Physician

• Canada, Mark. "English, Thomas Dunn."American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies, 2000.

• Barr, Debra, and Walter Meyer zu Erpen. "Albert Durrant Watson," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XV. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. 1058-59.
• Watson, Albert Durrant. Dream of God: A Poem. Toronto: Banner Press, 1922.
• --. Heart of the Hills. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild, and Stewart, 1917. Internet Archive.
• --. Love and the Universe: The Immortals, and Other Poems. Toronto: Macmillan, 1913. PR9199.3 .W37 L6 Victoria Canadiana
• --. Poetical Works. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1924. PS8545 .A83 A17 1924
• --. The Wing of the Wild Bird and Other Poems. Toronto: William Briggs, 1908. Internet Archive.
• --. Woman: a Poem. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1923.

• Bailey, Alfred G. "Odell, Jonathan." Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Sargent, Winthrop, ed. The Loyal Verses of Joseph Stansbury and Doctor Jonathan Odell. Albany: J. Munsell, 1860. Internet Archive

• Edwards, Owen Dudley. “Doyle, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan (1859-1930).” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004.

• Guruswamy, Rosemay Fithian. The Poems of Edward Taylor: a reference guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.
• Hammond, Jeffrey A. American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Taylor, Edward. The Poetical Works of Edward Taylor. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
• --. Edward Taylor's Gods determinations and Prepatory Meditations: a critical edition. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2003.
• --. The Poems of Edward Taylor. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
• --. Early New England Meditative Poetry: Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor. New York: Paulist Press, 1988.
• Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 1-2: To 1940. American Council of Learned Societies, 1944-1958.

Robert Bridges was born October 23, 1844, in Walmer, Kent. Educated at Eton College from 1854 to 1863, at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, from 1863 to 1867, where he took a B.A., and finally at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, where he completed his M.B. in 1874. He served as a physician successively in London at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children on Great Ormond Street, and at the Great Northern Hospital, Holloway, before retiring from his medical practice in 1882 to live at Yattendon. Two years later, on September 3, 1884, he married Monica Waterhouse. They had three children, Elizabeth, Margaret, and Edward. Before retirement he had published four books of verse, but afterwards his writing took up much more of his energy. In 1893 he published a study of Milton's prosody. By 1905 a collection of his poetry and verse plays occupied six volumes. He edited the works of poets such as Mary Coleridge and Digby Mackworth Dolben, but he also befriended one of the greatest Victorian poets, then utterly known, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and after his death, edited and published his collected poems in 1918. This act od dedicated friendship alone puts modern English poetry in debt to Bridges. Oxford University awarded him a D. Litt. in 1912, and a year later he became Poet Laureate and co-founded, with Henry Bradley and Walter Raleigh, the Society for Pure English. Bridges experimented with quantitative hexameters and unrhyming verse late in his life, when he lived near Oxford. His The Testament of Beauty (1929), in four cantos, is the pre-eminent long philosophical poem in English before T. S. Eliot's The Four Quartets. Bridges died on April 21, 1930, in Chilswell, Oxford. Here are Bridges' principal books of poetry:

• Bridges, Robert. Poems. London: Pickering, 1873. end .B753 A155 Fisher Rare Books Library
• --. The Growth of Love. London: Bumpus, 1876. Revised edn. Oxford: Daniel, 1889. end .B753 G76 1890 Fisher Rare Books Library
• --. Eros & Psyche. London: Bell, 1885. PR4161 .B6 N38 Robarts Library. Revised edn. 1894. end .B753 E76 1894 Fisher Rare Books Library
• --. The Shorter Poems. London: Bell, 1890-94.
• --. Shorter Poems Book V. Oxford: H. Daniel, 1893.
• --. Poetical Works. 6 vols. London: Smith, Elder, 1898-1905.
• --. Poetical Works. London: Oxford University Press, 1912.
• --. October and Other Poems, with Occasional Verses on the War. London: Heinemann, 1920. PR4161 .B6 O38 Robarts Library
• --. New Verse: Explanations of the Prosody of My Late Syllabic Free Verse. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925. end .B753 N48 1925 Fisher Rare Books Library
• --. The Tapestry. London, 1925.
• --. The Testament of Beauty. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929. PR 4161 .B6T4 Robarts Library

For more about Bridges' works and life, see

• Hamilton, Lee Tamplin. Robert Bridges: An Annotated Bibliography, 1873-1988. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1991. Z 8119.2 .H36 Robarts Library
• Phillips, Catherine. Robert Bridges: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. PR 4161 .B6Z82 Robarts Library
• --. “Bridges, Robert Seymour (1844-1930).” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004.

