffrey Dearmer, at 103 (Aug. 18); Lincoln Kirstein (US); Larry Levis, at 49, of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Dorothy Livesay (Canada); Mina Loy (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anthony McNeill (Jamaica); J. R. Rowland (Australia)

Lorna Crozier wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Everything Arrives at the Light

E.D. Blodgett wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Apostrophes: Woman at a Piano

Stone tablet placed in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey for Sir John Betjeman (Nov. 11).

Robin Becker's All-American Girl wins the Lambda Literary Award in Lesbian Poetry

Rafael Campo's What the Body Told wins the Lambda Literary Award

Joshua Clover's Madonna anno domini chosen to receive the Walt Whitman Award

Judith Ortiz Cofer's young adult book An Island Like You: Stories of the Barrio receives The American Library Association Reforma Pura Belpre Medal and the Fanfare Best Book of the Year Award

Olena Kalytiak Davis is the recipient of the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award

Rafael Campo's "IX. Sonnet for the Portuguese" (What the Body Told 1996) about Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "How Do I Love Thee?" (1850)

Maxime Kumin's "Almost Spring, Driving Home, Reciting Hopkins" (Connecting the Dots: Poems 1996) about Gerard Manley Hopkins's "God's Grandeur" (1877)

Mark Doty's Heaven's Coast receives the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction

Rita Dove wins the Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities and President Bill Clinton awards her the National Humanities Medal

Denise Duhamel's The Star-Spangled Banner wins the Crab Orchard Poetry Prize

Martin Espada's Imagine the Angels of Bread wins an American Book Award

Nikki Giovanni wins the Langston Hughes award for Distinguished Contributions to Arts and Letters

Marilyn Hacker's Selected Poems: 1965-1990 receives the Poets' Prize

Susan Howe is awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship

Miller Williams of Arkansas reads his poem, "Of History and Hope," at the inauguration of President Clinton (Jan. 20)

Regeneration, a film based on Pat Barker's novel of the same name, about the World War I poets Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon

Wilde, a film directed by Brian Gilbert, on the life of Oscar Wilde

Robert Pinsky becomes new US Poet Laureate, 1997-2000

John Haines wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Robert Hass' Sun under Wood wins the Book Critics Circle Award (March 18)

Anthony Hecht wins the Tanning Prize

Ted Hughes wins the Whitbread Award for Tales from Ovid (Jan. 27, 1998)

William Matthew wins the Lilly Prize

William Meredith's Effort at Speech wins the National Book Award (Nov. 18)

Lisel Mueller's Alive Together: New and Selected Poems (1996) wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 7)

Gary Snyder's Mountains and Rivers without End wins the Bollingen Prize

Alfred G. Bailey (Canada); Martin Wylde Carter (Dec. 13; Guyana); James Dickey, at 73 (Jan. 19; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Allen Ginsberg, at 70, of liver cancer (April 5; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); David Ignatow (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ellsworth McGranaham 'Shake' Keane (Nov. 11; St. Vincent); James Laughlin, at 83 (Nov. 12); Laurie Lee, at 82 (May 15); Denise Levertov; William Matthews, at 55 (Nov. 12), of a heart attack (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anne Marriott (Canada); David Martin (Australia); David McCord (US)

John Ashbery wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Marilyn Bowering wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Autobiography

Dionne Brand wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Land to Light On

Jamie McKendrick wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for The Marble Fly; Robin Robertson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for A Painted Field; and Lavinia Greenlaw wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "A World Where News Travelled Slowly"

Bill Manhire named first Te Mata Estate Poet Laureate of New Zealand.

Mary Jo Bang's first book Apology for Want chosen for the Bakeless Prize

Cyrus Cassells' Beautiful Signor wins the Lambda Literary Award

Mahmoud Darwish is the recipient of France's Knight of Arts and Belles Lettres Medal

Olena Kalytiak Davis' And Her Soul Out of Nothing selected for the Brittingham Prize

Dorothy Hickson's "129F. A Response to Shaxper's Sonnet 129" (The Muses Strikes Back 1997), about William Shakespeare's "Th'expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame" (1609)

Annie's Finch's "Coy Mistress", about Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress"

David Wojahn's "Till we have built Jerusalem (Guyana, 1976)" (The Falling Hour 1997) about William Blake's "And did those feet in ancient time" (1808)

