School-teacher

• Baym, Nina. "Sigourney, Lydia." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, 2000.

• Duprey, Richard. "Wilson (Pugsley) MacDonald." Canadian Writers, 1890-1920. Ed. W. H. New. Detroit: Gale, 1990.
• MacDonald, Wilson. Armand Dussault, and Other Poems. Toronto: Macmillan, 1946. PURDY M 24 University College
• --. Caw-caw Ballads. Montclair, N.J.: Pine Tree, 1930. PS8524 .D65 C3 Robarts
• --. Comber Cove. Toronto: S. J. Reginald Saunders, 1937. PR6025 .A222 C6 1937 Victoria Canadiana
• --. Galilee. Toronto: W. MacDonald, 193?. PR6025 .A222 G3 Victoria Canadiana
• --. A Flagon of Beauty. Toronto: Pine Tree, 1931. PS 8524 D65F5 1931 Robarts
• --. The Miracle Songs of Jesus. Toronto: W. MacDonald, November 1921. PS8524 .D65 M5 1921 Robarts; Internet Archive
• --. Old loves are best: an Indian love ballade / words and music by Wilson MacDonald. Toronto: W. MacDonald, 1907. musi pam 150 Music Library
• --. Out of the Wilderness. Ottawa: Graphic Publisher, 1926. PS8524 .D65 O8 Robarts
• --. Paul Marchand, and Other Poems. Toronto: Pine Tree. 1933. Signed RPO
• --. Quintrains of "Callender" and Other Poems. Toronto: S. J. Reginald, 1935. PS 8524 D65Q8 1935
• --. Song of the Prairie Land and Other Poems. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1918. Internet Archive
• --. The Song of the Undertow and Other Poems. Toronto: S. J. Reginald Saunders, 1935. PS 8524 D65575 Robarts Library

British-born novelist, children's playwright, and poet, educated in Point Levy, Quebec, and Sarnia, Ontario, where she and her sisters operated a school for ladies, Walker published poetry widely in newspapers on both sides of the border before collecting them in Leaves from the Backwoods in 1861-62. She returned to England to work for her cousin, Margaret Oliphant, a well-known novelist, and edited her Autobiography and Letters in 1899 (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1974; PR 5114 A3 Robarts Library), this time under her married name, Mrs. Harry Coghill. She collected her poetic output in Oak and Maple: English and Canadian Verses (London: Kegan Paul, 1890; CIHM microfiche 696 Robarts Library).

• McMullen, Lorraine. "WALKER, ANNA LOUISA (Coghill)." Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online University of Toronto / Université Laval, 2000.

Lizelia Augusta Jenkins Moorer taught at the Normal School, Chaflin College, Orangeburg, South Carolina, in 1895-96, and in 1897-98 and 1898-99 was an instructor in the second-grade Grammar School there. (I am grateful to Marilyn G. Pringle, Library Director at Chaflin, for undertaking the archival work that for the first time provides information on Moorer's life.)

• Moorer, Lizelia Augusta Jenkins. Prejudice Unveiled: and other Poems. Boston: Roxburgh Publishing Company, 1907.

Marianne Moore was born November 15, 1887, in Kirkwood, Missouri, raised largely by her mother, a schoolteacher at the Metzger Institute in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Marianne Moore entered Bryn Mawr in 1905. After graduation in 1909, she learned shorthand and typewriting at Carlisle Commercial College and joined the work force and by 1911 was teaching business at the United States Indian School in Carlisle. Moore moved with her mother to Greenwich Village in New York (St. Luke's Place) in 1914 and began to publish poetry, to which craft she had been devoted since childhood, in Harriet Monroe's Poetry (Chicago), The Egoist (London), Others (New York), and The Dial. Her first book was issued by the Egoist Press without her knowledge in 1921, but Observations, which was fully hers, came out with her notes in 1924. It won The Dial award. Moore and her mother moved in 1929 to 260 Cumberland Street, Brooklyn, where she stayed until 1966, in which year she returned to Greenwich Village. Her subsequent books of poetry included Selected Poems, introduced by T. S. Eliot (1935), The Pangolin and Other Verse (1936), What Are Years (1941), Nevertheless (1944), Collected Poems (1951), which she dedicated to her late mother, Like a Bulwark (1956), O To Be a Dragon (1959), The Arctic Ox (1964), Tell Me, Tell Me (1966), and Complete Poems (1967). Moore had also translated La Fontaine's Fables (1954). She received many honours during her lifetime: election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Bollingen Prize, a National Book Award, a Pulitzer Prize, and the Gold Medal for Poetry from the National Institute. She died on February 5, 1972, 84 years old. Moore's manuscripts are at the Philip H. and A. S. W. Rosenbach Foundation in Philadelphia. See also

• Abbott, Craig S., Marianne Moore: A Descriptive Bibliography (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977; Z 8592.65 A23).
• Abbott, Craig S., Marianne Moore, a Reference Guide (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1978; Z 8592.65 A24 Robarts Library)
• Marianne Moore, Woman and Poet, ed. Patricia C. Willis (Orono, Maine: National Poetry Foundation, 1990; PS 3525 O5616 Z6968 Robarts Library)
• Molesworth, Charles, Marianne Moore: A Literary Life (New York: Atheneum, 1990; PS 3525 O5616 Z697 Robarts Library)

