Essayist

• Deese, Helen R. " Very, Jones." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies, 2000.

• Dutton, Paul. Oralizations, Ambiances Magnétiques, 2005. [recording] CD 54055 Music Library
• --. Several Women Dancing. Toronto: Mercury Press, 2002. [novel]
• --. Mouth Pieces OHM Éditions, 2000. [recording]
• --. Partial Additives. Toronto: Underwhich Editions; London, England: Writers Forum, 1994.
• --. The Plastic Typewriter. Toronto: Underwhich Editions; London, England: Writers Forum, 1993. canlit pam 00120 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
• --. Visionary Portraits. Toronto: Mercury Press, 1991. PS8557 .U8 V5 1991 Robarts Library
• --. Aurealities Toronto: Coach House Books, 1991.
• --. Blues, Roots, Legends, Shouts & Hollers. Starborne Productions LP, STB-0180, 1980. [recording]
• --. The Book of Numbers. Erin, Ontario: Porcupine's Quill, 1979. canlit 05759 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
• --. Right Hemisphere, Left Ear.Toronto: Coach House Press, 1979. PS8557 .U8 R5 Robarts Library

• Dewey, Anne Day. "Denise Levertov". Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 165: American Poets Since World War II, Fourth Series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Joseph Conte, State University of New York at Buffalo. Gale Research, 1996. pp. 147-164.

• Levertov, Denise. The Double Image. Philadelphia, PA: Cresset, 1946; reprinted Waldron Island, WA: Brooding Heron Press, 1991.
• --. Here and Now. San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 1957.
• --. 5 Poems. San Francisco, CA:White Rabbit Press, 1958.
• --. Overland to the Islands. Highlands, NC: J. Williams, 1958.
• --. With Eyes at the Back of Our Heads. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1959.
• --. The Jacob's Ladder. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1961.
• --. O Taste and SEE: New Poems. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1964.
• --. City Psalm. Kensington, CA: Oyez, 1964.
• --. Psalm concerning the Castle. Mount Horeb, WI: Perishable Press, 1966.
• --. The Sorrow Dance. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1967.
• --. A Tree Telling of Orpheus. Santa Barbara, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1968.
• --. A Marigold from North Vietnam. Everett, WA: Albondocani Press-Ampersand, 1968.
• --. Three Poems. Mount Horeb, WI: Perishable Press, 1968.
• --. The Cold Spring and Other Poems. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1969.
• --. Embroideries. Santa Barbara, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1969.
• --. Relearning the Alphabet. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1970.
• --. Summer Poems 1969. Kensington, CA: Oyez, 1970.
• --. A New Year's Garland for My Students, MIT 1969-1970. Mount Horeb, WI: Perishable Press, 1970.
• --. To Stay Alive. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1971.
• --. Footprints. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1972.
• --. The Freeing of the Dust. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1975.
• --. Chekhov on the West Heath. Revere, PA: Woolmer/Brotherston, 1977.
• --. Life in the Forest. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1978.
• --. Collected Earlier Poems, 1940-1960. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1979.
• --. Pig Dreams: Scenes from the Life of Sylvia. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press, 1981.
• --. Wanderer's Daysong. Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press, 1981
• --. Candles in Babylon. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1982.
• --. Poems, 1960-1967. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1983.
• --. Two Poems. Concord, NH: William B. Ewert, 1983.
• --. Oblique Prayers: New Poems with Fourteen Translations from Jean Joubert. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1984.
• --. El Salvador: Requiem and Invocation. Concord, NH: William B. Ewert, 1984.
• --. The Menaced World. Concord, NH: William B. Ewert, 1984.
• --. Selected Poems. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Bloodaxe Books, 1986.
• --. Breathing the Water. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1987.
• --. Poems, 1968-1972. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1987.
• -- (With Peter Brown). Seasons of Light. Houston, TX: Rice University Press, 1988.
• --. A Door in the Hive. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1989.
• --. Evening Train. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1992.
• --. Sands of the Well. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1996.
• --. Batterers. West Burke, VT: Janus Press, 1996.
• --. The Life around Us: Selected Poems on Nature. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1997.
• --. The Stream and the Sapphire: Selected Poems on Religious Themes. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1997.
• --. This Great Unknowing: Last Poems. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 1999.
• --. Poems: 1972-1982. New York, NY: New Directions Press, 2001.