Adrian Mitchell's "Nostalgia---Now Threepence Off" (Heart on the Left: Poems: 1953-1984 1997) about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "A Psalm of Life" (1838)

Jorie Graham serves as a Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets (1997-2003)

Eamon Grennan's Leopardi: Selected Poems wins the PEN Award for Poetry in Translation

Geoffrey Hill's Canaan wins the Kahn Award

David Ignatow receives the William Carlos Williams Award of the Poetry Society of America

Hettie Jones' first collection of poems, Drive receives the Norma Farber First Book Award from the Poetry Society of America

Donald Justice serves as a Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets (1997-2003)

A. R. Ammons wins the Tanning Prize

Paul Farley's The Boy from the Chemist is here to see you, wins the Forward award for the best first collection of poems

Ted Hughes' Birthday Letters, a volume of poems addressed to his late first wife, Sylvia Plath, wins the Whitbread Award (Jan. 27, 1999)

W. S. Merwin wins the Lilly Prize (July 8)

Sir Les Murray wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Charles Simic wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Gerald Stern's This Time wins the National Book Award (Nov. 18) and the National Book Critics Circle Award

Charles Wright wins the Pulitzer Prize for Black Zodiac (April 14)

John Malcolm Brinnin; Audrey Alexandra Brown (Canada); Geoffrey Dutton (Sept. 17; Australia); John Forbes (Australia); Aimee Joan Grunberger, of cancer, at 44; Zbigniew Herbert (July 28; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Ted Hughes, of cancer (Oct. 28; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Janet Lewis (Dec. 1; US); Hilda Morley, at 81; Alastair Morrison ('Afferbeck Lauder') (Australia); Octavio Paz, Mexican poet (April 19; Academy of American Poets Web site); Elizabeth Riddell (Australia; July 3); Martin Seymour-Smith (July 1); Vivian Lancaster Virtue (Dec. 17; Jamaica)

Barbara Nickel wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Gladys Elegies

Stephanie Bolster wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with White Stone: The Alice Poems

Ted Hughes wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Birthday Letters; Paul Farley wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for The Boy from the Chemist is Here to See You; and Sheenagh Pugh wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Envying Owen Beattie"

Robert Pinsky, Poetry Consultant for the Library of Congress, launched the Favorite Poem Project (FPP), which solicited Americans for a year, until April 30, 1999, to submit their favorite poem by letter and email to Boston University's Mugar Library, where they are stored at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center. The Library of Congress has audio recordings of a thousand reading their poem, and videotapes of two hundred doing so. 18,000 Americans wrote in. Pinsky and Maggie Dietz (Director of the FPP) published 200 of these poems in a project anthology, Americans' Favorite Poems (W. W. Norton, 1999).

Sandra Alcosser's Except By Nature receives the Academy of American Poets' James Laughlin Award (also selected for the 1997 National Poetry Series)

Toi Derricotte's Tender (1997) wins the Paterson Poetry Prize

Toi Derricotte's The Black Notebooks (1997) wins the Annisfield-Wolf Book Award for Non-Fiction

Emanuel di Pasquale wins the Bordighera Poetry Prize for his translation of Joe Salerno's Song of the Tulip Tree

Lawrence Ferlinghetti becomes the first Poet Laureate of San Francisco

David Ferry elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Nikki Giovanni wins three NAACP Image Awards for Literature

Tony Hoagland's Donkey Gospel receives the James Laughlin Award

Geoffrey Hill's The Triumph of Love wins the Heinemann Book Award

Mark Jarman's Questions for Ecclesiastes wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Lynn Crosbie's Queen Rat

Ernest Hemingway's oldest son John donates his father's Three Stories and Ten Poems to the Library of Congress

Andrew Motion becomes British Poet Laureate (May 19)

Robert Pinsky becomes US Poet Laureate (April 27)

Scotland's Parliament opened with the singing of Robert Burns' "A Man's a Man For A'That," instead of "God Save The Queen" (July 1)

Ai's Vice: New and Selected Poems wins the National Book Award (Nov. 17)

Gwendolyn Brooks wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Robert Creeley's So There and Life & Death win the Bollingen Prize (Feb. 9)

Seamus Heaney wins the Whitbread Prize for his translation of Beowulf (Jan. 2000)

Maxime Kumin wins the Lilly Prize

Jackson MacLow wins the Tanning Prize

Edwin Morgan wins the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (UK)

Marie Ponsot wins the Book Critics Circle Award for The Bird Catcher (March 8)

Adrienne Rich wins the Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award (Oct.)