Gilbert E. Brooke was born March 28, 1873, at Hyères, France, and educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath (1884-88), Pensionnat Georgens, Ouchy, Switzerland (1889-90), Pembroke College, Cambridge (B.A. 1894; M.A., 1901), London Hospital (1894-96; L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.), and Edinburgh (1897; D.P.H. 1902). After signing on as a ship's surgeon, Brooke became Government medical officer in the Turks and Caicos Islands in Sept. 1897. He and Alice Marie Swabey had married on Oct. 6, 1897, at Widcombe Old Church, Bath. His local responsibilities expanded there in 1899 to be J.P. for Turks Islands, District Commissioner, and Police Magistrate and Coroner, and in 1900 to be Receiver of Wreck, Caicos Islands, and Marriage Officer. He went on leave 1901-02 for further study at Edinburgh and afterwards emigrated to Singapore. He became Port Health Officer there in Jan. 1902 and set down roots. By 1905 he was a Lecturer in Hygiene, Singapore Medical School, and his career advanced as he became Deputy Coroner, Singapore (1906), and then J.P. for Singapore (1908). Brooke published two textbooks in tropical medicine this year and the next. These credentials helped him to rise to Acting Government Veterinary Surgeon (1911-12) and Chief Health Officer, Singapore (Jan. 1914). Brooke's broad interests extended to verse and local history. The prefatory note to Oddments, dated July 1922, explains that his poems has been printed before in the Royal Standard, Turks and Caicos Islands, W.I., the Singapore Free Press, the Sydney Daily Telegraph, the Bath and Wilts Chronicle, the Bath Chronicle, the Straits Times (of Singapore), the Malayan Review, and elsewhere. His service in the Turks and Caicos Islands and Singapore earned him a fellowship with the Royal Geographical Society. He and his wife Alice had five children.

• Brooke, Gilbert Edward. Aids to Tropical Medicine (London: Baillière, 1908. Also 1915, 1927. Revised J. C. Broom, 1942.
• --. Brooke of Horton in the Cotswolds with Notes on some other Brooke Families. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House, 1918. 9907.ee.9 British Library
• --. Essentials of Sanitary Science. London: H. Kimpton, 1909. RA 425 .B66 Gerstein Library
• --. Marine Hygiene and Sanitation. London: Baillière, 1920.
• --. Medico-Tropical Practice: A Handbook for Medical Practioners and Students. 2nd edn. 1908: London: C. Griffin, 1920. 7307.a.10 [signed at Bath, Dec. 1919] British Library
• --. Oddments: Being Extracts from a Scrap-book. Singapore: Kelly and Walsh, 1922. British Library 012273.aaa.73
• Makepeace, Walter, Gilbert E. Brooke and Roland St. J. Braddell, eds. One Hundred Years of Singapore. 2 vols. London: Murray, 1921. DS 610.5 .O54 1921 Robarts Library

William Carlos Williams served as a physician in his home town of Rutherford, New Jersey, from 1910 to 1951, and in hours after work wrote fiction, poetry, plays, and criticism. He was born on September 17, 1883, in Rutherford, educated at Horace Mann School in New York, and from 1902 until 1906 studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he met Ezra Pound and Hilda Doolittle. He interned at the French Hospital and Nursery and Child's Hospital until 1909, and the next year, after studying briefly in Leipzig, touring Europe, and visiting his old friend Pound in London, set up his private medical practice in Rutherford. In 1912 Williams married Florence (Flossie) Herman, who gave birth to their two sons, William Eric in 1914, and Paul in 1916. Over the next seven years, despite the demands of his medical practice and a young family, Williams published four books of verse, Al Que Quiere! (1917), Kora in Hell (1920), Sour Grapes (1921), and Spring and All (1921), that clearly established him as America's foremost modernist poet. Because his poetry was not received warmly at first, he shifted into fiction and plays, but the major work of his life proved to be Paterson, an epic poem published in five volumes from 1946 to 1958. In 1926 he had won an award from The Dial for a poem titled "Paterson," and the theme stuck. Recognition came slowly. The University of Washington at Seattle invited him to be visiting professor of English in 1948, but his 1949 appointment as consultant of poetry at Library of Congress was withdrawn after an investigation into his associations with Ezra Pound, although the appointment was renewed in 1952. In 1950 Williams was elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and in 1953 shared the Bollingen Award with Archibald MacLeish. All his life, from his early editing of Contact in 1923, Williams befriended younger poets. The letters to many, such as Denise Levertov, have survived. On March 4, 1963, Williams died in his sleep after years of illness, especially strokes in 1951-52, 1958, and 1961. He was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Gold Medal for Poetry of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. His volumes of poetry are as follows:

• Williams, William C. Poems (privately printed, 1909)
• Williams, William Carlos. The Tempers (London: Elkin Mathews, 1913).
• --. A Book of Poems: Al Que Quiere! (Boston: The Four Seas Company, 1917). York University Library Special Collections 5773
• --. Sour Grapes: A Book of Poems (Boston: The Four Seas Company, 1921). York University Library Special Collections 4748
• --. Spring and All (1923: New York: Frontier Press, 1970). PS 3545 .I544S7 1970 Victoria College Library
• --. The Cod Head ( Harvest Press, 1932).
• --. An Early Martyr and Other Poems (New York: Alcestis Press, 1935).
• Adam & Eve & the City (Peru, Vermont: Alcestis Press, 1936).
• Complete Collected Poems (Norfolk, Conn.: New Directions, 1938) PS 3545 I544 A17 1938 York University Library
• The Broken Span (Norfolk, Conn.: New Directions, 1941). York University Library Special Collections 4737
• The Wedge (Cummington, Mass.: Cummington Press, 1944).
• Paterson (New York: J. Laughlin, 1963). 5 vols., published separately 1946-58. 811.5 W728pa Trinity College Library
• --. The Clouds (Wells College Press and Cummington Press, 1948)
• --. The Pink Church (Golden Goose Press, 1949). York University Library Special Collections 5832
• The Desert Music, and Other Poems (New York: Random House, 1954). PS 3545 I544D4 Robarts Library
• Journey to Love (New York: Random House, 1955). PS 3545 I544J6 Robarts Library
• --. "The Lost Poems of William Carlos Williams," ed. John C. Thirlwall, in New Directions 16 (1957).
• Pictures from Bruegel, and Other Poems (New York: for J. Laughlin by New Directions, 1962). PS 3545 .I544P45 Trinity College Library

See also

• The Autobiography of William Carlos Williams (New York: New Directions, 1967). PS 3545 I544Z52 1967B Robarts Library
• The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams: Volume I, 1909-1939, ed. A. Walton Litz and Christopher MacGowan (New York: New Directions, 1986). PS 3545 I544A17 Robarts Library
• I Wanted to Write a Poem: the Autobiography of the Works of a Poet, ed. Edith Heal (London: Cape, 1967). PS 3545 I544Z52 1967 Robarts Library
• The Letters of Denise Levertov and William Carlos Williams, ed. Christopher MacGowan (New York: New Directions, 1998). PS 3562 .E8876Z49 Robarts Library
• Mariani, Paul. William Carlos Williams: A New World Naked (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981). PS 3545 I544 Z6534 Erindale College Library
• Something to Say: William Carlos Williams on Younger Poets, ed. James E.B. Breslin (New York: New Directions, 1985.). PS 324 W47 1985 Robarts Library
• Wagner, Linda Welshimer. William Carlos Williams: A Reference Guide (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1978). Z 8976 .44 W27 Robarts Library
• --. "Williams, William Carlos." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Wallace, Emily Mitchell. A Bibliography of William Carlos Williams (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1968). Z 8976 .44 W3 Robarts Library
• William Carlos Williams reads his poetry (Caedmon TC 1047, 1958). PS 3014 Erindale College Library AUDIOCASS

The poems by Vaughan printed here are from Silex Scintillans ("Sparkling Flint") 1655, but all except "The Star," "They are all gone into the world of Light," and "The Water-Fall" were first published in a 1650 edition of Silex Scintillans to which a second part was added in 1655.

• Rudrum, Alan. "Vaughan, Henry (1621–1695)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP, 2004.