Gilbert Keith Chesterton was born on 29 May, 1874 at 32 Sheffield Terrace, Campden Hill, London. He was the elder son of Edward Chesterton (an estate agent) and Marie Louise (née Grosjean). As Chesterton would later emphasize in his Autobiography (1936), he had a comfortable upbringing in a middle-class family and a generally happy childhood. Chesterton was somewhat absent-minded in his early years, and was noted to be a slow learner who did not acquire reading skills until he was eight years old. Nevertheless, he eventually became an avid reader, particularly of fairy-tales. Chatterton was also known for his fondness of debating in his youth--he was a dedicated member of of the St. Paul's School debating society. After graduating from St. Paul's School, Chesterton went on to study Latin, English and French at University College, London as well Fine Art at the Slade School of Fine Art, then a part of the college. Not feeling inclined towards academia, Chesterton abandoned post-secondary education in 1895 and worked as a publisher's reader while trying to establish himself as a man of letters. Soon afterward, he began to work as a reviewer and essayist, regularly contributing to the weekly The Speaker and the Daily News. In 1900, Chesterton published two collections of poems, of which "The Donkey" became an instant popular piece. In 1903, Chesterton published a study of Robert Browning, in the prestigious English Men of Letters series, which established him as a notable literary critic. It was during this time that Chesterton also began writing fiction and in 1904, his first novel, The Napoleon of Notting Hill was published. Inspired by Chesterton's pro-Boer stance during the South African War, this fantasy presented serious themes and was well received by reviewers. Four more fantasy novels were published between 1908 and 1914, but it was Chesterton's Father Brown detective stories that found the most success among his audiences. These stories (the first collection, The Innocence of Father Brown, appeared in 1911) follow a Roman Catholic priest whose work as a confessor has granted him excellent powers of observation and insight into the human mind. In later years, Chesterton converted to Roman Catholicism and focused on producing religious writings. At the end of 1918, Chesterton's life was shadowed by the death of his younger brother Cecil. Chesterton vowed to continue his brother's weekly newspaper New Witness (later renamed GK's Weekly) and he did so until his death. During the 1920s he was also active in the distributist movement. Situated between socialism and capitalism, this movement aimed at a middle ground by ensuring the widest possible distribution of property. Chesterton died on 14 June 1936 at his home, Top Meadow, Beaconsfield. Bergonzi, Bernard. “Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1874–1936).” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004.

• Chesterton, G. K. Greybeards at Play: Literature and Art for Old Gentlemen, Rhymes and Sketches. London: Johnson, 1900; Sheed & Ward, 1930.
• --.The Wild Knight and Other Poems. London: Richards, 1900; 4th revised ed. New York, N.Y.: Dutton, 1914.
• --.The Ballad of the White Horse. New York, N.Y.: John Lane, 1911; Ed. by Sister Mary Bernadette, Brother John Totten and Brother George Schuster, ill. by Addison Burbank, Kirkwood, M.O.: Catholic Authors Press, 1950; Ed. by Bernadette Sheridan, ill. by Robert Austin, San Francisco, C.A.: Ignatius Press, 2001.
• --.Poems. New York, N.Y.: John Lane, 1915.
• --.Wine, Water and Song. London: Methuen, 1915, 1945.
• --.A Poem. Privately published, 1915.
• --.Old King Cole. Privately published, 1920.
• --.The Ballad of St. Barbara and Other Verses. London: Palmer, 1922; New York, N.Y.: Putnam, 1923.
• --.Poems. New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead, 1922.
• --.G. K. Chesterton (collected poems). London: E. Benn, 1925; Methuen, 1933.
• --.The Queen of Seven Swords. London: Sheed & Ward, 1926.
• --.The Collected Poems of G. K. Chesterton. London: Palmer, 1927; New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead, 1932; revised ed., London: Methuen, 1933; New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead, 1966, with an introduction by Daniel B. Dodson, 1980.
• --.Gloria in Profundis. London: Faber, 1927.
• --.Ubi Ecclesia. London: Faber, 1929.
• --.Lepanto. New York, N.Y: Federal Advertising Agency, 1929; San Francisco, C.A.: Ignatius Press, 2004.
• --.The Grave of Arthur. London: Faber, 1930.
• --.Graybeards at Play and Other Comic Verse. Ed. by John Sullivan. London: Elek, 1974.