Mark Strand wins the Pulitzer Prize for Blizzard of One (April 12)

Patricia Beer, at 79; Edward Dorn, 70 (Dec.); Ida Affleck Graves, 97 (Dec.) Moondog, street poet (aka Louis T. Hardin), 83 (Sept. 8); John Frederick Nims, (Jan. 13; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Shel Silverstein, 66 (May 9; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John J. M. Figueroa (March 5; Jamaica)

Hilary Clark wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for More Light

Jan Zwicky wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Songs for Relinquishing the Earth

Michael Hartnett (Oct. 13; Irish), from alcoholic liver syndrome

Jo Shapcott wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for My Life Asleep; Nick Drake wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for The Man in the White Suit; and Robert Minhinnick wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Twenty-five Laments for Iraq"

Michael Blumenthal's Dusty Angel wins the Isabella Stewart Gardner Prize

Geoffrey Brock receives the Raiziss de Palchi Translation Fellowship from the Academy of American Poets for his work on Cesare Pavese's poetry. His resulting volume, Disaffections: Complete Poems 1930-1950 (2002) wins the MLA's Lois Roth Translation Award and the PEN Center USA's Translation Award

Lucille Clifton and Robert Creeley are elected Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets

Wanda Coleman's Bathwater Wine (1998) wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Tory Dent's HIV, Mon Amour wins the James Laughlin Award

Lorna Goodison's "To Mr. William Wordsworth, Distributor of Stamps for Westmoreland" (Turn Thanks 1999)

David Ray's "The Ashes" (Demons in the Diner 1999) about Gerard Manley Hopkins's "Spring & Fall" (1918)

Carol Ann Duffy becomes a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in England

Denise Duhamel's The Star-Spangled Banner wins the Crab Orchard Poetry Prize

Lynn Emanuel's Then, Suddenlyâ awarded the Eric Matthieu King Award from The Academy of American Poets

David Ferry's Of No Country I Know: New and Selected Poems and Translations wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize, the Bingham Poetry Prize from Boston Book Review, and the Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry

Louise GlÃ¼ck's Vita Nova wins the Boston Book Review's Bingham Poetry Prize and The New Yorker's Book Award in Poetry; GlÃ¼ck is elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Terrance Hayes' Muscular Music wins the Kate Tufts Discovery Award

Juan Felipe Herrera's Crashboomlove receives the Americas Award

Susan Howe is elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Peter Johnson receives a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts

Judy Jordan's Carolina Ghost Woods selected for the Walt Whitman Award and wins the National Book Critics Circle Award

Stanley Kunitz is appointed US Poet Laureate (July 31)

Janice Mirikitani succeeds Lawrence Ferlinghetti as San Francisco's Poet Laureate (Feb.)

National Poetry Day in Great Britain (Oct. 4): 300 school children at the Royal Festival Hall and 4,000 persons nationwide performed Patience Agbabi's "Word," a new Guinness World Record for simultaneous mass performance of a poem

Edward Lear's "The Owl and the Pussycat" named Britain's favourite children's poem in a BBC Poll (Oct. 3)

Justin Trudeau quotes from Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods" at the funeral of his father, former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (Oct. 3)

Spike Milligan is made an honorary knight

John Burnside's The Asylum Dance wins the Whitbread Poetry Award

Anne Carson and Lucia Perillo win MacArthur Fellowships (June 13)

Lucille Clifton's Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988-2000 wins the National Book Award

Carl Dennis wins the Lilly Prize (April 17)

Lyn Hejinian wins the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Ruth Stone's Ordinary Words wins the National Book Critics Circle Award (March 13)

Hugo Williams's Billy's Rain wins the T. S. Eliot Prize (Jan.)

