B.A.

James Joseph was born on Sept. 3, 1814, to Abraham Joseph Sylvester and was a Jew. Educated at the Royal Institution School, Liverpool, he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he earned the coveted Second Wrangler in mathematics in 1837. Unable to swear to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Anglican Church, however, Sylvester was barred from obtaining a degree. Still, he earned the post of Professor of Natural Philosophy at University College, London, on Nov. 25, 1837. Single all his life, and dedicated more to public research than to regular teaching, Sylvester led a restless academic life. Appointed as Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, 1841, the year he obtained an M.A. degree from the University of Dublin, he resigned soon after, in March 1842, evidently because of an altercation with a student who had insulted him, and returned to England to work at Equity and Law Life Assurance Company from 1845 to 1855. He was called to the Bar in 1850. His next post was as Professor of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from 1855 to 1870. During this stint he became President of the London Mathematical Society and of the Mathematical and Physical Section of the British Association. Sylvester again left academe, this time with just one book to his name, The Laws of Verse (1870), which he practiced with as marked originality and flare as he did the analysis of numbers. His finest poem, "Kepler's Apostrophe," movingly expresses the fierce unrepentance of any free-thinking researcher. Sylvester lived unemployed in London until 1877, when Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore engaged him as Professor of Mathematics. In America he founded the American Journal of Mathematics. By 1883 he left Baltimore to become Savilian Professor of Geometry at New College, Oxford University, until his retirement in 1894. Among the greatest mathematicians of the 19th century, Sylvester founded invariant algebra. He died on March 15, 1897, and was interred in the Jewish Cemetery, Ball's Pond, London.

• Fauvel, John. "James Joseph Sylvester: Poet." De Morgan Association Newsletter 5 (1997): 5-7.
• Parshall, Karen Hunger. James Joseph Sylvester: Life and Work in Letters. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. QA 29 .S95P37 1998 Mathematical Sciences Library
• --. "Sylvester, James Joseph (1814–1897)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP, 2004.
• M., P. E., and E. B. E. "Sylvester, James Joseph." Dictionary of National Biography. 258-29.
• Sylvester, James Joseph. The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester. Ed. H. F. Baker. 4 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1904-12. QA 3 .S87 Gerstein Library
• --. The Laws of Verse; or, Principles of versification exemplified in metrical translations, together with an annotated reprint of the inaugural presidential address to the mathematical and physical section of the British Association at Exeter. London: Longmans, 1870. LaE.Gr. S985k Robarts Library

James Joseph was born on Sept. 3, 1814, to Abraham Joseph Sylvester and was a Jew. Educated at the Royal Institution School, Liverpool, he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he earned the coveted Second Wrangler in mathematics in 1837. Unable to swear to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Anglican Church, however, Sylvester was barred from obtaining a degree. Still, he earned the post of Professor of Natural Philosophy at University College, London, on Nov. 25, 1837. Single all his life, and dedicated more to public research than to regular teaching, Sylvester led a restless academic life. Appointed as Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, 1841, the year he obtained an M.A. degree from the University of Dublin, he resigned soon after, in March 1842, evidently because of an altercation with a student who had insulted him, and returned to England to work at Equity and Law Life Assurance Company from 1845 to 1855. He was called to the Bar in 1850. His next post was as Professor of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from 1855 to 1870. During this stint he became President of the London Mathematical Society and of the Mathematical and Physical Section of the British Association. Sylvester again left academe, this time with just one book to his name, The Laws of Verse (1870), which he practiced with as marked originality and flare as he did the analysis of numbers. His finest poem, "Kepler's Apostrophe," movingly expresses the fierce unrepentance of any free-thinking researcher. Sylvester lived unemployed in London until 1877, when Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore engaged him as Professor of Mathematics. In America he founded the American Journal of Mathematics. By 1883 he left Baltimore to become Savilian Professor of Geometry at New College, Oxford University, until his retirement in 1894. Among the greatest mathematicians of the 19th century, Sylvester founded invariant algebra. He died on March 15, 1897, and was interred in the Jewish Cemetery, Ball's Pond, London.