• Gillespie, Alyssa Dinega. "Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996)". Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 285: Russian Writers Since 1980. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Marina Balina and Mark Lipovetsky. Gale Group, 2004. pp. 17-39.

• Brodsky, Joseph. Elegy for John Donne and Other Poems. Selected, translated, and introduced by Nicholas William Bethell. London: Longman, 1967.
• --. Poems. Ann Arbor, M.I.: Ardis, 1972.
• --. Selected Poems. Translated by George L. Kline. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1973.
• --. A Part of Speech. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1980.
• --. Verses on the Winter Campaign 1980. Translated by Alan Myers. London: Anvil Press, 1981.
• --. To Urania: Selected Poems, 1965-1985. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1988.
• --. So Forth: Poems. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1996.
• --. Discovery (children's book). New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999.
• --. Collected Poems in English. Edited by Ann Kjellberg. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000.
• --. Nativity Poems. Translated by Melissa Green. New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2001.

For more poems, see the Academy of America Poets:
        The Watergaw
and The Poetry Foundation:
       from A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle
       Gairmscoile
       My Heart Always Goes Back to the North
       Of Life and Death
       On a Raised Beach
       Speech, My Beloved
       Stony Limits
       The Eemis Stane
       The Little White Rose
       The Sauchs in the Reuch Heuch Hauch
       The Watergaw
       from Water Music

Christopher Murray Grieve (Pseud. Hugh MacDiarmid) was born in Langholm, Scotland, the elder of two sons of James Grieve (a postman) and Elizabeth Graham. The young Grieve grew up speaking broad Scots and proudly associated with the mill and agricultural workers of his family. Grieve attended Broughton Higher Grade School and Junior Student Centre in Edinburgh, during which time he grew increasingly political and joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). After leaving school, Grieve turned to freelance journalism until the outbreak of World War I, when he enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) at Sheffield in July 1915. He was eventually promoted to sergeant and posted with the forty-second general hospital to Salonika, Greece. While serving at the eastern front from August 1916 to May 1918, Grieve was busy exploring both his growing Scottish identity as well as his own state of mind in a series of fictionalized 'psychological studies'; the product of the latter was Annals of Five Senses (1923), a collection of poetry and prose works in English. After the war, Grieve returned to journalism and also began to edit anthologies of Scottish verse (three volumes of Northern Numbers between 1920 and 1922). At this time Grieve grew increasingly determined to make his mark on Scottish literature. In 1922, he founded a series of periodicals; although these were short-lived, these periodicals established the definition of a literary and cultural 'renaissance' in Scotland. Grieve then began to use Scots in his writing, which culminated in his best known work, A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle (1926). During this time, Grieve was becoming a controversial public speaker due to his outspoken attacks on the English influence and Scottish complacency. Nevertheless, Grieve did not view the the English language as being in opposition to Scots. Rather, he argued in favour of cultural and linguistic variety and for the representation of hitherto neglected regions and social classes of the British Isles. He was also gradually becoming more involved in politics and in 1928, he helped found the National Party of Scotland. During the 1930s, Grieve explored new themes in his verse, including a new commitment to socialism; he left the National party in 1933 and joined the Communist Party, only to be expelled four years later for his nationalism. Beginning in 1936, Grieve embarked on a massive literary project entitled Cornish Heroic Song for Valda Trevlyn. Unlike the more lyrical and personal poetry of the past, Grieve was now writing a kind of extended 'epic' that was less accessible to the average reader. Although the work was never completed, the sections entitled In Memoriam James Joyce (1955) and The Kind of Poetry I Want (1961) were published as separate volumes. Too old to partake in combat during World War II, Grieve was called up for industrial work in Glasgow. The long hours and physical strain proved too much for Grieve and he was transferred to the merchant navy in 1944 where he served as a deckhand. After the end of the war, Grieve returned to journalism and to writing poetry. As a result of his growing interest in linguistics, the poet began to increasingly turn to English as a means of expression for his later poetry. During the 1950s and 1960s, Grieve frequently traveled throughout Europe, Asia, and North America for public appearances. He also maintained his political involvement; he stood in the 1950 election in the Glasgow Kelvingrove constituency (as the Scottish National Party candidate) and in 1956 he rejoined the Communist Party. Grieve was later diagnosed with cancer and died on 9 September, 1978.