C. K. Williams' Repair wins the Pulitzer Prize (April 10)

Maya Angelou wins the National Medal of Arts (Dec. 14)

Frank Bidart wins the Wallace Stevens Award, formerly the Tanning Prize (Dec. 15)

David Ferry's Of No Country I Know wins the Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry (Dec. 18)

Esta Spalding wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Lost August

Linda Rogers won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Snail Love with Opera"

Don McKay wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Another Gravity

Michael Donaghy wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Conjure; Andrew Waterhouse wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for In; and Tessa Biddington wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "The Death of Descartes"

Yehuda Amichai (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edgar Bowers, at 75, of non-Hodgkins' lymphoma; Gwendolyn Brooks (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Bruce (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Roland Flint, at 66 (Jan. 2), of cancer; A. D. Hope (Australia; July 13); Al Purdy (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site), at 81 (April 21), of lung cancer; Libby Scheier (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Karl Shapiro, at 86 (May 14); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); R. S. Thomas, 87 (Sept. 25); Judith Wright, 85, of a heart attack (Australia; June 26); William Scammell (Nov. 29); Gwendolyn Brooks, 83 (Dec. 3), of cancer; Adrian Henry (Dec. 20); Nancy Cato (Australia); Aldwyn "Lord Kitchener" Roberts (Feb 11; Trinidad and Tobago); Philip Manderson Sherlock, at 98 (Dec. 4; Jamaica); Lauris Edmond (New Zealand); Judith Wright (Australia)

Margaret Atwood's The Blind Assassin wins the Booker Prize and the Dashell Hammett Prize

David Bottoms appointed poet laureate of Georgia (to present)

Lawrence Ferlinghetti receives the lifetime achievement award from the National Book Critics Circle

Nick Flynn's Some Ether receives the PEN/Joyce Osterweil Award

Seamus Heaney's translation Beowulf wins the Whitbread Book of the Year Award

Susan Howe is elected a Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets

Billy Collins is named US Poet Laureate (June 20), starting October

(Canadian) P. K. Page's poem "Planet Earth" was selected by Marilyn Hacker to be read during the last week in March as part of the United Nations project, "Dialogue among Civilizations through Poetry," at the U.N. building in New York, Mount Everest, the West Philippines Sea, and Antarctica. Over 200 poetry readings in 150 cities worldwide took place that week.

Professor John Basinger, 67, performed, from memory, John Milton's Paradise Lost at Three Rivers Community-Technical College in Norwich, Connecticutt, on Dec. 7-9, a feat that took 18 hours

Judy Jordan's Carolina Ghost Woods wins the Book Critics Circle Award (March 12)

Stephen Dunn's Different Hours wins the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (April 16)

Yusef Komunyakaa wins the Lilly Prize (April 26)

Alan Dugan's "Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry" wins the National Book Award for Poetry (Nov.)

Agha Shahid Ali (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); A. R. Ammons (Feb. 25; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Helen Bevington; Diana Brebner (Canada); Gregory N. Corso, at 70 (Jan. 17; Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Allen Curnow (New Zealand); Louis Dudek (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); David Gascoyne (Nov. 25); Pamela Gillilan (Oct. 26); Elizabeth Jennings (Oct. 26); Anne Ridler, 89 (Oct. 16); Andrew Waterhouse (Oct. 20); Amy Witting (Australia)

Anne Carson's Men in the Off Hours wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize

Anne Carson's The Beauty of the Husband wins the T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry Awarded by the Poetry Book Society

Sharon Thesen wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for A Pair of Scissors

Rowland Molony won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "The Dying and the Light"

George Elliott Clarke wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Execution Poems

A commemorative plaque unveiled for Wilfrid Owen at his boyhood Merseyside home in Birkenhead

Sean O'Brien wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Downriver; John Stammers wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for The Panoramic Lounge Bar; and Ian Duhig wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "The Lammas Hireling"

Philip Booth's Lifelines: Selected Poems, 1950-1999 receives the Poets' Prize

Laure-Anne Bosselaar's Small Gods of Grief wins the Isabella Gardner Prize for Poetry

Ralph Burns' Ghost Notes to win the Field Poetry Prize

Mahmoud Darwish is the recipient of the Prize for Cultural Freedom from the Lannan Foundation

Emanuel di Pasquale's translation from the Italian of Silvio Ramat's Sharing a Trip: Selected Poems wins the Academy of American Poets' Raiziss/de Palchi Fellowship

W. D. Snodgrass's "Sonnet #129 -- de/composed from Shakespeare, A" and "Sonnet #129 -- de/composed from Shakespeare, B" (De/Compositions 2001), about William Shakespeare's "Th'expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame" (1609)

