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• Melnick, R. The Life and Work of Ludwig Lewisohn. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1998.

• Wright, Thomas. The Life of John Payne. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1919. Internet Archive  

• Willoughby, L. A. "Jethro Bithell: A Biographical Note." German Life and Letters 11.4 (July 1958): 253-56.

• Robertson, James. Arachnia, Occasional Verses. Ed. A. J. Robertson. London: Macmillan, 1904.
• --. Sermon Preached in Haileybury College Chapel March 25th, 1888. Hertford: S. Austin & Sons, 1888.

• Taylor, Richard. Frank Pearce Sturm: His Life, Letters and Collected Work. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969. PR6037 .T94 1969 UTL at Downsview
• Sturm, Frank Pearce. An Hour of Reverie. London: E. Mathews, 1905.

• Goodheart, Lawrence B. "Wright, Elizur." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Victor Hugo (1802-1885) in his writing reflects many of the literary tendencies of the century which his life almost spanned.

François Tristan l'Hermite (1601-1655) led an adventurous and nomadic life, part of which he describes in Le Page disgracié. He travelled in England, Norway, and Flanders, as well as France. In addition to eight plays, Tristan wrote a great deal of lyric poetry, some heroic verses, and a collection of religious devotions, L'Office de la Sainte Vierge.

Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) started out as a painter, but he soon turned to literature. He gained a livelihood as a journalist and critic, writing poetry and novels in his spare time. Gautier excels in descriptions, and one can see in them the influence of his early interest and training in the plastic arts.