• Fauvel, John. "James Joseph Sylvester: Poet." De Morgan Association Newsletter 5 (1997): 5-7.
• Parshall, Karen Hunger. James Joseph Sylvester: Life and Work in Letters. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. QA 29 .S95P37 1998 Mathematical Sciences Library
• --. "Sylvester, James Joseph (1814–1897)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Oxford: OUP, 2004.
• M., P. E., and E. B. E. "Sylvester, James Joseph." Dictionary of National Biography. 258-29.
• Sylvester, James Joseph. The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester. Ed. H. F. Baker. 4 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1904-12. QA 3 .S87 Gerstein Library
• --. The Laws of Verse; or, Principles of versification exemplified in metrical translations, together with an annotated reprint of the inaugural presidential address to the mathematical and physical section of the British Association at Exeter. London: Longmans, 1870. LaE.Gr. S985k Robarts Library

Robert Fuller Murray was born Dec. 26, 1863, in Roxbury, Massachusetts, of John and Emmeline Murray. In 1869 John took his son to Kelso, England, and then to York. He was educated at grammar schools in Ilminster and in Crewkerne. Murray then attended his beloved University of St. Andrews from 1881, succeeding more in English than in classical Greek. Lacking other opportunities, he became a research assistant to Professor John M. D. Meiklejohn in 1886, published poems in popular journals, and took to journalism in Edinburgh briefly in mid-1889. He returned to St. Andrews in 1890, his consumption then pronounced. 1891 brought him two diversions, a brief visit to Egypt, and the publication of The Scarlet Gown, but Murray succumbed, not long afterwards, to the disease in St Andrews. His friend Andrew Lang carried his second volume of poems into print in 1894, the year of his death, and in 1909 the St. Andrews Students' Representative Council subvented a second edition of The Scarlet Gown, as Lang then said, "by piety."

• Murray, Robert Fuller. The Scarlet Gown; being Verses by a St. Andrews Man. 2d edn. Intro. by Andrew Lang. Glasgow: James MacLehose, 1909. LE M9837sc Robarts Library
• --. Robert F. Murray: his Poems. Memoir by Andrew Lang. London: Longmans, Green, 1894. PR 5101 M5A6 1894 Robarts Library

Henry Francis Lyte was born on June 1, 1793, at Ednam, Scotland, and educated at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh (the alma mater of Oscar Wilde and Samuel Beckett, in Northern Ireland) and Trinity College, Dublin, where he won the Chancellor's Prize for English verse three years in a row, and from which he graduated in 1814. After being ordained in the Church of England, Lyte became a minister in Marazion, Cornwall, in 1817. He and Anne Maxwell wed on Jan. 21, 1818, and they set up house in Lymington. He published Tales in Verse in 1826, the first of his three volumes of poetry. By 1823 Lyte had become curate at All Saints Church in Lower Brixham, Devonshire. Dublin in 1830, and Oxford in 1834, granted him Master's degrees, but the one memorable "spirit-moving lay" that Lyte confessed, in his poem "Declining Days," he so longed to write in 1839 finally came to him in the days preceding his last sermon in late summer 1847. "Abide with Me" is a hymn universally beloved for memorial services and is sung annually by tens of thousands at the Football Association Cup Final at Wembley Stadium before the kick-off (beginning in 1927, at the suggestion of King George V). Lyte died on Nov. 20, 1847, at Nice, France, and is interred in the English Cemetery there. Three sons and a daughter survived him. One hundred years later, a tablet bearing his name, dates, and the first line of his greatest poem was placed in Westminister Abbey.

• Lyte, Henry Francis. Poems, Chiefly Religious. London, 1833.
• --. Miscellaneous Poems. London, 1868.
• --. The poetical works of the Rev. H.F. Lyte, M.A.. Ed. John Appleyard. London: E. Stock, 1907. PR 4897 L6 A17 1907 Victoria College (Emmanuel)
• --. The Spirit of the Psalms. London, 1834.
• --. Tales in Verse illustrative of the several petitions of the Lord's Prayer. London, 1826.
• Skinner, Basil Garnet. Henry Francis Lyte: Brixham's poet and priest. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1974. BV 330 L9S55 Robarts Library

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States (1913-21), founder of the Société des Nations (the League of Nations), and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.