W. D. Snodgrass's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways -- de/composed from Wordsworth" (De/Compositions 2001) about William Wordsworth's "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways" (1800)

Clayton Esleman's translation of CÃ©sar Vallejo's Trilce is a co-winner of the Academy of American Poets' 2001 Harold Morton Landon Translation Award

Dana Gioia's Interrogations at Noon wins the American Book Award

Albert Goldbarth's Saving Lives wins the National Book Critics Circle award for poetry

Edith Grossman wins the PEN-BOMC Translation Prize for her rendering of Mario Vargas Llosa's Feast of the Goat

Robert Hass serves as a Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets (2001-07)

Terrance Hayes' Hip Logic wins the 2001 National Poetry Series

Fanny Howe's Selected Poems wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Peter Johnson's Miracles & Mortifications (2001) wins the James Laughlin Award

On September 11, al-Qaeda terrorists kill 3,000 by hijacking four planes and crashing them into the twin towers of the New York World Trade Center, and into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia

Paul Celan's Glottal Stop wins the Griffin Prize (International)

June Jordan, of breast cancer (June 14); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Kenneth Koch; Dorothy Hewett (Australia; Aug. 25); R. A. Simpson (Australia; Oct. 2); Gloria Escoffery (April 24; Jamaica); Gary Catalano (Australia)

Christian BÃ¶k's Eunoia (a lipogram that uses only one vowel in each of its chapters) wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize

Alice Notley's Disobedience wins the International Griffin Poetry Prize

Alice Oswald's Dart wins the T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry awarded by the Poetry Book Society

Carl Dennis's Practical Gods wins the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Heather Spears wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Required Reading: A Witness in Words and Drawings to the Reena Virk Trials 1998-2000

George Bowering, appointed Canada's first Parliamentary Poet Laureate (2002-04)

Christopher James won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Walking Southward on O'Connell Street"

Roy Miki wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Surrender

Peter Porter wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Max is Missing; Tom French wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Touching the Bones; and Medbh McGuckian wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "She is in the Past, She has this Grace"

Meena Akexander's Illiterate Heart wins the PEN Open Book Award

Ciaran Carson's translation of Dante's Inferno awarded the Oxford Weidenfeld Translation Prize

Madeline DeFrees' Blue Dusk wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize and a Washington Book Award

On April 9, the memorial booklet at the service for the Queen Mother at Westminster Abbey showed an anonymous poem, titled "She is Gone": You can shed tears that she is gone or you can smile because she has lived. You can close your eyes and pray that she'll come back or you can open your eyes and see all she's left. Your heart can be empty because you can't see her or you can be full of the love you shared. You can turn your back on tomorrow and live yesterday or you can be happy for tomorrow because of yesterday. You can remember her and only that she's gone or you can cherish her memory and let it live on. You can cry and close your mind, be empty and turn your back or you can do what she'd want: smile, open your eyes, love and go on. This was based on a prose piece, "Remember Me," written by Cumbria writer David Harkins in 1981

Alice Fulton's Felt awarded the Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry from the Library of Congress

Linda Gregerson's Waterborne wins the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award

Alan Dugan (Sept. 3) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); John Newlove (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Clement Byrne Christesen (Australia)

Paul Muldoon's Moy Sand and Gravel wins the International Griffin Poetry Prize and the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Don Paterson's Landing Light wins T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry, awarded by the Poetry Book Society

Margaret Avison's Concrete and Wild Carrot wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize

Louise GlÃ¼ck serves as U.S. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry (Library of Congress; 2003-04) and is announced as the new judge of the Yale Series of Younger Poets

W. S. Merwin wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Dionne Brand wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for thirsty

Carol Shields (July 16; Canada); Tada Chimako (Japan); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Josephine Jacobsen (Canada); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Sheenagh Pugh won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Chocolate from the Famine Museum"

Tim Lilburn wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Kill-site

CiarÃ¡n Carson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Breaking News; A. B. Jackson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Fire Stations; and Robert Minhinnick wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "The Fox in the National Museum of Wales"

Frank Bidart elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Martin Espada's Alabanza: New and Selected Poems (1982-2002) receives the Paterson Award for Sustained Literary Achievement and is named an American Library Association Notable Book of the year