David Herbert Lawrence was born on September 11, 1885, in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, to a coal-mining father he could sometimes despise and a mother whom he revered. Later Lawrence wrote about his life with them in Sons and Lovers. After his education, he taught at Eastwood School, and then in Ilkeston, Derbyshire, before obtaining a teaching certificate from Nottingham University College in 1908. He then became junior assistant master at Davidson Road School in Croydon until 1911, when he renounced teaching and determined to live as a writer. Capable of great and stormy loves, especially for his mother and his wife, his works focused candidly on sexual relationships. After breaking up with a succession of women, Jessie Chambers (Miriam in Sons and Lovers), Helen Corke, and his fiancee Louie Burrows, he eloped with a married woman, Frieda von Richthofen Weekley in 1912. They lived an itinerant life for the next eighteen years, visiting for a time Australia, Ceylon, Italy, Mexico, New Mexico (where he was eventually cremated and buried), and Sicily. They married July 13, 1914, and at his death she nursed him. Lawrence is best known as a novelist for works such as The White Peacock (1911), Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (1915), Women in Love (1920), The Lost Girl (1920), Aaron's Rod (1922), Kangaroo (1923), The Plumed Serpent (1926), Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), and The Virgin and the Gypsy (1930). He also published volumes of short stories, plays, travel stretches, and critical books such as Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious (1921), Studies in Classic American Literature (1923), and Pornography and Obscenity (1929). His paintings were exhibited in London in 1929. After many years fighting tuberculosis, Lawrence died on March 2, 1930, in Vence, France. Lawrence's novels, or his short stories, or even his 5,000 letters would have been enough, individually, to establish him as a great twentieth-century writer, but he also wrote astonishing poetry. It was a passion that charted his life. His complete verse, superbly edited by Vivian de Sola Pinto and F. Warren Roberts, offers nearly 1,100 poems. Works like "Piano," the Tortoise poems, "Snake," "The Ship of Death," and "Wages" deserve the widest possible readership. Lawrence's published books of poetry are

• Love Poems and Others. London: Duckworth, 1913. LE L4195kq Fisher Library
• Amores. London: Duckworth, 1916. PR 6023 A93A7 Robarts Library
• Look! We Have Come Through! London: Chatto & Windus, 1917. PR 6023 A93L6 Robarts Library
• New Poems. London: Martin Secker, 1918. Pr 6023 A93N4 Robarts Library
• Bay. Westminster: Cyril W. Beaumont, 1919. dun L397 B39 1919 Fisher Library
• Tortoises. New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1921. PR 6023 A93 T6 1921 Robarts Library
• Birds, Beasts, and Flowers. New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1923. PR 6023 A93B5 1923 Robarts Library
• The Augustan Books of English Poetry. Second Series, Number Twenty-two. D. H. Lawrence. London: Ernest Benn, 1928. dun pam L397 A155 1934a Fisher Library
• The Collected Poems of D. H. Lawrence, 2 vols. London: Martin Secker, 1928. PR 6023 A93A17 1929 Robarts Library.
• Pansies: Poems. London: Martin Secker, 1929. PR 6023 A93P3 Robarts Library
• Nettles. London: Faber & Faber, 1930. dun L397 N48 1930a Fisher Library
• Last Poems. Ed. Richard Aldington and Giuseppe Orioli. Florence: G. Orioli, 1932. PR 6023 A93A17 Robarts Library
• Fire and Other Poems. Foreword by Robinson Jeffers, note by Frieda Lawrence. [San Francisco:] Grabhorn Press for the Book Club of California, 1940. dun L397 F572 1940 Fisher Library.
• The Complete Poems. Ed. Vivian de Sola Pinto and Warren Roberts. 1964: Penguin, 1993. PR 6023 A93A17 1964 Robarts Library

Essential books on Lawrence and his poetry include

• Ellis, David. D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game 1922-1930. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. PR 6023 A93 Z62617 Robarts Library
• Gilbert, Sandra M. Arts of Attention: The Poems of D. H. Lawrence. 2nd edn. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990. PR 6023 A93 Z62944 1990 Robarts Library.
• Kinkead-Weekes, Mark. D. H. Lawrence: Triumph to Exile 1912-1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. PR 6023 A93Z6379 Robarts Library.
• The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Ed. James T. Boulton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979-. 7 vols. dun l397 a17 1979s Fisher Library
• Moore, Harry Thornton. The Priest of Love: A Life of D. H. Lawrence. Rev. edn. New York: Ferrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1974. PR 6023 A93Z688 Robarts Library
• Roberts, Warren. A Bibliography of D. H. Lawrence. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.Z 8490.5 R63 1982 Robarts Library

Edith L. M. King was born at Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa, became a student in England, and afterwards taught at Eunice High School, Bloemfontein, where she was headmistress at her retirement in 1922. King spent five years studying art in Paris and exhibited her art with the Everard Group (her older sister was Ruth Everard) and elsewhere. (Thanks to André le Roux, Reference section, National Library of South Africa, Cape Town, for assistance.) Her children's rhymes have a deceptive simplicity. They are all written from a child's perspective, in a child's voice, but any adult reader will soon find that many of these little pieces highlight the child's innocence and unknowing poignantly against the backdrop of a very dark world.