• Ambrosius, Lloyd E. "Wilson, Woodrow." American National Biography Online. American Council of Learned Societies: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Link, Arthur Stanley. Wilson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960-. 5 vols. E 767 L65 Robarts Library
• Mulder, John M. Woodrow Wilson: A Bibliography Comp. John M. Mulder, Ernest M. White, and Ethel S. White. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1997. Z 8976 .9 M85 1997X Robarts Library

The 1813 edition of White's Selborne (viii-ix) gives the following biography: GILBERT WHITE was the eldest son of John White of Selborne, Esq. and of Anne the daughter of Thomas Holt, rector of Streatham in Surry. He was born at Selborne on July 18, 1720; and received his school-education at Basingstoke, under the Rev. Thomas Warton, vicar of that place, and father of those two distinguished literary characters, Dr. Joseph Warton, master of Winchester school, and Mr. Thomas Warton, poetry-professor at Oxford. He was admitted at Oriel College, Oxford, in December 1739, and took his degree of bachelor of arts in June 1743. In March 1744 he was elected fellow of his college. He became master of arts in October 1746, and was admitted one of the senior proctors of the university in April 1752. Being of an unambitious temper, and strongly attached to the charms of rural scenery, he early fixed his residence in his native village, where he spent the greater part of his life in literary occupations, and especially in the study of nature. This he followed with patient assiduity, and a mind ever open to the lessons of piety and benevolence which such a study is so well calculated to afford. Though several occasions offered of settling upon a college living, he could never persuade himself to quit the beloved spot, which was, indeed, a peculiarly happy situation for an observer. He was much esteemed by a select society of intelligent and worthy friends, to whom he paid occasional visits. Thus his days past, tranquil and serene, with scarcely any other vicissitudes than those of the seasons, till they closed at a mature age on June 26, 1793.

• Foster, Paul G. M. Gilbert White and his Records: a Scientific Biography. London: Christopher Helm, 1988. QH 31 .W58F67 1988 Gerstein Library
• --. "White, Gilbert (1720–1793)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. Sept. 2011.
• Holt-White, Rashleigh. The Life and Letters of Gilbert White of Selborne. 2 vols. London: J. Murray, 1901. QH 31 .W58H6 Gerstein Library
• Johnson, Walter. Gilbert White, Pioneer, Poet, and Stylist. London: J. Murray, 1928. QH 31 .W58J6 Gerstein Library
• Mabey, Richard. Gilbert White: a Biography of the Author of The natural history of Selborne. London: Century, 1986. QH 31 .W58M32 1986 Gerstein Library
• Martin, Edward A. A Bibliography of Gilbert White, the Naturalist & Antiquarian of Selborne: with a Biography and a Descriptive Account of the Village of Selborne. Rev. edn. London: Halton, 1934. Z 8970.5 .M37 1934 Robarts Library
• White, Gilbert. Journals. Ed. Francesca Greenoak. 3 vols. London: Century, 1986. QH 31 .W58A3 1986 Gerstein Library
• --. The Natural History of Selborne: to which are Added the Naturalist's Calendar, Miscellaneous Observations, and Poems. London: White, Cochrane, 1813.
• --. The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, 1789. Menston: Scolar Press, 1970. QH 138 .S4W5 1789A Gerstein Library. Also London: T. Bensley for B. White, 1789. D-10/2651 RBSC Fisher Rare Book Library