Linda Gregg wins the Sara Teasdale Award

Eamon Grennan's Still Life with Waterfall wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Pedro Pietri, March 3 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Anthony Hecht (Oct. 20); Mona Van Duyn; Thom Gunn, April 25 (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Fred Cogswell (Canada); Bruce Beaver (Australia; Feb. 17); Janet Frame (New Zealand); Donald Justice (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Wilbur G. Howcroft (Australia)

August Kleinzahler's The Strange Hours Travelers Keep wins the International Griffin Poetry Prize

Franz Wright's Walking to Martha's Vineyard wins the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Anne Simpson's Loop wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize

George Szirtes' Reel wins T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry, awarded by the Poetry Book Society

Ted Kooser serves as U.S. Poet Laureate (Library of Congress) 2004-06

Betsy Struthers wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Still

Pauline Michel, appointed Canada's Parliamentary Poet Laureate (2004-06)

William Hampton won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Encountering my first untouchables"

Roo Borson wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Short Journey Upriver Toward Oishida

Kathleen Jamie wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for The Tree House; Leontia Flynn wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for These Days; and Daljit Nagra wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Look We Have Coming to Dover!"

Geoffrey Brock's Weighing Light receives the New Criterion Poetry Prize

Henri Cole's Middle Earth (2003) receives the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award

David Hoover's "Trees" about Joyce Kilmer's "Trees"

Nick Flynn's memoir Another Bullshit Night in Suck City receives the the PEN/Martha Albrand Award

Anselm Hollo's translation of Pentii Saarikoski's Trilogy receives the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award from the Academy of American Poets

Stanley Kunitz, May 14, in Manhattan; Malca Litovitz (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site)

Charles Simic's Selected Poems 1963-2003 wins the 2005 International Griffin Poetry Prize

Ted Kooser's Delights and Shadows wins the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Carol Ann Duffy's Rapture wins T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry, awarded by the Poetry Book Society

Roo Borson's Short Journey Upriver Toward Oishida wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize

Roo Borson wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Short Journey Upriver Toward Oishida

Rosamund Stanhope (Dec. 7; UK); Robert Creeley, at 78 (March 30) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Tory Dent (December) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Richard Eberhart, at 101 (June 9) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US)

Carole Bromley won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "The Lovers"

Anne Compton wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Processional

David Harsent wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Legion); Helen Farish wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Intimates; and Paul Farley wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Liverpool Disappears for a Billionth of a Second"

Kazim Ali's The Far Mosque wins the Alice James Books' New England/New York Award

Marvin Bell begins the first of two terms as Iowa's first Poet Laureate

Jack Gilbert's Refusing Heaven wins the National Book Critics Circle Award

Tony Hoagland receives the Poetry Foundation's Mark Twain Award in recognition of his contribution to humor in American poetry

Daniel Hoffman receives the Arthur Rense Poetry Prize "for an exceptional poet" from the American Academy of Arts and Letters

Louise Bennett-Coverley (Jamaica), "Miss Lou", folk poet, July 26; Ivor Cutler (UK), March 3; Patricia Goedicke (US), of pneumonia, July 14; Irving Layton, Jan. 4, of Alzheimer's disease (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Trinidad SÃ¡nchez Jr. (US); Muriel Spark (Scotland); Stanley Jasspon Kunitz (May 14; US), at 100; Ruth Taylor (Feb. 18; Canadian), of alcoholism; Barbara Guest (Feb. 15; US); Cole Turnley (Australia); Peter Robert Edwin Viereck (May 13; US); Francis Berry (Oct. 10; UK); Philip Martin (Australia); John Heath-Stubbs (Dec. 26; US), at 88; Colin Thiele (Australia; Sept. 5)

Sylvia Legris's Nerve Squall wins the Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize for 2006, and the 2006 Pat Lowther Memorial Award

Claudia Emerson's Late Wife wins the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Kamau Brathwaite's Born to Slow Horses wins the 2006 International Griffin Poetry Prize

Robin Blaser wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Lifetime Recognition Award)

Seamus Heaney wins the T. S. Eliot Prize (Poetry Book Society) for District and Circle

Sylvia Legris wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Nerve Squall

John Steffler, appointed Canada's Parliamentary Poet Laureate (2006-08)

