John Henry Newman converted from the Church of England to Roman Catholicism in 1845 and was ordained in Rome the next year. His Apologia pro Vita Sua (1864), The Grammar of Assent (1870), and The Idea of a University (1873) are important treatises in nineteenth-century English thought. Besides his religious poetry, Newman also published two novels, Loss and Gain (1848) and Callista (1856). He was named Cardinal in 1879 and declared Venerable in 1991 by Pope John Paul II.

• Ker, Ian. John Henry Newman: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988.
• Ker, Ian. "Newman, John Henry (1801-1890)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004.
• Newman, John Henry. Works. 36 vols. London: Longmans, Green, 1868–81.