Robert Stephen Hawker was born on Dec. 3, 1803, to Jacob Stephen Hawker and Jane Elizabeth Drewitt. He was educated at Liskeard and Cheltenham Grammar Schools, and Pembroke College and Magdalen College, Oxford, receiving his B.A. in 1828. Hawker brought out his first book of poems, Tendrils, in 1821, and won the Newdigate Prize at Oxford for a poem on Pompeii in 1827. After being ordained a priest in the Anglican Church in 1831, Hawker settled down in the vicarage at Morwenstow, Cornwall, in 1837, with his wife, Charlotte Eliza Rawleigh I'ans, whom he had married on Nov. 6, 1823. Other books of verse came out in 1832, 1840, 1843, and 1844, but only when Charles Dickens acknowledged his authorship of "The Song of the Western Men" on Nov. 20, 1852, in Household Words, did Hawker become well known as a poet. After Charlotte died on Feb. 2, 1863, Hawker published The Quest of the Sangraal (1864) and remarried, to Pauline Anne Kuczynski, on Dec. 21 that year. His Cornish Ballads was published in 1869. Hawkins converted to Roman Catholicism before his death at 9 Lockyer St., Plymouth, on August 15, 1875. He was survived by his wife and three daughters. The photograph of Robert Stephen Hawker, at 61, taken by Dr. Richard Budd at Barnstaple in 1864, appears in C. E. Byles' The Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker (1906), opp. p. 482. See Robert Stephen Hawker: His life and writings, the authoritative online resource, edited by Angela Williams.

• Byles, C. E. The Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker (sometime Vicar of Morwenstow). London: J. Lane, the Bodley Head, 1906. PR 4759 .H9Z48 1906 Robarts Library
• C., W. P. "Hawker, Robert Stephen." Dictionary of National Biography. IX. 1891. 202-03.
• Hawker, Robert Stephen. Cornish Ballads & Other Poems. Intro. by C.E. Byles. London: J. Lane, 1908. PR 4759 H9C6 1908 Robarts Library
• --. Cornish Ballads and Other Poems: a Facsimile Reproduction of the 1869 Edition. Intro. by Kay J. Walter and Terence Allan Hoagwood. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, 1994. PR 4759 H9C6 1869a Robarts Library
• --. Ecclesia: A Volume of Poems. Oxford: J.G. and J. Rivington, 1840. (Also 1846.) PR 4759 H9E3 Robarts Library
• --. Echoes from Old Cornwall. London: Joseph Masters, 1846.
• --. The Quest of the Sangraal: Chant the First. Exeter: Printed for the author, 1864. PR 4759 H9 Q8 Victoria College Library
• --. Records of the Western Shore. Oxford: D. A. Talboys, 1832. Reprinted 1836.
• --. Reeds Shaken with the Wind. London: James Burns, 1843 and 1844.
• --. Selected Poems: Robert Stephen Hawker. Ed. Cecil Woolf. London: C. Woolf, 1975. PR 4759 H9A6 1975 Robarts Library
• -- [Reuben]. Tendrils. Cheltenham: Hatchard, 1821.

William Vaughn Moody was born on July 8, 1869, in Spenser, Indiana, and his family moved in 1871 to New Albany. He obtained his B.A. (1893) and M.A. (1894) at Harvard University, where he became co-editor of the Harvard Monthly, and joined its English Department in the 1894-95 academic year as assistant to Louis E. Gates. Moody lectured at the University of Chicago in 1895 and stayed there until 1907 when, having risen to Assistant Professor, he left academe to write poetry. By then he had published three verse plays, The Masque of Judgment (1900), The Fire-Bringer (1904), and The Great Divide (1907), one volume of poems (1901), an edition of Milton's works (1899), and a history of English literature (1907). 1908 earned him a D. Litt. at Yale University and membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Moody married Harriet C. Brainerd on May 7, 1909, and died in Colorado Springs on Oct. 17, 1910.

• Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. VII. Ed. Dumas Malone. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934.
• Milton, John. Complete Poetical Works. Ed. William Vaughn Moody. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899. PR 3550 .F24 1899 Robarts Library
• Moody, William Vaughn. The Faith Healer: A Play in Four Acts. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909. PS 2427 F35 1909 Robarts Library
• --. The Fire-bringer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904. PS 2427 F5 1904
• --. Letters to Harriet. Ed. Percy MacKaye. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1935. PS 2428 A47 1935 Robarts Library
• --. The Masque of Judgment, a Masque-drama in Five Acts and a Prelude. Boston: Small, 1900.
• --. Poems. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1901. PS 2425 A4 1901
• --. Poems and Plays. Intro. John M. Manly. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1912. PS 2425 A2 1912 Robarts Library
• --. Selected Poems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931. 811.5 Moo Se Trinity College
• --. Some Letters of William Vaughn Moody. Ed. Daniel Gregory Mason. New York: AMS Press, 1969. PS 2428 A4 1969
• --, and Robert Morss Lovett. A History of English Literature. New York: Scribner, 1904. 2 vols. PR 85 .M6 1904 Robarts Library
• Stockney, Trumbull. Poems. Ed. George Cabot Lodge, William Vaughn Moody, and John Clierton Lodge. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1905. PS 3537 T525 1905
• Who Was Who in America. Vol. I: 1897-1942. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1981.

Gilbert E. Brooke was born March 28, 1873, at Hyères, France, and educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath (1884-88), Pensionnat Georgens, Ouchy, Switzerland (1889-90), Pembroke College, Cambridge (B.A. 1894; M.A., 1901), London Hospital (1894-96; L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.), and Edinburgh (1897; D.P.H. 1902). After signing on as a ship's surgeon, Brooke became Government medical officer in the Turks and Caicos Islands in Sept. 1897. He and Alice Marie Swabey had married on Oct. 6, 1897, at Widcombe Old Church, Bath. His local responsibilities expanded there in 1899 to be J.P. for Turks Islands, District Commissioner, and Police Magistrate and Coroner, and in 1900 to be Receiver of Wreck, Caicos Islands, and Marriage Officer. He went on leave 1901-02 for further study at Edinburgh and afterwards emigrated to Singapore. He became Port Health Officer there in Jan. 1902 and set down roots. By 1905 he was a Lecturer in Hygiene, Singapore Medical School, and his career advanced as he became Deputy Coroner, Singapore (1906), and then J.P. for Singapore (1908). Brooke published two textbooks in tropical medicine this year and the next. These credentials helped him to rise to Acting Government Veterinary Surgeon (1911-12) and Chief Health Officer, Singapore (Jan. 1914). Brooke's broad interests extended to verse and local history. The prefatory note to Oddments, dated July 1922, explains that his poems has been printed before in the Royal Standard, Turks and Caicos Islands, W.I., the Singapore Free Press, the Sydney Daily Telegraph, the Bath and Wilts Chronicle, the Bath Chronicle, the Straits Times (of Singapore), the Malayan Review, and elsewhere. His service in the Turks and Caicos Islands and Singapore earned him a fellowship with the Royal Geographical Society. He and his wife Alice had five children.

• Brooke, Gilbert Edward. Aids to Tropical Medicine (London: Baillière, 1908. Also 1915, 1927. Revised J. C. Broom, 1942.
• --. Brooke of Horton in the Cotswolds with Notes on some other Brooke Families. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House, 1918. 9907.ee.9 British Library
• --. Essentials of Sanitary Science. London: H. Kimpton, 1909. RA 425 .B66 Gerstein Library
• --. Marine Hygiene and Sanitation. London: Baillière, 1920.
• --. Medico-Tropical Practice: A Handbook for Medical Practioners and Students. 2nd edn. 1908: London: C. Griffin, 1920. 7307.a.10 [signed at Bath, Dec. 1919] British Library
• --. Oddments: Being Extracts from a Scrap-book. Singapore: Kelly and Walsh, 1922. British Library 012273.aaa.73
• Makepeace, Walter, Gilbert E. Brooke and Roland St. J. Braddell, eds. One Hundred Years of Singapore. 2 vols. London: Murray, 1921. DS 610.5 .O54 1921 Robarts Library