Anthony Snider won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Panegyric"

John Pass wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Stumbling in the Bloom

Robin Robertson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Swithering; Tishani Doshi wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Countries of the Body; and Sean O'Brien wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Fantasia on a Theme of James Wright"

Rita Dove wins the Common Wealth Award

Rita Dove elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Linda Gregg wins the PEN/Voelcker Award winner for Poetry

Edith Grossman is awarded the PEN Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation for lifetime achievement in the field

Donald Hall appointed the Library of Congress's fourteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry (2006-07) (US)

Lyn Hejinian elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Michele Leggott, University of Auckland, became the inaugural poet laureate of New Zealand, 2007-09

Native Guard by Natasha Trethewey wins the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Don McKay wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Canadian) for Strike/Slip

Charles Wright wins the Griffin Trust Prize (International) for Scar Tissue

Tomas TranstrÃ¶mer wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Lifetime Recognition Award)

Sean O'Brien wins the T. S. Eliot Prize (Poetry Book Society) for The Drowned Book

Charles Simic serves as U.S. Poet Laureate (Library of Congress) 2007-08

Sina Queyras wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Lemon Hound

Vernon Scannell (Nov. 17; US)

Brian Bransom "Bill" Griffiths (Sept. 13; UK)

Michael Peter Leopold Hamburger (June 7; UK)

Leonard Nathan, at 82 of Alzheimer's disease (US); Philip Booth, of Alzheimer's disease (July 2) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Margaret Avison (Canada; Canadian Poetry Web site); Meg Campbell (New Zealand)

William Morris Meredith (May 30; US)

Artie Gold (Feb. 14; Canadian); Jane Cooper (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Eric Rolls (Australia); John Croyston (Australia)

Christopher Buehlman won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Wanton"

Don Domanski wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with All Our Wonders Unavenged

Sean O'Brien wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for The Drowned Book;Daljit Nagra wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Look We Have Coming to Dover!; and Alice Oswald wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Dunt"

Elizabeth Alexander selected to receive the Jackson Poetry Prize from Poets & Writers

Frank Bidart wins the Bollingen Prize in American Poetry

Lucille Clifton wins the Ruth Lilly Prize

Helen Bevington's "Herrick's Julia", about Robert Herrick's "Upon Julia's Clothes" (1648)

Erica Funkhouser is the receipient of the Guggenheim Foundation grant for poetry

Robert Hass' Time and Materials wins the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize

Time and Materials by Robert Hass and Failure by Philip Schultz win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Ko Un wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Lifetime Recognition Award)

Robin Blaser wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Canadian) for The Holy Forest: Collected Poems of Robin Blaser

John Ashbery wins the Griffin Trust Prize (International) for Notes from the Air: Selected Later Poems

Jen Hadfield wins the T. S. Eliot Prize (Poetry Book Society) for Nigh-No-Place

Anne Simpson wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Quick

William De Witt Snodgrass (Jan. 13; US); Dorothy Porter (Dec. 10; Australian); Hayden Carruth (Sept. 29); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Betty (Elizabeth) Bartlett (June 18; UK); Andrew Thomas Knights Crozier (April 3; UK); Edward Archibald Markham (March 23; Montserrat); James Reaney (June; Canadian), at 81; Ruth Dallas (Ruth Mumford) (Mar. 18; New Zealand)

Anne Stewart won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Still Water, Orange, Apple, Tea"

Jacob Scheier wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with More to Keep Us Warm

Mick Imlah wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for The Lost Leader; Kathryn Simmonds wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Sunday at the Skin Launderette; and Don Paterson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "Love Poem for Natalie 'Tusja' Beridze"

Aimée Césaire (Martinique); (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Mahmoud Darwish (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Hone Tuwhare (New Zealand)

Henri Cole's Blackbird and Wolf wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize

Victor Hernández Cruz elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Mark Doty's Fire to Fire: New and Selected Poems wins the National Book Award

Clayton Eshleman receives the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award of the Academy of American Poets for his translation of The Complete Poetry of CÃ©sar Vallejo

Louise GlÃ¼ck receives the Wallace Stevens Award for mastery in the art of poetry

Edith Grossman receives a Guggenheim Fellowship and is elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Marilyn Hacker elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Juan Felipe Herrera's Half of the World in Light: New and Selected Poems receives the PEN/Beyond Margins Award