Watson, Roderick. "Grieve, Christopher Murray [Hugh MacDiarmid] (1892–1978)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004

Grieve, C. M.. Annals of the Five Senses. Montrose, UK: 1923; London: Faber, 1930; new ed. with intro. by Alan Bold. Edinburgh: Alan Bold, 1983; ed. Roderick Watson and Alan Riach. Manchester: carcanet, 1999. PR6013 .R735 A63 1983 Robarts Library.

MacDiarmid, Hugh. Sangschaw. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1925; 2nd ed., 1937.

--. Penny Wheep. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1926; 2nd ed., 1937. MCC .M34 P466 1926 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1926; new edition, ed. by Kenneth Buthlay, Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1987. PR6013 .R735 D7 1987 Robarts Library

--. The Lucky Bag. Edinburgh: Porpoise Press, 1927. PR6013 .R735 L8 University of Toronto Libraries at Downsview

--. To Circumjack Cencrastus; or, The Curly Snake. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1930. PR6013 .R735 T6 University of Toronto Libraries at Downsview

--. First Hymn to Lenin and Other Poems. Into. by AE (George William Russell). London, Unicorn Press, 1931. del .R877 Z5G75 1931 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. Second Hymn to Lenin. Thakeham, UK: Valda Trevlyn, 1932; London: S. Nott, 1935. PR6013 .R735 S4 Robarts Library

--. Scots Unbound and Other Poems. Stirling, UK: E. Mackay, 1932.

--. Tarras. Edinburgh: 1932.

--. Stony Limits and Other Poems. London: Gollancz, 1934.

--. Selected Poems. London: Macmillan, 1934.

--. Direadh. Dunfermline: 1938.

--. Cornish Heroic Song for Valda Trevlyn. Glasgow: Caledonian Press, 1943.

--. Selected Poems. Ed. R. Crombie Saunders. Glasgow: Maclellan, 1945. PR6013 .R735 A6 1944 E. J. Pratt Library at Victoria Univerity

--. Poems of the East-West Synthesis. Glasgow: Caledonian Press, 1946.

--. A Kist of Whistles: New Poems. Glasgow: Maclellan, 1947.

--. Selected Poems. Ed. Oliver Brown. Glasgow: Maclellan, 1954.

--. In Memoriam James Joyce: From a Vision of World Language. Glasgow: Maclellan, 1955. PR6013 .R735 I5 John M. Kelly Library at St. Michael's College

--. Stony Limits and Scots Unbound and Other Poems. Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1956. MCC .M34 S766 1956 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. The Battle Continues. Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1957. PR6013 .R735 B3 John M. Kelly Library at St. Michael's College

--. Three Hymns to Lenin. Edinburgh: Castle Wynd, 1957.

--. The Kind of Poetry I Want. Edinburgh: K. D. Duval, 1961.