Sir Thomas Wyatt was born at Allington Castle, Kent, in 1503, the son of Henry Wyatt and Anne Skinner. He was educated at St. John's College Cambridge, become a diplomat in the service of Henry VIII about 1526 and travelled to Italy first in 1527. After a brief imprisonment for his affair with Anne Boleyn in 1536, the king's second wife who was executed for treason, Wyatt went to Spain as English ambassador to Charles V from 1537 to 1539. In 1541, after the fall of Thomas Cromwell, Wyatt was arrested again and charged with treason but his release followed shortly. He died October 11, 1542, and was buried at Sherborne. Having separated from his wife Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Lord Cobham, Wyatt was survived by his mistress Elizabeth Darrell and their son Francis. The best modern editions of Wyatt's poems are Sir Thomas Wyatt: The Complete Poems, ed. R. A. Rebholz (Penguin, 1978), Richard C. Harrier's The Canon of Sir Thomas Wyatt's Poetry (a diplomatic transcription of the Egerton MS poems, for which see below), and the Collected Poems, edited by Kenneth Muir and Patricia Thomson (London: Routledge, 1969), who give especially full notes.

• Burrow, Colin. "Wyatt, Sir Thomas (c.1503–1542)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. May 2011.
• Muir, Kenneth Muir. Life and Letters of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1963.
• Thomson, Patricia. Sir Thomas Wyatt and his Background. London: Routledge, 1964.

Thirteen original sources exist for Wyatt's poems.

1. Harington MS, Arundel Castle: see The Arundel Harington Manuscript of Tudor Poetry, 2 vols. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1960).
2. Blage MS, Trinity College, Dublin
3. Parker MS 168, Corpus Christi College Cambridge
4. Devonshire Ms 17492, British Library
5. Egerton MS 2711, British Library: see Richard Harrier, The Canon of Sir Thomas Wyatt's Poetry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975), Part II, the best edition of the best version.
6. Harleian MS 78, British Library
7. Additional MS 36529, British Library (Park-Hill MS)
8. Royal MS 17.A.xxii, British Library
9. University MS Ff.5.14, Cambridge University Library
10. Certayne psalmes chosen out of the psalter of Dauid, called thee. vii. penytentiall psalmes, drawen into englyshe meter by sir T. Wyat, ed. J. Harrington (London, 1549). STC 2726.
11. A Boke of Balettes, extant in one copy only, a fragment of two leaves. STC 26053.5.
12. Songes and sonettes, written by Henry Haward late earle of Surrey, and other (June 5, 1557). STC 13860. See Tottell's Miscellany (1557-1587), ed. H. E. Rollins, 2 vols., 2nd edn. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965).
13. The courte of Venus, a fragment of an edition ca. 1563. STC 24650.5. See The Court of Venus, ed. R. A. Fraser (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1955).

Wyatt's poems were circulated in manuscript during his lifetime. The most important early MS is the Egerton. Fifteen years after Wyatt's death, Richard Tottel included 97 poems attributed to Wyatt in a collection of Surrey's poems. Tottel supplied Wyatt's poems with titles of his own and, in his desire to appeal to contemporary taste, frequently departed from the manuscript copy of his earlier authors, removing archaisms and smoothing out the rhythm. Wyatt also published Petrarch's De tranquillitate animi in English translation: see Tho, wyatis translatyon of Plutarckes boke, of the quyete of mynde in 1528 (STC 20058.5) and Plutarch's Quyete of Mynde translated by Thomas Wyat (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931). Many of Wyatt's and Surrey's sonnets are translations or adaptations of Petrarch's Sonnetti in Vita di Madonna Laura and Sonnetti in Morte di Madonna Laura. Petrarch's poems are numbered as in modern standard editions with Petrarch's original numbering in brackets. The difference in numbering is due to the inclusion in Petrarch's sonnet cycle of a number of poems in other forms, including canzoni, madrigali, and ballate. The Italian texts are from Le Rime di Francesco Petrarca, ed. Giovanni Mestica (Firenze: G. Barbèra, 1896; PQ 4476 E96 ROBA). Modernization has not been applied to those passages where it might have grossly obscured the rhythm of the original.