• Adey, David. Companion to South African English literature. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ad. Donker, 1986. PR 9350 .2 C66 1986
• King, Edith L. M. Country Rhymes for Children (Oxford: B. H. Blackwell, 1909). 011650.e.42 British Library
• --. Fifty Country Rhymes for Children (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1926). 011645.g.117 British Library
• --. Forms and Fancies. 1926.
• --. Veld Rhymes for Children with Twenty-six Airs (London: Longmans, Green, 1911). 11647.f.46 British Library
• --, and Mary Littlewood. Bloemfontein: An Impression in Verse. 1919.

Poet and literary journalist, Joyce Kilmer was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, attended Rutgers and obtained his A.B. degree from Columbia University in 1908, and married Aline Murray the same year. They had four children, and during this time Kilmer became a Roman Catholic. By 1913, he was working on the Sunday magazine and book-review sections of the New York Times, but his first book of poems, Trees and Other Poems (1914), quickly established his reputation as a popular religious poet. He enlisted in the New York National Guard and died in the 165th Regiment of the Rainbow Division at the second Battle of the Marne on July 30, 1918. He received a posthumous Croix de Guerre and was buried in France. In that year Robert Cortes Holliday brought out a memoir with Kilmer's poems (reprinted in 1968 by Kennikat Press), but a fuller life appears in the autobiography of his mother, Annie Kilburn Kilmer, Leaves from My Life (New York: Frye, 1925; PS 3521 I38Z65 Robarts Library). Miriam A. Kilmer, the poet's granddaughter and child of his son Kenton, edits most of Joyce's poems on an attractive, informative Web site at www.risingdove.com/risingdove/literaturesite.asp. I am grateful to Miriam Kilmer for a correction to the RPO Kilmer selection.

Sarah Josepha Buell was born October 24, 1788, in Newport, New Hampshire. Self-educated, at 18 she became a schoolteacher in Newport and worked there until 1813, when she married David Hale, a lawyer. At his death nine years later, she was a 34-year-old pregnant mother of four who nonetheless rose to become one of America's most successful women writers. In 1828 she became editor of the Ladies' Magazine, and later as literary editor of its heir, Godey's Lady's Book, the dominant woman's magazine of her time. There she published the work of many American women authors, particularly Lydia M. Child and Lydia H. Sigourney. Many worthy causes earned her loyal support. She founded and presided over the Seamen's Aid Society, and America owes to her campaign its national holiday of Thanksgiving, the final Thursday of November. In 1830 the American composer Lowell Mason, who introduced music into the curriculum of American schools, asked her to write lyrics for him. He chose eight poems in her Poems for our Children and popularized them in his Juvenile Lyre (1830). Three of these, "Mary's Lamb," "Prayer," and "Birds" were for decades published without credit in McGuffey's readers, the most important American school book of the century. Hale's volumes of verse and her well-known anthologies of others' poems are

• The Genius of Oblivion; and Other Original Poems (Concord, N.H.: Jacob A. Moore, 1823).
• Poems for Our Children Designed for Families, Sabbath Schools, and Infant Schools (Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, 1830).
• Flora's Interpreter: or, The American Book of Flowers and Sentiments, ed. Sarah Josepha Hale (Boston: Marsh, Capen and Lyon, 1830), with later editions in 1849, 1856, and 1860.
• The School Song Book, ed. Sarah Josepha Hale and Lowell Mason (1834), with another edition in 1841.
• The Ladies' Wreath; a Selection from the Female Poetic Writers of England and America, ed. Sarah Josepha Hale (Boston: Marsh, Capen and Lyon, 1837), revised edition (1839).
• Alice Ray: A Romance in Rhyme (Philadelphia: A. Scott, 1845).
• Three Hours; or, The Vigil of Love: and Other Poems (Philadelphia: Carey & Hart, 1848).
• The Poets' Offering: For 1850, ed. Sarah Josepha Hale (Philadelphia: Grigg, Elliot, 1850), reprinted as A Complete Dictionary of Poetical Quotations (1850) and The Poets' Offering: For 1851 (1851). PN 6082 H34 1852 Robarts Library
• Love; or, Woman's Destiny. A Poem in Two Parts: With Other Poems (Philadelphia: Duffield Ashmead, 1870).

She was living in Philadelphia by 1841 and completed there her greatest work, the 36-volume Woman's Record: or, Sketches of Distinguished Women (1853-76). She died April 30, 1879, two years after she retired from Godey's Lady's Book. For biographies of Hale, see

• Fryatt, Norma R. Sarah Josepha Hale: The Life and Times of a Nineteenth Century Career Woman (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1975).
• Finley, Ruth Ebright. The Ldy of Godey's: Sarah Josepha Hale (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1931). PN 4874 H22R6 1985 Robarts Library