Bob Hicok's This Clumsy Living (2007) wins the Bobbitt Prize from the Library of Congress

Edward Hirsch elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets

Brigit Pegeen Kelly is the recipient of the Academy of American Poets Fellowship

Jericho Brown's first collection Please wins the American Book Award

The Shadow of Sirius by W.S. Merwin wins the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Hans Magnus Enzensberger wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Lifetime Recognition Award)

A.F. Moritz wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Canadian) for The Sentinel

C. D. Wright wins the Griffin Trust Prize (International) for Rising, Falling, Hovering

Philip Gross wins the T. S. Eliot Prize (Poetry Book Society) for The Water Table

Mark Strand wins American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (Poetry)

Alice Major wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for The Office Tower Tales

James Kirkup (May 10; UK); Robin Blaser (May 7; Canadian), at 83; Maurice Lindsay (Scottish), at 90; Ursula Askham Fanthorpe (April 28; US); Bub Bridger (New Zealand); Michael Ogilvie (Mick) Imlah (Jan. 12; UK); Ivan van Sertima (May 25; Guyana); Wayne Brown (Trinidad); Alistair Te Ariki Campbell (New Zealand)

Cilla McQueen, from Bluff, became the poet laureate of New Zealand (National Library of New Zealand; July 22)

Pierre DesRuisseaux, appointed Canada's Parliamentary Poet Laureate (April)

Elizabeth Alexander read her poem, "Praise Song for the Day," at the ceremony for the inauguration of President Barack Obama (Jan. 20)

Dore Kiesselbach won the Bridport Prize (Dorset; poetry) with "Non-invasive"

David Zieroth wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with The Fly in Autumn

A bronze plaque was unveiled on the wall of the Tennent's brewery in Dennistoun, Glasgow, the site of the former home of William Miller, who wrote "Wee Willie Winkie."

Don Paterson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Rain; Emma Jones wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for The Striped World; and Robin Robertson wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "At Roane Head"

Jericho Brown is the recipient of a Bunting Fellowship from the Radcliffe Institute at Harvard University and a Whiting Writer's Award (2009-10)

Julie Carr's 100 Notes on Violence selected for the Sawtooth Poetry Prize

Michael Dickman is awarded the Hodder Fellowship from Princeton University for (2009-10)

Carol Ann Duffy appointed as Britain's Poet Laureate (May 1), becoming the first woman to hold the position in its more than 300 year history

Linda Gregg's All of It Singing (2008) wins the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize and the Poetry Society of Americaâs William Carlos Williams Award

Daniel Halpern awarded the first Editorâs Award from Poets and Writers

Fanny Howe receives the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize

Versed by Rae Armantrout wins the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry

Adrienne Rich wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Lifetime Recognition Award)

Karen Solie wins the Griffin Trust Prize (Canadian) for Pigeon

Kay Ryan serves as U.S. Poet Laureate (Library of Congress) 2008-10; W. S. Merwin serves as U.S. Poet Laureate (Library of Congress) 2010-

Karen Solie wins the Pat Lowther Memorial Award (League of Canadian Poets) for Pigeon

P.K. Page (Jan. 14), at 93 (Canadian); Ai (March 19) (Academy of American Poets Web site; US); Edwin Morgan (August 19), Scottish; William A. Bauer (June 12); Lucille Clifton (Feb. 13; US), at 73, David Rowbotham (Australia; Oct. 6); Peter Porter (Australia; April 23); Randolph Stow (Australia; May 29); Graham Fredriksen (Australia)

Richard Greene wins the Governor General's Award for Poetry (Canada) with Boxing the Compass

Seamus Heaney wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Collection) for Human Chain; Hilary Menos wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best First Collection) for Berg; and Julia Copus wins the Forward Poetry Prize (Best Single Poem) for "An Easy Passage"

Carl Adamshick's debut collection selected for the 2010 Walt Whitman Award

Rae Armantrout's Versed wins the Pulitzer Prize

Julie Carr's Sarah - of Fragments and Lines is a National Poetry Series winner

Tina Chang elected Brooklyn Poet Laureate

Michael Dickman receives the James Laughlin Award

Terrance Hayes' Lighthead wins the National Book Award for Poetry