--. Collected Poems. New York, N.Y.:Macmillan, 1962; rev. edition prepared by John C. Weston, 1967. PR6013 .R735 A17 1967 Robarts Library

--. Bracken Hills in Autumn. Edinburgh: C. H. Hamilton, 1962.

--. Poems to Paintings by William Johnstone, 1933. Edinburgh: K. D. Duval, 1963. PR6013 .R735 P6 John M. Kelly Library at St. Michael's College

--. An Apprentice Angel. New Poetry Press, 1963.

--. The Ministry of Water. Glasgow: D. Glen, 1964. MCC .M34 M565 1964a Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. Six Vituperative Verses. Satire Press, 1964.

--. The Terrible Crystal [and] A Vision of Scotland. Ayrshire, UK: D. Glen, 1964. PR6013 .R735 T3 John M. Kelly Library at St. Michael's College

--. The Fire of the Spirit. Glasgow: D. Glen, 1965.

--. Whuchulls. Preston, Lancashire, UK: Akros, 1966.

-- (With Norman MacCaig). Poems by Hugh MacDiarmid and Norman MacCaig. Amherst, M.A.: University of Massachusetts, 1967. MCC .M34 A155 1967 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. On a Raised Beach. Harris Press, 1967.

--. Early Lyrics. Ed. J. K. Annand. Preston, Lancashire, UK: Akros, 1968; 2nd ed., 1969. MCC .M34 A155 1968 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. A Lap of Honour. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1967; Athens O.H.; Swallow Press, 1969. PR6013 .R735 L3 E. J. Pratt Library at Victoria University

--. A Clyack-Sheaf. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1969. PR6013 .R735 C5 E. J. Pratt Library at Victoria University

--. More Collected Poems. Athens O.H.; Swallow Press, 1970. PR6013 .R735 A17 1970 E. J. Pratt Library at Victoria University

--. Selected Poems. Ed. David Craig and John Manson. New York, N.Y.: Penguin, 1970.

--. The Hugh MacDiarmid Anthology: Poems in Scots and English. Ed. Michael Grieve and Alexander Scott. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972. MCC .M34 A155 1975 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. Poems. Ed. Alistair Keith Campsie. Ellon, Aberdeenshire, UK: Famedram, 1972.

--. Song of the Seraphion. London: Covent Garden Press, 1973.

--. Selected Lyrics. Ed. Kulgin D. Duval and Colin H. Hamilton. Verona, Italy: Officina Bodoni, 1977. E-10 04203 Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

--. The Socialist Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid. Ed. T. S. Law and Thurso Berwick. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978. PR6013 .R735 S56 Robarts Library

--. Complete Poems (2 vol.). Ed. Michael Grieve and W. R. Aitken. London: Brian & O'Keeffe, 1978; also published as The Complete Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid. New York, N.Y.: Penguin, 1985. PR6013 .R735 A17 1978 Robarts Library

--. Selected Poetry. Ed. Alan Riach and Michael Grieve. Manchester: Carcanet, 1992; New York, N.Y.: New York, 1993.

--. Hugh MacDiarmid and Duncan Glen: A Prospect from Brownsbank. Kirkcaldy, UK: Akros, 1998.

• The Poems of Philip Freneau. Ed. L. Pattee. New York: Russell & Russell, 1963.
• The Final Poems of Philip Freneau (1827-1827). Delmar, NY: Scholars Facsimiles & Reprints, 1979.
• Poems Written Between the Years 1768 & 1794. Delmar, NY: Scholars Facsimiles & Reprints, 1976.
• A Collection of Poems on American Affairs and a Variety of Other Subjects Chiefly Moral and Political (1815). Delmar, NY: Scholars Facsimiles & Reprints, 1976.
• Poems Written During the American Revolutionary War. Delmar, NY: Scholars Facsimiles & Reprints, 1976.
• Poems. ed. H. H. Clark. New York: Hafner Pub. Co., 1960.
• The Last Poems of Philip Freneau. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1945.

• Fairbanks, Henry G. Louise Imogen Guiney. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1973.
• Contemporary Authors Online. Gale Group, 2003.